Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in North-Eastern region of India (original) (raw)
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A survey of canine tick-borne diseases in India
Background: There are few published reports on canine Babesia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Hepatozoon and haemotropic Mycoplasma infections in India and most describe clinical disease in individual dogs, diagnosed by morphological observation of the microorganisms in stained blood smears. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of canine tick-borne disease (TBD) pathogens using a combination of conventional and molecular diagnostic techniques in four cities in India.
Prevalence of tick infestation in dogs in and around Bhubaneswar
Veterinary World, 2013
Aim: To study the prevalence of tick infestation in dogs in and around Bhubaneswar. Materials and Methods: A total of 610 dogs (360 stray dogs & 250 pet dogs) in and around Bhubaneswar belonging to either sex were examined for tick infestation during a period of one year (Aug 2011-July 2012). Standard parasitological procedures were followed for collection, processing and identification of ticks. Result: 283 dogs (46.39%) were found positive for tick infestation with three different ixodid tick spp., viz. Rhipicephalus spp (39.51%), Boophilus spp.(4.92%) and Haemaphysalis spp. (1.97%) with many dogs having mixed infestations. Higher rate of incidence was recorded among stray dogs (58.33%) as compared to pet dogs (29.20%). Prevalence among dogs less than 1 year of age was higher (53.41%) than dogs above one year (45.21%). The overall percentage of incidence was higher (53.97%) among males than females (38.31%) in both stray and pet dogs. Influence of age and the variation due to sex on prevalence of tick infestations was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Highest percentage of prevalence (48.86%) was recorded during rainy season followed by summer season (40.39%) and lowest (32.24%) in winter. Influence of season on the prevalence of tick infestation was highly significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: Our study revealed the occurrence of three types of ixodid ticks in dogs with a prevalence of mixed infestation. Influence of age, sex and season on the prevalence of tick infestation was found to be significant.
Frontiers in veterinary science, 2024
Tick-borne pathogens are transmitted by a wide range of tick species and affect both human and animal health. Understanding the diversity of these pathogens and their co-infection rates in domesticated animals in urban areas is crucial for effective disease management and prevention. In this study, a total of 565 owned dogs in the central region of Thailand were investigated for the infection rate of three genera of Ehrlichia, Hepatozoon, and Babesia infection using multiplex PCR. The results revealed an overall infection rate of 19.1%, with Ehrlichia having the highest infection rate (12.2%), followed by Babesia (2.5%) and Hepatozoon (1.4%). The rate of co-infection was 3%, with mixed infections involving two or three genera. Male dogs exhibited a slightly higher infection rate compared to females, although not statistically significant. Young adult dogs (1-3 years) showed the highest infection rate of both single infections and co-infections. Monthly infection rate indicated variations throughout the year, with co-infection rate significantly associated with overall infection rate. Clinical manifestations in three genera of infected dogs included thrombocytopenia and eosinopenia. The results of this study are useful to design strategies for the management and prevention of tickborne diseases in the study area.
A study on prevalence of tick infestation in dogs in Guwahati, Assam
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2021
The present study was conducted with the objective to study the prevalence of tick infestation in dogs in Guwahati, Assam. A total of 10315 numbers of dogs were screened and tick infestation was recorded in 45 numbers of dogs. The overall prevalence of tick infestation in dog was recorded 0.43%. Age-wise prevalence was highest in 1 to 3 years (0.69%) age group. Male dogs were highly infested (0.63%). Among breeds the highest prevalence was recorded in the NonDescript dogs (0.80%). Monsoon (0.65%) was found to be the most favourable season for higher prevalence of tick infestation in dogs. The most common clinical sign associated with tick infestation is pruritus which is present in 100% of the cases. As per the distribution of ticks on different body regions of dogs, ear (73.30%) was found to be the most common site for attachment of ticks.
Veterinary World, 2014
Aim: An investigation on ticks and haemoparasites of dogs that belonged to Maiduguri metropolis (Borno State) was conducted. Materials and Methods: Survey of ticks and haemo-parasites on 400 stray dogs was conducted in Maiduguri from December 2009 to November 2011, using a stratified random sampling technique from different locations of the town. The town was divided into 10 districts out of which a total of 40 dogs were sampled at random from each district. Results: Four genera of ticks were identified on the infested dogs 384 (96.0), all of which belonged to the family Ixodidae (hard ticks). The genus Boophilus was predominant with a prevalence of 88.0%, Rhipicephalus 10.8%, Hyalomma 0.9% and Amblyomma 0.3% at (p ? 0.05). Dogs within the age-group of 6-12 months were the most infested, while those within the agegroup of 24-120 months were the least infested. Sex appeared to have a less significant influence (p > 0.05) on the prevalence of ticks among the dog population as females were more infested than the males. The perineum and the ear were the most commonly infested areas, with 328 (85.4%) and 252 (65.4%) respectively, while the scrotal and abdominal regions were the least infested areas 12 (3.1%) each. The month of August showed the highest mean tick burden of 462.5±3.2 ranging from 450-475, while the month of February showed the least number of ticks with a mean of 244.5±3.8 ranging from 239-250. Dogs found to be infected with Babesia canis are all harboring ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus. Female dogs were more infected (66.7%) with Babesia canis than their male counterparts (33.3%) (p ? 0.05) and dogs within the age group of 1-6 months were more infected. Conclusion: Prevalence of ticks on dogs in this study area is relatively high and the occurrence of Babesia species is vector dependent, with ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus sanguineous being the most common vector in transmission of the parasite. Seasons also play a vital role in the prevalence of ticks and their associated haemoparasites.
Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/ 10 T ICKS and tick-borne diseases have always been a problem for animals and humans. This study aimed at the effect of risk factors based on univariable analysis affecting the number of ticks parasitized on domestic dogs. This research began in April and ended in July 2019. Most ticks recognized based on morphology were belonged to Rhipicephalus sanguineus (45.76%) followed by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (32.85%), Hyalomma dromedarii (10.15%), Haemaphysalis spp. (7.01%), Hyalomma anatolicum (4.24%) respectively. Through the questionnaire, answers to various risk factors associated with tick infestation were discussed. It was revealed in the questionnaire results that most of the risk factors were recorded as non-significant (p>0.05) except tick infestation on the host animal. The paper is extracted from the first author's M.Phil Thesis.
Veterinary World, 2021
Background and Aim: Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are of great concern having the potential to threaten canine health. Dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Babesia canis, and Hepatozoon canis are commonly found in Thailand; Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick is the most common vector of diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of common TBPs in dogs and their ticks in Thailand using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing methods. Materials and Methods: Forty-four blood samples were positively diagnosed with TBPs infection by microscopy. Samples were from animal hospitals in Maha Sarakham, Amnat Charoen, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Bangkok, Thailand, during January-June 2020. Five to six ticks were also taken from infected dogs, and then, both blood and tick were analyzed using PCR and DNA sequencing. Results: PCR results showed that R. sanguineus was the only tick species detected in this study. The appearance of single infection with E. canis was the most common infection found in dogs and ticks (64% and 82%, respectively). Correlation of pathogen infection in hosts and their vector was performed by similarity detection of pathogens between blood and tick samples based on PCR analysis in 29 samples (66%) but there was no significant differentiation. Conclusion: E. canis appears as the most common canine tick-borne pathogen in Thailand, which was detected in both healthy and sick dogs as well as in R. sanguineus. The findings show the relationships among host dogs, pathogens, and ticks. Veterinarians should be proactive in educating pet owners about the risks associated with ticks and their important pathogens and plan effective control strategies.
A review of some tick-borne pathogens of dogs
Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2018
Ticks and tick-borne diseases have great economic and medical importance worldwide and they affect both animal and human health by sucking blood and also transmitting protozoan, bacterial, rickettsial, spirochetal and viral agents. Ticks can live in all regions of the world except Polar Regions. Tick-borne encephalitis Virus, Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, and Hepatozoonosis are important tick-borne diseases of dogs and they influence a great variety of other domestic and wild animals. Ticks are ectoparasites of mammals, birds and reptiles specializing as obligate blood sucking permanent ectoparasitic arthropods. As vector of important haemoparasitic disease, tick surpasses all other arthropods, apart from mosquitoes as diseases agents of humans and lead to poor performance of the animals. One or more of the approximately 840 known species of ticks are found in most terrestrial regions of the earth. Two major families of ticks are ixodidae (hard bodies ticks) and argasidae (soft bodies ticks), with ixodidae being the largest and most important family. These vectors such as Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus which are endemic in Nigeria, have affected the performance of dogs which are major human companions through their activities such as blood sucking, disease transmission, biting effect and causing listlessness through itching and scratching. The important pathogens dealt with in this study, include tick-borne encephalitis virus, Ehrlicia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Hepatozoon canis and Babesia canis. This review aims at to create better awareness on ticks and tick-borne pathogens of dogs providing latest knowledge on prevention and control of this menace.
Occurrence of tick-transmitted pathogens in dogs in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Parasites & Vectors, 2014
Background: Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia rossi, transmitted by Haemaphysalis elliptica in South Africa, has also been reported from Nigeria. Although H. leachi (sensu lato) is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, published literature on the occurrence of canine babesiosis is meagre. It has been postulated that the genotype of Babesia rossi Erythrocyte Membrane Antigen 1 (BrEMA1) may be linked to virulence of the specific isolate. The primary objective of this study was to detect and characterise tick-borne pathogens in dogs presented to a veterinary hospital using molecular techniques. In B. rossi-positive specimens, we aimed to determine whether the BrEMA1 gene occurred and to compare genotypes with those found in other isolates. Lastly, we wished to identify the tick species that were recovered from the sampled dogs.