Potencial productivo de tres especies de Brachiaria en monocultivo y asociadas con Arachis pintoi en Isla, Veracruz (original) (raw)
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Tillering Capacity of Brachiaria Cultivars in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region During the Dry Season
Tropical Animal Science Journal
Identifying forage species that are responsive in regions with marked water deficits is one of the greatest challenges for the sustainable development of agriculture. However, information is still lacking about the persistence response of those pastures and their abilities to produce new tissues at the times of water scarcity. We hypothesized that Brachiaria grass has a tillering capacity during water-stress periods. This study thus examined the tillering capacity and structural characteristics of four Brachiaria brizantha cultivars (Xaraés, Piatã, Marandu, and Paiaguás) and one Brachiaria decumbens cultivar (Basilisk) in the Brazilian semi-arid region during the dry season (September to March). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with repeated measures over time in which five treatments were tested in four replicates. Tillering parameters, pasture production, and structural variables were evaluated. There was no interaction effect of cultivar × evaluation period on the tiller appearance (p= 0.1774), mortality (p= 0.1952) or survival (p= 0.4469) rates. The highest tiller appearance and mortality rates were observed in Marandu, while the highest survival rates were found in Marandu and Paiaguás. The index of tiller population stability was higher than or equal to 1.0 in all cultivars. Cultivar Basilisk showed the highest herbage mass yield (4448.0 kg DM ha-1), whereas Basilisk exhibited the highest yields of leaf (1845.9 kg DM ha-1), stem (1676.9 kg DM ha-1), and dead material (925.2 kg DM ha-1). The highest leaf:stem ratio (1.8) was found in Marandu. Cultivar Xaraés had the highest canopy (70.8 cm). The B. brizantha and B. decumbens cultivars evaluated in this study have the potential for cultivation in areas with marked water deficits, as is the case of the Brazilian semi-arid region. Cultivars Marandu, Basilisk, and Paiaguás exhibited the greatest tillering dynamics as well as the highest herbage-mass yield.
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 2006
The objective of this study was to estimate some characteristics of pasture vegetation in native grass pastures alone (G) or associated with Arachis pintoi CIAT 17434 (GA) under intensive rotation in the humid tropics of Veracruz, five years after legume establishment. Five pasture divisions of G and three of GA were used. Samplings took place from 7/VIII/95 to 28/V/96, for a total of 27 for G and 18 for GA, the instantaneous stocking rates were 29.9±5.2 and 32.9±5.6 cows/ha/d and days of recovery were 43±4 and 50±4. There were no differences (P>0.05) between pastures for available dry matter, residual dry matter and dry matter intake, being the respective means: 29.3±2.0, 25.1±1.9 and 3.31±0.20 kg DM/100 kg LW. Pasture use in GA (18.5 ± 1.1 %) was greater (P 0.05) between pastures, giving a mean leaf:stem ratio of one. Crop growth rates were not affected (P>0.05) by pastures, with means of 37.7 ± 8.1 kg DM/ha/d for the absolute and 0.0110 ± 0.0002 DM/kg/ha/d for the relative....
D.G. Balseca, E.G. Cienfuegos, H.B. López, H.P. Guevara, and J.C. Martínez. 2015. Nutritional value of Brachiarias and forage legumes in the humid tropics from Ecuador. Cien. Inv. Agr. 42(1): 57-63. This research evaluated the nutritional value of five varieties of Brachiarias: B. decumbens Stapf; B. brizantha Marandú; B. brizantha Piatá; B. brizantha Xaraés; and Mulato II [B. ruziziensis × B. brizantha]). The Brachiarias were combined at different inclusion rates (0, 10 and 15%) with two tropical forage legume species (Centrosema pubescens and Cajanus cajan, ECV22). The samples were collected at the experimental farm, The Oasis, a property of the Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial (Ecuador), with 42 d of regrowth for the Brachiarias and 150 d for the legumes in the dry season. The proximate analysis and the Van Soest procedure were performed in the laboratory of food science and animal nutrition of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (Ecuador). The in situ digestibility of dry matter (ISDDM)
Agronomic, morphogenic and structural characteristics of tropical forage grasses in northeast Brazil
Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales, 2014
The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic, morphogenic and structural characteristics of tropical forage grasses during the establishment phase and throughout the second year in northeast Brazil. The treatments included 9 grasses: Brachiaria humidicola (koronivia grass), Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato, Brachiaria brizantha cvv. Piatã, Xaraés and Marandu, Brachiaria ruziziensis (ruzi grass), Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass), Panicum hybrid cv. Massai and Andropogon gayanus (gamba grass). The grasses were planted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The following parameters were measured: total forage production, leaf:stem ratio, tiller population density, number of dead tillers, leaf emergence rate, phyllochron, leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate, rate of leaf senescence, final length of leaf blade and lifespan of leaves. In the establishment year, cv. Mulato produced the highest forage yields, followed by cvv. Xaraés and Massai, with gamba grass and koronivia grass worst. In the second year, cvv. Mulato, Xaraés and Marandu, and gamba grass showed highest forage production, while cvv. Massai and Piatã produced the least. All grasses