Type of farming and female entrepreneurship in agriculture: The case of Trentino (Italy (original) (raw)

Gender differences in farm entrepreneurship: comparing farming performance of women and men in Italy

New Medit, 2020

Gender differences in rural enterprise are a relevant field of analysis which calls for a deeper investiga-tion concerning key variables affecting farm’s performance and on the basis of gender. This paper tries to explore eventual gender gaps in the farms of Italy. Two variables are investigated: “Who” variable discriminate farm’s manager on the basis of gender under a constituent perspective of female entrepre-neurship. “Where” context is articulated in business, social and spatial context, with the aim of excavat-ing the multiple dimensions of farm entrepreneurship. In order to bring out the differences between male and female condominium farms in Italy, an econometric model was applied, with the aim of identifying context-related differences. The results confirm gender gaps related to farm performance, networking, diversification strategies and access to rural policies, by enlightening diverse paths of development in rural enterprises on the basis of explanatory variables. Theref...

Women entrepreneurs in the agriculture sector: Issues and challenges

2017

The purpose of conducting this study is to explore problems faced by women entrepreneurs with regards to gender issues, and their perceptions when they are dealing with male counterparts during business transactions. An inductive approach had been used as the design methodology for the purpose of this research. Interviews with a sample of women agriculture entrepreneurs allowed for in-depth exploration of their subjective experiences and the contexts in which these were situated. Data analyses were performed with the NVIVO software. The findings revealed that the research subjects encountered persistent gender stereotypes, a paucity of female role models, resistance from associates within and outside of their organisations, and societal pressures to maintain appropriate levels of work-family balance. The limitations/implications were in the form of similarities of the responses from the participants. Most of the answers were not so different amongst the respondents. Further studies ...

Female Entrepreneurship in Agricultural Sector. The Case of Municipality of Pogoni in the Period of Economic Crisis

Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 2015

Purpose of this field research is the study of the multifunctional role of rural women both in development and primary sector's businesses. The survey was conducted in 2014, in Municipality of Pogoni, Greece, by personal interviews and questionnaire with women holding a small business in primary sector. Thus, the results about female entrepreneurship are unique for this specific rural area. It is concluded that within modernization of agricultural sector, the role of rural women has greatly improved in production and organization of agricultural labor. Female entrepreneurship networking, small businesses' succession, and necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship in primary sector's businesses are examined and also how these affect female entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurs' opinions were catalogued. Factors such as education and vocational training are important in enhancing the role of rural women. Finally, main problems woman entrepreneur faces, mainly economic and managerial, were pointed out, while economic crisis seems to affect negatively the agricultural sector of this region.

Profile of the Italian farmer: The main entrepreneurial types

Food Economics - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section C, 2010

The aim of this work was to schematise the main strategic profiles found in Italian farming. In a scenario of widespread structural weakness in Italy's agricultural sector, we found a broad entrepreneurial area where farmers with a high risk of extinction work together with farmers who are able to allocate their family resources efficiently both within and outside their farms. In this context, it would be appropriate to implement a new framework of public intervention in the agricultural sector in Europe, which would consider the overall features belonging to the family's objective function in decision-making, such as the presence of work outside the farm. In Italy, the rationale of the farmers' decision-making process is chiefly consistent with the overall socioeconomic environment surrounding the family, as confirmed by our econometric analysis. Although the income level of the different types introduced in the analysis is positively affected by the presence of public support, total aid appears unable to provide a stimulus for farmers, generating considerable farm revenue dependent of offfarm income for their survival.

ENTREPRENURSHIP AND FARMING – A GENDER PERSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

This paper explores the frames of entrepreneurship in family farming in Croatia. We examined the hypothesis that entrepreneurship on family farms is particular and requires specific entrepreneurial abilities. From the human resources aspect our hypothesis was that the current state on family farms is not the one significantly supporting gender equality. Men in general are in hold of property and shape managerial roles, therefore the entrepreneurial and managerial dimensions occur in division of roles gender and “power” on the farm and in the family.

Balancing uncertainties - women farmers on small- and medium-scale enterprises face the modernization of agriculture

2010

Mathilde Schmitt and Heide Inhetveen Austrian Academy of Sciences, Mountain Research: Man and Environment, Innsbruck, mathilde.schmitt@oeaw.ac.at University of Goettingen, Germany, hinhetv@gwdg.de Abstract: Based on a longitudinal study carried out over the last three decades in Bavaria, Germany, our paper shows how farming women on 134 small‐ and medium sized farms have coped with 30 years of agricultural restructuring. The reorganization of the farms under the ever‐changing adaptation requirements (“grow or go”) and the concept of pluriactivity have created new economic responsibilities for the women and resulted in a new visibility of female farmers (“feminization of the farm”). The women in our sample have chosen a variety of ways to balance traditional thinking, particularly the desire for autonomy and self‐determination, with the challenges of modernity.

FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PRIMARY SECTOR OF MUNICIPALITY OF POGONI

International Conference Hellenic Open Business Administration (HOBA) 2014, Patra Greece, 2014

International reclassifications effected in rural economy, through the process of globalization, have also influenced Greek rural space. In this environment, role of woman and female entrepreneurship have been diversified. Rural women in modern Greek society play a multitude of social and economic roles in rural development and often represent a potential with a series of special abilities and skills which can be used for rural development. Purpose of this field research is the study of the multifunctional role of rural women both in rural development and primary sector’s businesses. The survey was conducted in second semester of 2012, in Municipality of Pogoni, a remote area with increased importance in Prefecture of Ioannina – Region of Epirus, Greece – by personal interviews and questionnaire, containing closed and open-ended questions, with rural women aged 18-65 years, holding a small business in primary sector. Thus, results about entrepreneurship and female particularly are unique for this specific rural area. Analyzing interviews’ results about women’s opinion concerning fields of agriculture, livestock, agritourism, etc., it is concluded that within modernization of primary sector, the role of rural women has greatly improved in production and organization of agricultural labor. Female entrepreneurship networking (cooperatives, clustering), small businesses’ succession, and necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship in primary sector’s businesses are examined and also how these affect female entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurs’ opinions about their smes, E.U. measures, agriculture, quality of life in rural area, and their perspectives were catalogued. Factors such as education and vocational training are important in enhancing the role of rural women. Finally, main problems woman entrepreneur faces, mainly economic and managerial, were pointed out.

Women, Rural Environment and Entrepreneurship

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014

The work raises the question about the employability of women to achieve an output to situations of violence and social exclusion generally do not consider any of the characteristics of rural areas. At least we can talk about three social problems that must be addressed from a gender perspective: rural exodus and consequently, depopulation, masculinization and aging. Law 45 /2007 for the Sustainable Development of Rural tried to recognize the importance of rural development in the country and address the lack of economic opportunities that have favored the depopulation and marginality. However, except in regard to equal treatment between men and women, did not provide specific mechanisms for women. The proposed work is to analyze the socio-economic situation of women in rural municipalities in Spanish now and, from initial diagnosis, try to make proposals for improving employability and economic conditions of women through entrepreneurship in certain activities and sectors.