Low Medication Knowledge and Adherence to Oral Chronic Medications among Patients Attending Community Pharmacies: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Low-Income Country (original) (raw)
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Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice
Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators manual, the patients' knowledge on dispensed medication is a crucial patient care indicator. There is a dearth of studies about patients' knowledge of dispensed medication at the primary health care facility. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of dispensed medication and associated factors among patients attending in the outpatient pharmacy of Chencha primary level hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 403 patients attending in the outpatient pharmacy of Chencha primary level hospital. The data collection techniques were observation of dispensing process and face-to-face interview by using WHO patient care indicators and a structured questionnaire, respectively. Descriptive statistics, univariable and multivariable logistic regression were determined using the SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 403 patients participated which make the response rate 100%. Fifty-three (13.2%) patients had adequate knowledge on dispensed medication. The findings of multivariable logistic regression indicated that tertiary levels of education (AOR = 3.87; 95% CI [1.25, 11.96]), being private employee (AOR = 10.98; 95% CI [3.25, 37.04]), having severe perception of illness (AOR =3.77; 95% CI [1.43, 9.94]), having three or more visits (AOR =3.20; 95% CI [1.21, 8.44]) and being counseled by pharmacist (AOR = 10.02; 95% CI [4.45, 22.56]) significantly increased the odds of having a "adequate knowledge of medicines." Conclusion: This study showed inadequate level of knowledge of dispensed medicine among patients attending in outpatient pharmacy of Chencha primary level hospital. Patient education, employment status, number of visits, perception of illness, dispenser qualification and experience were the factors for knowledge of dispensed medicine. Dispensers need into account patients' perception of their illness of illness and frequency of visits during counseling.
BioMed Research International, 2020
Objective. To assess knowledge and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care service among hospital and community pharmacists working in Harar and Dire Dawa town, Eastern Ethiopia. Method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists working in hospital and community pharmacies, 2018. A total of 43 health settings (6 hospital and 37 community pharmacies) were involved in this study. All pharmacists who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a purposive sampling technique to take part in the study. The pretested structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. The collected data was coded, entered, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The findings were presented by frequencies and percentages, and summary measures were displayed using tables. Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were performed to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and the level of knowledge an...
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2015
Background: labeling and knowledge of dispensing drug is important for the patient to identify the contents and to ensure that they have clear and concise information about the use of the dispensed drug. Lack of this may lead the patient to incorrect use, which in turn results in an adverse effect. So the present was undertaken to assess the labeling and patient knowledge of dispensing drugs in Adulala Health Center outpatient pharmacy, Adulala, East Shoa, Ethiopia. Method: A cross sectional, prospective study was done by examining previously prepared a checklist to gather information from each package of dispensing drugs to patients and exit interview done with patients to assess their knowledge of the dispensed drug at Adulala Health Center Outpatient Pharmacy from January 23 to February 7, 2014. The data were analyzed by using statistical software package SPSS 16.0. Results: A total of 302 patients was studied of which majority (62.6%) of them were females and 38.2% of the patients were in the age group of 21-45. All the patients were aware of the dose and a majority (79.06%) of them about frequency. The labeling pattern of dispensing drugs attributes 100% in case of name, strength and expiry of the drug. Patient name was written in only 4.7% of the dispensed drugs. Out of a total 554 dispensed drugs most (46.93%) of them were dispensed for chemotherapeutic to a majority (192) of the patients of 21-45 age groups. Sex has no association with patient knowledge on dosage, frequency, and duration (p-value=0. 423, 0.630, 0.115) respectively. Conclusion: The study depicts that dispensed drugs had poor labeling. Educational level and patient age have a strong association with patient knowledge of dispensing drugs whereas sex has no association with patient knowledge. Dispensing time was short. Not all prescribed medications are dispensed.
