Pomological evaluation of some genotypes of figs (Ficus carica L.) (original) (raw)
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2019
This study reports the main phenolic compounds, as well as phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in nine sun-dried fig cultivars with different skin color, originating from South-Eastern and Middle-Eastern Tunisia. For all evaluated parameters, a considerable variability with high significant differences was observed among the cultivars studied. Dark fruits exhibited a higher total polyphenol contents (201.77 mg GAE/100g DM in cultivar Saoudi Douiret) compared to green fruits (73.74 mg GAE/100g DM in cultivar Bayoudhi Douiret). Fatty acid methyl esters, identified by GC-MS, distinguished the presence of (C16: 0), (C18: 1), ((C18: 2) 9, 12), ((C18: 3) 9, 12, 15) and (C20: 0). Strong correlations between the amounts of total phenolics, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids and antioxidant capacity were found. A principal component analysis showed three groups of cultivars regarding their similarity level.
Phytochemical Attributes of Some Dried Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruit Cultivars Grown in Iran
2017
In the present study, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total antioxidant capacity, total soluble solids, colour parameters (such as L*, a*, b*, C*, and H°) and phenolic compounds, including catechin, total catechin, quercetin-3- glucoside, total quercetin, and chlorogenic acid of nine dried fig fruit cultivars in Fars province, Iran, were studied since only limited information on that topic is available in the literature. Results showed that the total phenolic content in ‘Khafrak’ cultivar was significantly higher than other examined cultivars. Regarding to the values of total antioxidant capacity, there were no statistically significant differences among the majority of cultivars except between ‘Khafrak’ and ‘Rowno’. Except for ‘Khafrak’ and ‘Rowno’, TF content in ‘Sigoto’ was significantly higher than the other examined cultivars. Anthocyanin content in all cultivars was negligible and it was not detected in some cultivars. Based on colorimetric results, the l...
2021
The natural and ubiquitous production of figs throughout Turkey makes it one of the most important centers of fig genetic resources. The current study aims to determine the most important phytochemical ingredients of a local variety of fig (Ficus carica L.) collected from the natural habitats in the province of Kahramanmaras at different harvest intervals in 2018. The fruit samples were assayed for various metabolites such as phenolic compounds, total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total anthocyanins (TA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results showed that epicatechin (7.809 mg/100 g FW) was dominant phenolic compound in the fruits of this variety, followed by myricetin (2.632 mg/100 g FW), kaempferol (2.396 mg/100 g FW) and quercetin (0.655 mg/100 g FW). The average values obtained for TP, TF, TA, and TAC were found to be 135.71 mg GAE/100 g FW, 188.20 mg/100 g FW, 54.65 ml/L, and 14.34 DPPH%, respectively. There were also observed significant differences in total p...
Molecules
In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the m...
Scientia Horticulturae, 2011
a b s t r a c t Fig has been a typical fruit component of the health-promoting Mediterranean diet for a very long time. Phytochemical characters and antioxidant capacity of green-, yellow-, brown-, purple-, and black-fruited fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions were investigated. In this study, total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanins (TA), fructose (FRUC), glucose (GLUC), sucrose (SUC), and variables (such as L*, a*, C*, and hue • ) describing fruit skin colors were examined. Also, the antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fig fruits was determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the polyphenol and anthocyanin (r = 0.74 and 0.63, respectively) contents of fruits. Black fig accessions had the highest TAC (range of 7.9-16.1, mean 12.4 Fe 2+ mmol/kg FW), TA (range of 32.3-356.0, mean 128.4 g cy-3-rutinoside/g FW), and TP content (range of 69.1-220.0, mean 118.9 mg GAE/100 g FW). These black-fruited accessions had 2-fold greater TAC, 15-fold greater TA, and 2.5-fold greater TP than green and yellow fig accessions. However, the FRUC, GLUC, and SUC content of brown and purple fig accessions were higher than those of other color groups. The predominant sugars present were fructose (∼56%) and glucose (∼43%), as determined by HPLC.
