Fault Ride-Through Techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Turbines (PMSG-WTGs): A Systematic Literature Review (original) (raw)
Fault Ride Through Technique for DFIG-based Wind Turbines Under Grid Three-phase Faults
2018
In modern power systems with increasing penetration of wind turbines (WTs), improvement of low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of WTs equipped with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) is an important topic. Thus, this paper proposes an LVRT strategy and compares its performance with a widely used conventional LVRT strategy. The proposed strategy is designed with a capacitor connected in series with an inductor and both are connected in parallel to a resistor. This configuration is then connected to the ac side of the rotor side converter (RSC) via an R-L circuit. To validate the performance of the proposed scheme, three phase fault condition is simulated and analysed. Based on simulation results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink, there is significant improvement achieved in the stated objectives compared to the conventional LVRT scheme.
An improved fault ride-through strategy for doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbines
Iet Renewable Power Generation, 2008
Keeping the generators operating during transient grid faults becomes an obligation for the bulk wind generation units connected to the transmission network and it is highly desired for distribution wind generators. A proposed scheme is implemented to keep the wind-power DFIG operating during transient grid faults. Challenges imposed on the generator configuration and the control during the fault and recovering periods are presented. A comprehensive time domain model for the DFIG with the decoupled dq controller is implemented using Matlab/Simulink software. Intensive simulation results are discussed to ensure the validity and feasibility of the proposed fault ride through technique. The scheme protects the DFIG components, fulfills the grid code requirements and optimises the hardware added to the generator. Different strategies have been presented through literatures to achieve reasonable FRT for wind turbine
IET Renewable Power Generation, 2018
Fault-ride-through (FRT) is an imperative capability in wind turbines (WTs) to ensure grid security and transient stability. However, doubly fed induction generator-based WTs (DFIG-WTs) are susceptible to disturbances in grid voltage, and therefore require supplementary protection to ensure nominal operation. The recent amendments in grid code requirements to ensure FRT capability has compelled this study of various FRT solutions. Therefore, for improving FRT capability in pre-installed WTs, re-configuration using external retrofit-based solutions is more suitable and generally adapted. The most relevant external solutions based on retrofitting available are classified as (a) protection circuit and storage-based methods and (b) flexible alternating current transmission system-based reactive power injection methods. However, for new DFIG-WT installations, internal control modification of rotor-side converter (RSC) and grid-side converter (GSC) controls are generally preferred. The solutions based on modifications in RSC and GSC control of DFIG-WT are classified as (a) traditional control techniques and (b) advanced control techniques. This study ensures to curate and compare the FRT solutions available based on external retrofitting-based solutions and internal control modifications. Also, the future trends in FRT augmentation of DFIG-WTs are discussed in this study.
Enhanced Crowbar Protection for Fault Ride through Capability of Wind Generation Systems
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2016
Due to increasing demand in power, the integration of renewable sources like wind generation into power system is gaining much importance nowadays. The heavy penetration of wind power into the power system leads to many integration issues mainly due to the intermittent nature of the wind and the desirability for variable speed operation of the generators. As the wind power generation depends on the wind speed, its integration into the grid has noticeable influence on the system stability and becomes an important issue especially when a fault occurs on the grid. The protective disconnection of a large amount of wind power during a fault will be an unacceptable consequence and threatens the power system stability. With the increasing use of wind turbines employing Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) technology, it becomes a necessity to investigate their behavior during grid faults and support them with fault ride through capability. This paper presents the modeling and simulation o...
Fault ride-through enhancement of wind turbines in distribution networks
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2013
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Fault Ride through Capability Analysis of Wind Turbine with Doubly Fed Induction Generator
2021
Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) has a stator winding directly coupled with grid. Whereas, rotor winding is connected via a fault-prone back to back power converters. DFIG is known to be vulnerable to the grid faults. In early times, when a fault occurred, these generators were required to disconnect from the grid to secure the generator and power converters. However, due to the increased penetration of wind turbines into the power system, grid operators demanded that the wind turbines remain connected to the grid, as disconnecting them would further disrupt the grid. When a fault at the grid terminal occur, a high stator current is induced which further result in high rotor current. This current will trigger the DC-link voltage to rise. This high currents and DC-link voltage will cause harm to the converters. Thus, in this paper work, the crowbar protection system is employed for protecting the converters against excess energy. Furthermore, the analysis of DFIG is rendered by ...