Patient Preference and Adherence, 2020
Background: Optimizing exit-knowledge of ambulatory patients is a major professional responsibility of pharmacists to reassure safe and cost-effective medicines use. The study assessed the exit-knowledge of ambulatory patients on their dispensed medications and associated factors. Patients and Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among ambulatory patients who visited the outpatient pharmacy of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH) from December 2019 to February 2020. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was employed to determine factors associated with exit-knowledge on their dispensed medications. At a 95% confidence interval (CI), p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study analyzed 400 patients; more than half of the participants were males (55.5%). The mean age of the participants was 41.3 years (mean ± standard deviation (SD), ±13). Less than half of the patients did not recall the name (44.5%) and major side effects (31.2%) of each medication. Furthermore, the overall sufficient knowledge was found to be 81%. Patients with single marital status were 4.454 times to have sufficient exit-knowledge of their dispensed medications than widowed (p=0.050) participants. Besides, patients who responded neutral clarity of pharmacist instruction had 4.745 times sufficient exit-knowledge than those who responded not clear (p=0.049). On the other hand, participants who got "enough" (p<0.0001) and "not enough" (p=0.006) information from the pharmacist were found to have a positive association with sufficient exit-knowledge than those who responded "I do not know". Conclusion: The majority of patients had sufficient exit-knowledge of their dispensed medications. Martially single, neutral clarity of pharmacist's instructions and adequacy of the information delivered by the pharmacist were positively associated with participants' exit-knowledge of their dispensed medications. Hence, conducting a multicenter study, we recommend pharmacists to counsel their patients to underpin patients' knowledge of their dispensed medications.
Patient Knowledge of their Dispensed Drugs in Rural Gambia
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 2014
Patient knowledge of dispensed medication as they exit health facilities holds a central place in the overall outcome of treatment, as a lack of knowledge can result in medication errors. A cross-sectional survey collecting quantitative data from patients following dispensation of prescribed drugs from a hospital pharmacy aimed at assessing patients’ knowledge of dispensed drugs and to determine potential factors that may influence level of knowledge. A total of 336 participants aged over 18 years old were approached to take part in the study. A convenience sample was used and participants were selected if there fit the selection criteria and agreed to take part. Participants were interviewed consecutively by trained study nurses using a modified version of the standard questionnaire developed by WHO/DAP. Patient responses were assessed on their knowledge of dosage, duration of treatment and purpose of dispensed drugs. Of the 571 patients responses (from the 336 participants) follo...
BMC health services research, 2016
About one-third of the world's population lack access to essential medicines and this is further compounded by inappropriate prescription, dispensing, sale and use of the available medicines. The objective of the study was to assess the patterns of medicine use among health facilities in eastern Ethiopia using World Health Organization's Prescribing, Patient Care and Health facility indicators. A cross sectional study was carried out in eight randomly selected health centers and data were collected retrospectively as well as prospectively. Prescribing indicators were assessed retrospectively using 636 prescriptions selected by systematic random sampling technique among prescriptions filled between September 2013 and September 2014. Patient care indicators were assessed prospectively by interviewing 708 patients from the health facilities. Health facilities were assessed through observation. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version...
Background: The practice of pharmaceutical care is new in contrast to what pharmacists have ben doing for many years. Ten to thirty percent of al acute hospital admisions are thought to be caused by drug related problems and 50-70% of these are considered to be preventable. PC is patient centered and outcome oriented pharmacy practice with the goal to optimize health related quality of life and to achieve positve outcomes within realistic economic expenditures, but it aparently a theoretical statements stil in Ethiopia in many seting. Objective: To ases the atitude and knowledge of healthcare profesionals towards pharmaceutical care service in Adama Hospital Medical Colege. Methods: Cros-sectional questionaire based study was conducted. Proportional study design was used. Data were entered, coded and analyzed by using SPS 16.0. Linear regresion and corelation was done. P value les than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: There were a total of 130 participants. The response rate was 90.3%. Seventy one (54.6%) of the respondents was male. Almost half had god (53.1%) knowledge. Type of profesion (p=0.03, CI [-0.305, -0.015], AOR=-0.191) had significant asociation with knowledge of pharmaceutical care while years of experience not (p=0.305). Type of profesion (p=0.02, CI [-0.35, -0.084], AOR=-0.271) and year of experience (p=0.028, CI [0.023, 0.401], AOR=0.187) had significant asociation with the atitude of the respondents. There was strong corelation betwen knowledge and atitude (r=0.728). Conclusion: Despite the fact that the practices of pharmaceutical care services were newly emerging in Ethiopian hospital setings, the level of knowledge of healthcare profesionals towards the service was apreciable. As the HCPs’ working experience increases, they were having god atitude. There were corelation betwen atitude and knowledge towards PC services
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
Background: Patients’ care when dispensing of Medicines could be ensured through the delivery of drug information either orally or in written form. Pharmacists are expected to ascertain that patients or caregivers have gained clear and complete information. The objective of this study was to assess patient counseling during dispensing of medicines and associated factors in Tikur-Anbessa Specialized Hospital.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess patients’ counseling and a convenient sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist and, analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics and odds ratio were used to present study results.Results: A total of 286 respondents were included in this study. Most (93.7%; 94.4%; 91%) of the respondents were told the drug unit dose, frequency of administration and duration of therapy respectively. Less than a third of the patients ...
