NANOPARTICLE BASED BIOSENSOR FOR PENICILLIN QUANTIFICATION IN PHARMACEUTICALS Original Article (original) (raw)
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Nanoparticle Based Biosensor for Penicillin Quantification in Pharmaceuticals
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2019
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a new biosensor system based on nanoparticle to determine penicillin in pharmaceuticals. Methods: The characterization and optimization of the potentiometric penicillin biosensor (PB) were prepared by using synthesized surface-dependent and surface-independent ZnO nanoparticles named ZnO nanorods and chitosan were carried out. It was preferred ZnO nanorod because of its electrical, optical, physical and photocatalyst properties, biocompatibility and non-toxicity in the construction of the penicillin biosensor. Results: The operating range was obtained as 10-1-10-3M, the optimum buffer concentration was 10 mmol, optimum pH was 7.4 and the optimum temperature was 25 °C for the PB. The PB has advantages in terms of short response time, long enough shelf life, cheap, and easy elaborate. Conclusion: Whether the biosensor can be used to determine penicillin and accurately measure penicillin, the amount of penicillin in a commercial pha...
ZnO Nanorods Based Enzymatic Biosensor for Selective Determination of Penicillin
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In this study, we have successfully demonstrated the fabrication of a biosensor based on well aligned single-crystal zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods which were grown on gold coated glass substrate using a low temperature aqueous chemical growth (ACG) method. The ZnO nanorods were immobilized with penicillinase enzyme using the physical adsorption approach in combination with N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide (ANB-NOS) as cross linking molecules. The potentiometric response of the sensor configuration revealed good linearity over a large logarithmic concentration range from 100 µM to 100 mM. During the investigations, the proposed sensor showed a good stability with high sensitivity of ~121 mV/decade for sensing of penicillin. A quick electrochemical response of less than 5 s with a good selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility and a negligible response to common interferents such as Na 1+ , K 1+ , d-glucose, l-glucose, ascorbic acid, uric acid, urea, sucrose, lactose, glycine, penicilloic acid and cephalosporins, was observed.
International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2018
This paper describes the preparation and application of "home-made" iodide ISE enriched with ZnO nanoparticles. Iodide ISE membrane was made of AgI:Ag 2 S:PTFE = 1:1:2 and enriched with ZnO nanoparticles in ratio 1-5.0 wt.%. Prepared membranes were used for penicillamine (Pen) determination in acetic buffer (pH = 4-4.75) and in perchloric acid (pH = 1-2). Due to the low price method, simplicity and relative speed, a possibility for Pen determination was found. Pen determination showed better results in an acetic buffer, pH = 4 than in perchloric acid. All experiments for Pen measurements were done without pretreatment of pharmaceuticals. The determination is based on the reaction between Pen with both Ag + and Zn 2+ from the electrode membrane. A newly described method has linear response range for Pen 2.45×10 −6-1×10 −2 mol L −1 and a detection limit of 2.24×10 −6 mol L −1. The found concentrations of Pen are in a very good agreement with the declared ones with the standard deviation of 2.70 %.
A Penicillin Biosensor by Using Silver Nanoparticles
Based enzymatic biosensor for selective detect of penicillin by using silver nanoparticles designed. Convergence of bioelectrochemistry and nanotechnology improved duty of novel biosensors. Here silver nanoparticles used to facilitate electron exchange between biosensor elements and investigated with XRD, TEM and size distribution techniques and the mean size of the silver nanoparticles was around 90 ± 10 nm. Main equation for this research was: Penicillin + H 2 O = penicilloate − + H 1+. The electrochemical evaluations applying the potentiometric method were carried out for different penicillin G salt concentrations varying from 100 μM to 100 mM made in a buffer solution at pH 7.4. The tested sensor configuration showed a wide linear dynamic range for the output response vs. the logarithmic concentration of penicillin G salt solution. To investigate the reproducibility of the given sensor, we examined the potentiometric reply of all five sensor electrodes in 5, 10, 20 and 30 mM penicillin solutions also the relative standard deviation was detected to be less than 4%.