Frontiers in Energy Research, 2021
This study investigates the transient performance of two variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs), namely doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), that are widely employed in wind energy conversion, considering their machine parameters. The machine parameters of both wind turbines were changed considering different scenarios, while keeping other parameters constant, to study the behavior of the wind generators. This study was carried out using the same operating conditions of rated wind speed, based on the characteristics of both wind turbine technologies. The wind turbines were subjected to a severe three phase to ground bolted fault to test the robustness of their controllers during grid fault conditions. Efforts were made to carry out an extensive comparative study to investigate the machine parameters that have more influence on the stability of the different wind turbines considered in this study. Simulations were carried out using power system computer-aided design and electromagnetic transient including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC). Effective machine parameter selection could help solve fault ride-through (FRT) problems cost-effectively for both VSWTs, without considering the external circuitry of and changing the original architecture of the wind turbines.
Journal of Central South University, 2019
A novel fault ride-through strategy for wind turbines, based on permanent magnet synchronous generator, has been proposed. The proposed strategy analytically formulates the reference current signals, disregarding grid fault type and utilizes the whole system capacity to inject the reactive current required by grid codes and deliver maximum possible active power to support grid frequency and avoid generation loss. All this has been reached by taking the grid-side converter's phase current limit into account. The strategy is compatible with different countries' grid codes and prevents pulsating active power injection, in an unbalanced grid condition. Model predictive current controller is applied to handling rapid transients. During faults, the energy storage system maintains DC-link voltage, which causes voltage fluctuations to be eliminated, significantly. A fault ride-through strategy was proposed for PMSG-based wind turbines, neglecting fault characteristics, second, reaching maximum possible grid support in faulty grid conditions, while avoiding over-current and third, considerable reduction in energy storage system size and power rating. Inspiring simulations have been carried out through MATLAB/SIMULINK to validate the feasibility and competency of the proposed fault ride-through method and efficiency of the entire control system.
2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech: Innovative Ideas Toward the Electrical Grid of the Future, 2009
The continuous growth of wind energy integration on electrical networks has led many utilities to impose fault ridethrough capability to wind farms. This means that wind turbines must remain connected to the system during severe fault occurrence. Regarding the existing wind farms equipped with fixed speed induction generators directly connected to the grid, fault ride-through capability is commonly assisted with dynamic compensation devices, such as DSTATCOM units. These power electronic devices are controlled for voltage regulation purposes and behave like a balanced three-phase voltage source converter since commonly used control techniques are based only on the positive sequence of both voltage and current measured at its connection point. These control techniques are suitable only when compensation devices are operated under balanced conditions and therefore its performance when facing unbalanced faults needs to be evaluated. This paper tackles with this subject and the results obtained through numerical simulations demonstrate that over voltages can arise on non faulty phases leading to the wind farm disconnection.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015
This paper presents an over-review of various strategies applied to enhance the fault ride-through (FRT) capability of the doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) based wind turbines (WTs) during transientstate. As the DFIG based WT system is sensitive to any grid disturbance, various FRT techniques based on: (i) installation of additional protection circuits, (ii) installation of reactive power injecting-devices and (iii) specific control approaches/structures have been proposed in the literature. Usually, the protection circuits or control structures are applied to limit the generated rotor over-current and undesirable dclink over-voltage during grid disturbance. Meanwhile, the reactive power injecting-devices surpass any deficiency of the reactive power so as to improve the transient performance of the DFIG based WT and automatically bound the rotor current and the dc-link voltage. Actually, many research findings demonstrate an efficient protection of the DFIG without jeopardizing its operating strategy during transient-state. Therefore, this study focuses on emphasizing the present status of the rotor over-current and dc-link over-voltage protection solutions e.g. the crowbar and its related protection circuits, the reactive power injecting-devices such as the static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). Moreover, some control (modified) approaches/structures for limiting the inrush rotor currents which are based on linear and nonlinear control strategies are presented. Following the description of the overall system characteristics under steady-state and transient-state in the d-q axis, various protection strategies are extensively discussed to reveal their role to improve the FRT. Then, typical case studies are presented to demonstrate and support the reviewed FRT schemes. In that case, using the simulation results from the MATLAB/Simulink software the effectiveness of each case study during network faults are analyzed and compared.