Pharmacy Practice, 2017
Background: Community pharmacists play a crucial role in reducing medication related health problems and improving the patient's overall wellbeing. Evidence suggests that community pharmacist led counseling services result in a better clinical and self-reported outcome, including a higher level of satisfaction and quality of life. Objective: This study aims to document self-reported and actual levels of community pharmacists' involvement in the provision of patient counseling and barriers that limit their involvement in such services. Methods: Simulated patient visits and a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists were employed in Gondar town, Ethiopia between March 15 and May 15, 2016 to observe actual counseling practices and to assess their reported counseling practices respectively. Four different scenarios were developed for the simulated patient visit. A well designed questionnaire and an assessment form were used for the survey and simulated patient visit. Results: In the cross-sectional survey, 84 pharmacists were approached and 78 agreed to participate (92.8 % response rate). Of the respondents, 96.1% agreed/strongly agreed that patient counseling is important and 69.3% strongly agreed that patient counseling should be a professional duty. The most frequent information provided to patients were dosing schedule of drugs, how to take medication, and drug-food interaction. Majority of community pharmacists either strongly agreed (42.1%) or agreed (51.3%) that patients are comfortable towards their counseling practice. A total of 48 simulated visits were conducted and a medicine was dispensed in all visits. In all four scenarios, dosage schedule (100%), how to take medication (97.6%) and drug-food interaction (69.1%) were the most common type of information provided while what to do when dose is missed (100%), contraindication (95.2%) and the importance of compliance or adherence (92.9%) were the most commonly ignored types of information. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the existing gap in self-reported and actual counseling practices by community pharmacist in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Hence, the ministry of health, local health policy makers and other stakeholders should collaborate to design interventions to improve community pharmacists' dispensing and counseling practice.
Providing counseling to patients regarding their medication is a better means to improve patient compliance. The way drugs are dispensed and the type of information delivered during dispensing strictly determine the way drugs are utilized by patients and affect the expected out come. Clear and complete instructions on how to take or use drugs, risks and benefits of using medicines, adverse effects, when and how to use drugs are at least the vital drug information that should be delivered to patients by dispensers. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of patient counseling delivered by drug dispensers in Jimma town drug retail outlets, 2013. A cross sectional study was conducted by using self administered semi-structured questionnaire in Jimma town drug dispensers from January 20 to 30, 2013. Among 49 dispensers, 46.94% of them believed that patient counseling is pharmacy professionals’ responsibility while 44.90% believed it is a shared responsibility of prescribers and dispensers. 42.86% of dispensers always update their knowledge on drugs and their most frequently used drug information sources were formularies and guidelines. 82.86% of the dispensers respond that they know the formal way and the information included in patient counseling. From ten patient counseling activities assessed, only 18 37% of dispensers give more than half. Almost half of the dispensers believed that patient counseling is the responsibility of pharmacy professionals. The dispensers give less counseling activities other than giving drug information on dose, frequency and route of administration. High patient load and lack of time was major barrier of patient medication counseling by dispensers. So, formal education on patient medication should be included in pharmacy schools and continuous training should be given to increase dispensers’ knowledge on patient counseling.