It is crucial to monitor the antibiotic levels in the environment like water, food products in the current scenario as the antibiotic concentration above threshold is harmful for the human health. Excess consumption of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance that hinders the control and cure of microbial diseases. So, these challenges motivated to devise an optical nano-senor which can sense the ultra-low concentration of antibiotics. In this proposed research work, emphasis is to develop a method which is simple and selective to analyze the detection and presence of antibiotics in various samples like tape water milk etc. using fluorescent ZnO QDs based nano-sensor. For this, fluorescent and different polymers (polyvinylalcohol – PVA and polyvinylpyrrolidine – PVP) capped ZnO QDs were synthesized using modified sol-gel technique. These were used as fluorescent probe to monitor the presence of antibiotics. The optical characterizations of synthesized QDs were performed using UV-V...
2010
A sensitive penicillin potentiometric biosensor was developed for the detection of s-lactam antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations and in milk. This study outlines the approaches undertaken for the immobilisation of penicillinase (P'nase) in a number of polymer matrices. The first approach involved the immobilisation of P'nase in polypyrrole (PPy) by galvanostatic polymerisation of pyrrole (Py). The optimum conditions established for the formation of these films were 0.03 M Py, 50 U/mL P'nase, an applied current density of 0.9 mA/cm2, polymerisation time of 40 s and 0.01 M penicillin (Pen) in the monomer solution. The incorporation of Pen in the monomer solution is important for the attainment of a steady state response. The biosensor was applied to raw milk samples spiked with penicillin G, as well as 3 different antibiotics, namely; abocillin 125 mg, flucoxacillin 500 mg and amoxycillin 875 mg. The use of a PPy bilayer configuration was also investigated as a means...
Potentiometric biosensor for control of biotechnological production of penicillin G
Analytica Chimica Acta, 1998
A pH-membrane electrode with tridodecylamine as a hydrogen ion-selective ionophore was used for the construction of a biosensor for the benzylpenicillin determination. The electrode was enzymatically modi®ed by covalent binding of penicillinase directly to the membrane surface. The high sensitivity and short response time of the biosensor allow its application in¯ow injection analysis (FIA). Up to 30 samples per hour can be analyzed in the¯ow system. The FIA system with the biosensor was successfully used for the determination of penicillin G in fermentation broth. An optimized analytical procedure results in minimization of interferences from pH and buffer capacity of the real samples. No interferences from inorganic, organic and bioorganic components present in the fermentation medium were observed. An important advantage of the presented analytical system is the long-term stability due to the long lifetime of the biosensor. Consequently fermentation bioprocesses can be controlled using the same biosensor for about two months. Due to the high sensitivity and selectivity, the presented method for the penicillin determination in real biotechnological samples gives analytical results comparable to those obtained using methods recommended by pharmacopoeias.
Fabrication of a highly sensitive penicillin sensor based on charge transfer techniques
Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2009
A highly sensitive penicillin biosensor based on a charge-transfer technique (CTTPS) has been fabricated and demonstrated in this paper. CTTPS comprised a charge accumulation technique for penicilloic acid and H + ions perception system. With the proposed CTTPS, it is possible to amplify the sensing signals without external amplifier by using the charge accumulation cycles. The fabricated CTTPS exhibits excellent performance for penicillin detection and exhibit a high-sensitivity (47.852 mV/mM), high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), large span (1445 mV), wide linear range (0-25 mM), fast response time (<3 s), and very good reproducibility. A very lower detection limit of about 0.01 mM was observed from the proposed sensor. Under optimum conditions, the proposed CTTPS outstripped the performance of the widely used ISFET penicillin sensor and exhibited almost eight times greater sensitivity as compared to ISFET (6.56 mV/mM). The sensor system is implemented for the measurement of the penicillin concentration in penicillin fermentation broth.
Penicillinase-based amperometric biosensor for penicillin G
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A biosensor for penicillin G was created by immobilizing penicillinase to a gold electrode by means of a cysteine self-assembled monolayer. The biosensor amperometrically monitored the catalytic hydrolysis of penicillin in a very sensible manner. Furthermore, it was successfully used to measure the Michaelis-Menten enzymatic constant and a low limit of detection of 4.5 nM was obtained.