Interesterified Fats Induce Deleterious Effects on Adipose Tissue and Liver in LDLr-KO Mice (original) (raw)
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Journal of Oil Palm Research, 2021
Palmitic rich interesterified (IE) fats exert detrimental effects on atherogenicity in animals but less significant effects in animal and human plasma lipids. Thus, it is important to investigate the role IE fats on lipid subfractions and hepatic gene expression involved in lipoprotein regulation. F1B male Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were fed high-fat diets ad libitum containing 0.1% dietary cholesterol and 30% energy from dietary fat, either native or IE fats namely palm olein (PO), chemically IE palm olein (CIEPO), sal fat blend (SFB) and chemically IE sal fat blend (CIESFB) for 12 weeks. Plasma lipid profiles, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) sub-fractions and hepatic gene expression levels were determined. PO and CIEPO fed hamsters had 38% and 27% higher plasma HDL levels compared to SFB and CIESFB, respectively. Animals given PO diet had greater proportion of the larger HDL particles than SFB and CIESFB fed animals (p<0.05). ...
Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2020
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different modified fats on the body weight, biochemical profile, and biomarkers of hepatic oxidative status in Balb-c mice. The animals were divided into four groups and fed for 75 days with a normolipidic (Control Group, CG) or hiperlipidic diets (40% kcal) containing a commercial interesterified fat (IFG) rich in palmitic acid (39%); a blend of non-interesterified fat (NIFG), with 2-fold less saturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols; or a partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHFG), source of trans fatty acid (20%) and of linolenic acid (6%). The mice of the IFG and NIFG presented similar results in all evaluated parameters. The serum biochemical profile and hepatic oxidative stress markers in mice of the PHFG were similar to CG, except for total cholesterol (TC) which was significantly higher (p < 0.05
Lipids in Health and Disease, 2015
Background: Low hepatic content of n-3 PUFA has been associated with NAFLD in humans. Whether this is associated with reduced dietary intake or increased turnover of these FA is not clear. We have here investigated the effects of dietary fat quality on hepatic lipid storage and transcriptomics over time. Aim: To investigate the effects of quality of fat in a high fat diet (HFD) over time on hepatic lipid storage and liver transcriptomics. Methods and Results: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed control, HFD-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/ docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or HFD-corn oil diet for 8 or 12 weeks. Body weight, body composition, plasma and hepatic triglyceride contents were measured. Hepatic transcriptomes were analysed by microarray followed by gene-set enrichment analyses. At 8 weeks, the HFD-corn oil mice had higher body weight and adipose depot mass than the HFD-EPA/DHA but there were no differences at 12 weeks. Hepatic triglyceride content was lower in HFD-EPA/DHA fed compared with the HFD-corn oil fed mice at both time-points. Enrichment analyses of the hepatic transcriptomes showed that lipid/fatty acid biosynthesis; transport and homeostasis were lower in the HFD-EPA/DHA fed compared with the HFD-corn oil fed mice. Genes encoding proteins associated to cytoplasmic lipid droplets were expressed at higher levels in livers from the HFD-corn oil compared to HFD-EPA/DHA mice. Conclusions: Dietary EPA and DHA counteracted development of HFD-induced fatty liver. The liver transcriptome data implicate that the quality of dietary fat could modulate Ppar-related gene expression that in turn affects hepatic lipid storage and maintenance of metabolic health.
Dietary Fat Composition Influences Tissue Lipid Profile and Gene Expression in Fischer-344 Rats
Lipids, 2012
The AIN-76A diet causes fatty liver in rodents when fed for long periods of time. The aim of this study was to utilize fatty acid analysis and transcriptomics to investigate the effects of different fat sources in the AIN-76A diet on tissue lipid profiles and gene expression in male, weanling Fischer-344 rats. Animals were fed isocaloric diets that differed only in the fat source: (1) corn oil (CO) (2) anhydrous milk fat (AMF), and (3) AMF supplemented with 10 % phospholipids from the milk fat globule membrane (AMF-MFGM). There were no differences in food intake, body weight, growth rate, or body fat composition among the groups, and the fatty acid compositions of red blood cells (RBC), plasma, muscle, and visceral adipose tissues reflected the dietary fat sources. Modifying the fat source resulted in 293 genes differentially regulated in skeletal muscle, 1,124 in adipose, and 831 in liver as determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Although tissue fatty acid profiles mostly reflected the diet, there were several quantitative differences in lipid classes in the liver and plasma. The AMF diet resulted in the highest level of hepatic triacylglycerols, but the lowest level in plasma. The CO diet resulted in significant accumulation of hepatic unesterified fatty acids and decreased DGAT expression and activity, a potential trigger for steatohepatitis. These results indicate that the fatty acid composition and presence of polar lipids in the AIN-76A diets have significant effects on lipid partitioning, gene expression, and potentially the development of liver pathology. Abbreviations ACF Aberrant crypt foci AMF Anhydrous milk fat ANOVA Analysis of variance BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene CE Cholesteryl esters CHD Coronary heart disease CO Corn oil FAME Fatty acid methyl ester(s) FFA Unesterified fatty acids HUFA Highly unsaturated fatty acid(s) MFGM Milk fat globule membrane NAFLD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NASH Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis PL Phospholipid(s) PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acids RBC Red blood cell(s) TAG Triacylglycerol(s) TLC Thin-layer chromatography
Nutrition & metabolism, 2007
Dietary trans-rich and interesterified fats were compared to an unmodified saturated fat for their relative impact on blood lipids and plasma glucose. Each fat had melting characteristics, plasticity and solids fat content suitable for use as hardstock in margarine and other solid fat formulations. Thirty human volunteers were fed complete, whole food diets during 4 wk periods, where total fat (approximately 31% daily energy, >70% from the test fats) and fatty acid composition were tightly controlled. A crossover design was used with 3 randomly-assigned diet rotations and repeated-measures analysis. One test fat rotation was based on palm olein (POL) and provided 12.0 percent of energy (%en) as palmitic acid (16:0); a second contained trans-rich partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO) and provided 3.2 %en as trans fatty acids plus 6.5 %en as 16:0, while the third used an interesterified fat (IE) and provided 12.5 %en as stearic acid (18:0). After 4 wk the plasma lipoproteins, f...
