On Rabbits and Christology (original) (raw)

'When does an animal become a beast? The role of semantics in the representation of other animals in religion.'

The human-animal rapport has been a very genuine, honest and instinctive one in early human communities and in most indigenous societies (Grim, 2006;Serpell 2006; Hobgood-Oster, 2007) as much as it has evolved into a very complicated and problematic one with the growing and transforming of human culture into capitalistic industrialized societies, and this evolution has been represented and narrated in mythology and religious writings throughout human history. “The narrative thought”, in Carrithers’s terms, “consists not merely in telling stories, but of understanding complex nets of deeds and attitudes” (Carrithers, 1990 p.189) and the expression of moral and religious dogmas through language has had a crucial role in the human cognitive and emotional approach and relation to other animals throughout human history and spirituality. In this paper we intend to explore the role of semantics, in particular logical semantics, especially concerned with the presupposition and implication of language, as an important and sometimes crucial agent in the determination of the animal moral status in human society. In particular we would like to analyse the dichotomy created by the use of the term animal versus the term beast and how we believe it could be indiscriminately applied to both humans and other animals, from a religious and moral point of view

Religious Language : A New Look at an Old Problem

2005

IN WHAT FOLLOWS, I WILL BE PROPOSING A VIEW of religious language which, so far as I know, has not been advocated in any of the recent discussions of that topic. The view I shall be defending is that talk about God as exemplified in Scripture, the traditional confessions, and even theology, should be regarded as quite ordinary language. It should not, in my view, be seen as requiring some sort of extended analogy, or special symbolism unique to itself, in order to understand the possibility of its truth. This should not be taken to mean that religious language is always to be taken literally so far as its meaning is concerned. Like all other ordinary language, it employs many styles and figures of speech, and occurs in many literary forms and types. Determining the intent of its author on linguistic and historical grounds is paramount for ascertaining the correct interpretation of , such talk. But I will contend that neither its meaning nor the possibility of its truth require that ...

The logic and language of the incarnation : towards a Christology of identification

1993

of Thesis This thesis provides an examination of the contemporary discussion of incarnational language as its receives classical expression in the formulations of the Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D. with a view to developing an incarnational account based on God’s identification with desus of Nazareth. With this in view consideration is given to a number of contemporary defences of the logic of Chalcedon viewed as a literal statement of identity. It is argued that such defences fail in that they carry over the tensions inherent in Chalcedon unresolved into their own positions. From this conclusion consideration is given to the criticism that incarnational language is not literal but metaphorical. This is agreed, but an argument is offered to show that metaphors can refer and bear cognitive information and as such are capable of conceptual articulation. It is further argued that there is an important class of metaphors which are ’theory-constitutive’ such that the theoretical claims...

Dogmatics After Babel: Beyond the Theologies of Word and Culture

Dogmatics After Babel: Beyond the Theologies of Word and Culture, 2018

Within the Western Christian tradition two distinct methodological approaches dominate the contemporary theological landscape: (1) the anthropological approach embodied in Paul Tillich’s theology of culture, and (2) the revelational approach originating in Karl Barth’s critical retrieval of orthodoxy. The proposed monograph will articulate a pneumatological approach that seeks to ground knowledge of God in human participation in the divine act of self-communication, thereby overcoming the dichotomy between revelation and experience characterizing the methodological divide separating Tillich and Barth and their respective intellectual progeny. The “theologian of culture” (examples include David Tracy, Sallie McFague, Rosemary Radford Ruether, and Gordon Kaufman) begins with an examination of the historical and social context of the believing community, then seeks to ascertain the meaning of God’s message for the present human situation through a method of correlation by which the universal concerns of the human condition find expression in the particular symbols of the Christian faith. By contrast, the “church theologian” (figures like Hans W. Frei, George Lindbeck, Stanley Haurwaus, and John Milbank) eschews the particularities of human culture, focusing primarily on God’s message as revealed in Scripture (and to a lesser extent, the Christian tradition), before addressing the culture in which the church is located. The critique raised by the anthropological model about the revelational approach is that it perpetuates a “supranaturalist” theology in which Scripture stands outside of culture, thus shielded from criticism by culture, while the critique of the anthropological approach by more church-centered theologians is that, in its efforts to make the Christian faith relevant to culture, theologies of culture undermine the uniqueness of God’s self-revelation in Jesus Christ. This monograph argues that, despite methodological differences, both anthropological and revelational schools of thought are located within the Western, primarily European and North American, intellectual tradition, and both are responding to the post-Enlightenment atheistic rejection of Christianity manifested in the works of Ludwig Feuerbach, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Appealing to the work of liberationist, feminist, and other contextual theologians, the proposed book moves systematic/constructive theology beyond the anthropological and revelational impasse by articulating a doctrine of revelation grounded in pneumatology that overcomes the perceived divides between scripture and tradition, Christ and culture, revelation and reason. However, since the forces of globalization have made interaction between the world’s major religions an inescapable fact of life, dogmatic reflection also demands clarity on the relationship of Christianity to other faiths. Consequently, the monograph also undertakes theological reflection on the doctrine of revelation by means of a comparative analysis of Christian, Jewish and Muslim beliefs. Avoiding the dichotomy between anthropological and revelational approaches is possible when revelation—understood as God’s self-disclosure—is not limited to the written Word or to one particular interpretive tradition, but is understood as a divine act mediated by and experienced through the work of the Spirit. In other words, revelation understood as (sacramental) encounter. This avenue of exploration (1) challenges the notion that revelation is an event in the past that ended with the closing of the biblical canon, (2) engages the Pentecostal movement’s affirmation that the infinite grace of the self-revealing God is made manifest in new works of the Spirit, and (3) demonstrates how an emphasis on the work of the Spirit makes doctrinal conversation possible among Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In all three Abrahamic religions some variance of the doctrine of the hiddenness of God leads to the conclusion that the full mystery of God cannot be contained by human theological formulations. Complementarily, affirming that there is one God, that this God is known primarily through God’s own action, and that even in God’s self-disclosure God is not fully known but remains mystery, demands a conception of theology as an imperfect human endeavor. However, while the claims of theology are viewed as limited, open-ended, and subject to continual revision, this in no way undermines the ontological ground (God) that gives rise to the human hermeneutical enterprise in the first place.