Tobacco and public policy in the USA (original) (raw)

Policy Strategies: a Tobacco Control Guide

2014

The purpose of this guide series is to assist state and local tobacco control staff in building effective and sustainable comprehensive tobacco control programs. Each guide will address particular strategies and interventions that are part of state and local tobacco control programs and that have strong or promising evidence supporting their effectiveness. 1 Content This user guide focuses on the critical role that advancing evidence-based policy strategies plays in a comprehensive tobacco control program. According to best practices, communities must work to transform the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of tobacco users and nonusers by changing the way tobacco is promoted, sold, and used. 1 Advancing evidence-based policy strategies involves working with coalitions, the media, decision makers, business owners, and communities to create smoke-free environments, increase the cost of tobacco products, and restrict access to tobacco products. The development, implementation, and enforcement of such policies help make tobacco less affordable and protect kids by reducing initiation and promoting cessation. This guide provides tobacco control program managers with guidance on the best ways to incorporate evidencebased policy strategies in a comprehensive program. Organization This guide is organized into seven sections: 8 Making the Case-a brief overview of how tobacco control efforts benefit from implementing evidence-based policy strategies 8 A Brief History-how evidence-based policy strategies have been used in tobacco control 8 How to-ways to implement evidence-based policy strategies 8 Providing Support-how state tobacco control programs can support efforts to implement evidence-based policy strategies 8 Case Studies-real world examples of how to implement evidence-based policy strategies or improve existing policy strategies 8 Conclusion: Case for Investment-information needed to raise awareness of the effectiveness of evidence-based policy strategies 8 Resources-publications, toolkits, and websites to help in planning efforts Guide to the Reader Policy Strategies: A Tobacco Control Guide I Page 2 Why Implement Evidence-Based Policies? E ffective tobacco control policies are fundamental to the success of comprehensive tobacco control programs. These efforts should focus on promoting evidence-based policies at the local, state, and federal levels. The policy changes that result can greatly reduce tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke. 2,3 Benefits of these policies include: 8 Policies lay the groundwork for future public health interventions. Strong tobacco control policies are the outcome of thousands of local and state efforts. 2 Without tobacco control proponents working to implement evidence-based policies, it is doubtful that communities would have advanced public health goals such as protecting youth and making tobacco less affordable. 4,5 8 Policies affect large segments of the population.

New Directions in Tobacco Control

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 2001

THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) ESTIMATES THAT 4 MILLION people will die of tobacco-related illness in 2001 and that this number will climb to 10 million per year by the 2020s. 1 Despite this overwhelming mortality, a significant gap exists between the scientific consensus on the dangers of tobacco use and the political reality of what governments have been able to achieve in terms of tobacco control. Last year, a US Supreme Court judgment stripped the Food and Drug Administration of its authority to regulate tobacco. The past few months have revealed a more insidious setback: a recent study found that the $206 billion master settlement agreement between 46 states and the tobacco industry, which was designed to fund a nationwide campaign to curb tobacco use, has had little effect on cigarette advertising in magazines and on the exposure of young people to these advertisements. 2 Tobacco control involves both politics and science-and since the scientific evidence supporting tobacco regulation is sound and well documented, this suggests that there has been a breakdown in the political process. The health sector and its allied antitobacco forces have been stymied in their efforts to bring about enactment of effective tobacco control measures. While the consensus opinion of the medical community about tobacco-related mortality reflects the strength of epidemiologic and scientific evidence, this opinion does not prescribe any assured method for effecting political change. Having conclusively established the harm that results from tobacco use, the medical community must now find political direction in its antitobacco initiative if it is to be effective.

Progression of Tobacco Control Policies: Lessons from the United States and Implications for Global

2008

This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Family (HNP) of the World Bank's Human Development Network. The papers in this series aim to provide a vehicle for publishing preliminary and unpolished results on HNP topics to encourage discussion and debate. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. Citation and the use of material presented in this series should take into account this provisional character. For free copies of papers in this series please contact the individual author(s) whose name appears on the paper. Enquiries about the series and submissions should be made directly to the Editor, Homira Nassery (Hnassery@worldbank.org). Submissions should have been previously reviewed and cleared by the sponsoring department, which will bear the cost of publication. No additional reviews will be undertaken after submission. The sponsoring department and author(s) bear full responsibility for the quality of the technical contents and presentation of material in the series.

Tobacco Control in the United States--Recent Progress And Opportunities

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2009

Effective tobacco control efforts have resulted in substantial declines in tobacco use and tobacco-related cancer deaths in the United States. Nearly 40% of reductions in male lung cancer deaths between 1991 and 2003 can be attributed to smoking declines in the last half century. Nevertheless, tobacco use still remains the single, largest preventable cause of disease and premature death in the United States. Each year, smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke result in nearly half a million premature deaths of which nearly one-third are due to cancer. In a previous report, we described youth and adult smoking prevalence and patterns and discussed policy measures that had proven effective in comprehensive tobacco control. In this report, we update trends in youth and adult smoking prevalence. We find that while adult smoking prevalence has declined overall, socioeconomic gradients in smoking still persist within race and ethnic subgroups. In addition, we describe the diffusion of tobacco-control strategies at the national, state, and community level. Although recent developments, such as the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) regulation of tobacco products, hold promise for tobacco control, there continues to be a need for broader dissemination of sustainably funded comprehensive national and state tobacco-control programs.

Historical Overview of Tobacco Legislation and Regulation

Journal of Social Issues, 2010

Page 1. Journal oJ'SOL.~(I/ Issues. Vol. 53. No. I . 1997. i~p. 75-95 Historical Overview of Tobacco Legislation and Regulation Peter D. Jacobson University of Michigan Jeffrey Wasserman and John R. Anderson RAND Corporcrtiorz, Suntu Monico, Cuf(toniiu ...