Fatty Acids Consumption: The Role Metabolic Aspects Involved in Obesity and Its Associated Disorders
Nutrients
Obesity and its associated disorders, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, metabolic inflammation, dysbiosis, and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, are involved in several molecular and inflammatory mechanisms that alter the metabolism. Food habit changes, such as the quality of fatty acids in the diet, are proposed to treat and prevent these disorders. Some studies demonstrated that saturated fatty acids (SFA) are considered detrimental for treating these disorders. A high fat diet rich in palmitic acid, a SFA, is associated with lower insulin sensitivity and it may also increase atherosclerosis parameters. On the other hand, a high intake of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids may promote positive effects, especially on triglyceride levels and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Moreover, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are effective at limiting the hepatic steatosis process through a series of biochemical events, such as reducing the markers of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, increasing the gene expression of lipid metabolism, decreasing lipogenic activity, and releasing adiponectin. This current review shows that the consumption of unsaturated fatty acids, MUFA, and PUFA, and especially EPA and DHA, which can be applied as food supplements, may promote effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as on metabolic inflammation, gut microbiota, and hepatic metabolism.
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA), 2014
This study investigates the effects of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids from different fat sources (High Oleic Canola, Canola, Canola-Flaxseed (3:1 blend), Safflower, or Soybean Oil, or a Lardbased diet) on adipose tissue function and markers of inflammation in Obese Prone rats fed high-fat (55% energy) diets for 12 weeks. Adipose tissue fatty acid composition reflected the dietary fatty acid profiles. Protein levels of fatty acid synthase, but not mRNA levels, were lower in adipose tissue of all groups compared to the Lard group. Adiponectin and fatty acid receptors GPR41 and GPR43 protein levels were also altered, but other metabolic and inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue and serum were unchanged among groups. Overall, rats fed vegetable oil-or lard-based high-fat diets appear to be largely resistant to major phenotypic changes when the dietary fat composition is altered, providing little support for the importance of specific fatty acid profiles in the context of a high-fat diet.
The Journal of nutrition, 1977
Four experiments were conducted to investigate what influence methyl esters of Ci«:o, Ci8:o, Ci8:i, C18:2, and Cis-.a fatty acids exert on rat liver and adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis and related enzymes when supplemented to a fat-free diet (FF). A randomized complete block design, in which rats were matched for body weight and food intake, was utilized. Rats previously adapted to a meal-eating regimen (access to food from 0900 to 1200 hours ) were fed a FF-diet for 7 days prior to the addition of the respective dietary fatty acids. In experiments 1 to 3, all esters were supplemented at a level of 3% of the daily FF-diet allotment. The apparent absorbabilities of C18:0 and Ci8:u were determined to be 40% and 35%, while values for Ci8:i, GI«^,and Ci8:3 were 88%, 87%, and 89%, respec tively. In comparison to the FF dietary treatment, polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ci8:2 and C^s) were able in three of four experiments to reduce the rate of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and the activities of hepatic fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and malic enzyme (
Mediators of Inflammation, 2013
This study analyzed the effect of diet enriched with 30% lipids on cytokines content in different tissues. Swiss male mice were distributed into four groups treated for 8 weeks with control (C, normolipidic diet); soybean oil (S); lard (L); and hydrogenated vegetable fat (H). We observed an increase in carcass fat in groups S and L, and the total amount of fatty deposits was only higher in group L compared with C group. The serum levels of free fatty acids were lower in the L group, and insulin, adiponectin, lipid profile, and glucose levels were similar among the groups. IL-10 was lower in group L in mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissues. H reduced IL-10 only in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. There was an increase in IL-6 in the gastrocnemius muscle of the L group, and a positive correlation between TNF-and IL-10 was observed in the livers of groups C, L, and H and in the muscles of all groups studied. The results suggested relationships between the quantity and quality of lipids ingested with adiposity, the concentration of free fatty acids, and cytokine production in white adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and liver.