showed a marked drop in production during the dry season. Cultivar Massai consistently had the highest leaf:stem ratio. The morphogenic and structural characteristics differed according to cultivar and season of the year. In general, leaf emergence rate, leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate, rate of leaf senescence, final length of the leaf blade, number of live leaves per tiller and density of living tillers were higher in the rainy season, while the phyllochron and lifespan of leaves were higher in the dry season. The results of this research highlight the potential of the Brachiaria cultivars Mulato and Xaraés, gamba grass and Panicum cv. Massai in subhumid Maranhão, northeast Brazil. Resumen El estudio se realizó en el nordeste de Brasil con el objetivo de evaluar las características agronómicas, morfogénicas y estructurales de 9 gramíneas forrajeras tropicales durante la fase de establecimiento y el primer año de producción. Los tratamientos incluyeron: Brachiaria humidicola, Brachiaria híbrido cv. Mulato, Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Piatã, Xaraés y Marandu, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Brachiaria decumbens, Panicum híbrido cv. Massai y Andropogon gayanus. Las gramíneas fueron sembradas en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con 4 repeticiones. Se midieron los parámetros siguientes: producción total de forraje; relación hoja:tallo; densidad populacional de rebrotes; número de rebrotes muertos; tasa de aparición foliar; filocrono; tasas de elongación de hojas y tallos; tasa de senescencia foliar; longitud final de la lámina foliar; y duración de la vida útil de las hojas. En el año de establecimiento, Brachiaria híbrido cv. Mulato produjo los mayores rendimientos de forraje, seguido por B. brizantha cv. Xaraés y Panicum híbrido cv. Massai, siendo A. gayanus y B. humidicola los de peor desempeño. En el segundo año, los cvs. Mulato, Xaraés,
Nutritional value of Brachiarias and forage legumes in the humid tropics of Ecuador
D.G. Balseca, E.G. Cienfuegos, H.B. López, H.P. Guevara, and J.C. Martínez. 2015. Nutritional value of Brachiarias and forage legumes in the humid tropics from Ecuador. Cien. Inv. Agr. 42(1): 57-63. This research evaluated the nutritional value of five varieties of Brachiarias: B. decumbens Stapf; B. brizantha Marandú; B. brizantha Piatá; B. brizantha Xaraés; and Mulato II [B. ruziziensis × B. brizantha]). The Brachiarias were combined at different inclusion rates (0, 10 and 15%) with two tropical forage legume species (Centrosema pubescens and Cajanus cajan, ECV22). The samples were collected at the experimental farm, The Oasis, a property of the Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial (Ecuador), with 42 d of regrowth for the Brachiarias and 150 d for the legumes in the dry season. The proximate analysis and the Van Soest procedure were performed in the laboratory of food science and animal nutrition of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (Ecuador). The in situ digestibility of dry matter (ISDDM)
Tropical Grasslands
Light interception and use were studied in fertilised stands of 5 Brachiaria species: B. brizantha, B. decumbens , B. dictyoneura , B. humidicola and B. mutica over a regrowth period of 45 days during the wet season. Aerial dry matter (DM) accumulation, nutrient concentrations in the forage, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception and light use efficiency (ε) for different plant components were measured on 6 occasions. Growth and forage yield were analysed in terms of biomass partitioning and its influence on absorbed PAR and ε. Final DM yields were similar among species (280-350 g/m 2), despite wide variation (1.7-4.1) in the leaf area index (LAI). In general, N accumulation into aerial biomass was lower than theoretical values expected for a C 4 grass. Although ε for leaf production and consequently LAI in B. humidicola and B. mutica were low, ε for tiller production was high, thus compensating for the lower partitioning to assimilatory biomass. The pattern of biomass partitioning in B. brizantha , B. decumbens and B. dictyoneura favoured leaf DM resulting in a higher leaf:tiller ratio, LAI and ε for leaf biomass. Different partitioning coefficients resulted in similar PAR interception among species. It was concluded that similar final yields were achieved by different strategies of biomass partitioning and therefore conversion efficiencies. The calculated value of ε for total forage biomass fell within the range 1.3-1.7 g/MJ.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias
This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercrop...
Agronomic Evaluation of Tropical Forage Legumes in Different Agroecosystems in Puerto Rico
1989
In Puerto Rico there are approximately 342,000 ha of pastures and rangelands. Fouragroecosystems have been identified based on topography, rainfall distribution and soil types. Forages legumes production and pasture management are vital for milk and beef production to reduce importation of concentrated feed. Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema spp. have produced over 13.0 and 5.7 t/ha of dry matter, respectively, during establishment in the humid mountain region. Dry matter yields of Leucaena have been over 15 t/ha/yr during the second year of evaluation and Neonotonia wihgtiihave produced over 2.0 t/ha during establishment in the semiarid southern coast. These forage legumes are recommended for evaluation of persitence under grazing and for animal production in the appropiate agroecosystems. Other tropical forage legumes adapted to the Caribbean Basin should be evaluated in the different agroecosystems in Puerto-Rico. ----- Les prairies et pâturage de Porto-Rico couvrent environ...