Antioxidant Activity of Some Dried Autochthonous Albanian Fig (Ficus carica) Cultivars
International journal of crop science and technology, 2015
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the phytochemical character and total antioxidant capacity of sun-dried autochthonous fig cultivars commercially most known in Albania. Samples of five fig cultivars such as Roshnik, Rotllar, Bishtgjati, Melacak, and Perdhikuli, respectively cultivated in Berat, Tirana, Elbasan, Shkodra and Himara in Albania, were taken under consideration. The methanol extracts of dried fruits of each autochthonous fig cultivars were analysed to determine their total polyphenols content, anthocyanin and flavonoids content; the antioxidant activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), was evaluated too. The data obtained showed that the samples had total polyphenols content varied from 45.24-160.42 GAE mg/100 g DW of sample, the anthocyanin from 0.0-5.32 mg cyn-3-glu/100 g DW of the sample and flavonoids from 18.31-36.95 mg (+) catechin/100 g DW of the sample. Antioxidant activity expressed as DPPH varied from 387-825 mol TE/100 g DW of sample, while ABTS values ranged from 309-886 mol AAE/100 g DW of sample. The result of this study are the first data published for autochthonous Albanian fig cultivars, and showed that the selected dried fig are a good source of antioxidants. The results of this study are the first data published for autochthonous Albanian fig cultivars, and showed that the selected dried figs are a good source of antioxidants. There were seen significant differences between dark and light fig cultivars in total polyphenolic, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity. The data obtained are similar to other studies about sun dried figs.
Assessment of Morphological Traits and Fruit Metabolites in Eleven Fig Varieties (Ficus Carica L.)
International Journal of Fruit Science, 2020
In the present study, morphological traits, organic acids, sugars, total phenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total anthocyanidins, antioxidant activity and color parameters such as lightness (L*), Chroma (c*) and hue angle (h°) were investigated in 11 local and introduced fig cultivars cultivated in Moroccan climate. Since only limited information on that topic is available in the literature, this study was performed in order to compare local clones with some of introduced varieties based on their morphological and biochemical attributes. Results showed highly significant differences among genotypes. The cultivar 'Kadota' had the most promising morphological traits. Reducing sugars levels were slightly similar among all cultivars. Thus, glucose varied from 5.55 ± 0.27 to 29.94 ± 0.81 g.kg −1 dw, while fructose amounts were in the range of 6.23 ± 0.28-28.15 ± 0.78 g.kg −1 dw. 'Palmera' exhibited the highest level of Malic acid (4.99 ± 0.2 g.kg −1). The latter was predominant in all cultivars. Total phenols, flavonoids and total anthocyanins were, generally, abundant in dark-colored cultivars, while total proanthocyanidins were dominant in lightcolored ones. The local cultivars 'Fassi' and 'Noukali' contained the highest amounts of total phenols and total anthocyanins, respectively (524.74 ± 35.9 mg GAE 100 g −1 dw and 23.77 ± 6.41 cyanidin-3-rutinoside/100 g dw). Free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS) was, generally, higher in light-colored figs, while, ferric reducing ability (FRAP) was generally higher in dark skin-colored cultivars. The study confirmed the effectiveness of combining morphological and biochemical analyses in fig assessment and its use pre-breeding programs of the species in Morocco.
LC‐QTOF characterization of non‐anthocyanic flavonoids in four Tunisian fig varieties
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2018
Flavonoids are compounds characterized by antioxidant activity, and their intake in the human diet is considered useful for health and nutrition. Non‐anthocyanic flavonoids in 4 different types of Tunisian figs belonging to the smyrna‐type Ficus carica varieties known as Kholi, Tchich Asal, Himri, and Bidhi were studied by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry UHPLC‐QqTOF. Twenty‐two compounds belonging to the classes of flavanones (naringenin and eriodictyol), flavones (3 apigenin and 5 luteolin derivatives), and flavonols (2 kaempferol and 7 quercetin derivatives) were identified. Three O‐methoxy flavonols (tamarixetin, syringetin, and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐glucoside) were found in figs for the first time. Total content of non‐anthocyanic flavonoids found in dark varieties (between 410 and 830 mg/kg) show that these F. carica are fruits qualitatively and quantitatively rich of dietary polyphenols.
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2012
Fruit skin color, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and total antioxidant capacity in fresh fruits of a number of local and well-known fig (Ficus carica L.) genotypes and cultivars grown in northeastern Turkey were determined. TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays were used to determine total antioxidant capacity. Fruit skin color of genotypes were found to be very diverse, i.e., light green, light purple, purple, dark purple and black. The content of total phenolics, soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity greatly varied in the range from 24 to 237 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g fresh weight, 18.60 to 26.30 % and 0.16 to 0.47 % in local genotypes and studied cultivars. In general, total antioxidant capacities determined by two methods expressed higher values in the local fig genotypes compared with the cultivars. The results suggested that genotype is the main factor that determines difference in the composition of bioactive compounds in figs and provide information on putative health benefits locally grown genotypes.