Pharmacists’ Knowledge and Practice of Issues Related to Using Psychotropic Medication in Elderly People in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study (original) (raw)
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BioMed Research International, 2022
Background: Drug therapy in the elderly needs an emphasis on age-related changes in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profile. Hospitalized elderly patients are at risk of more than one disease and polypharmacy associated with these; they are at risk of drug-related problems. This study aimed to assess the role of clinical pharmacy on identifying and resolution of drug-related problems among elderly patients admitted to medical ward of Northwest Ethiopia comprehensive specialized hospitals. Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted. A systematic sampling technique was used. The identified drug-related problem was recorded and classified using Cipolle, and adverse drug reaction was assessed using Naranjo algorithm of adverse drug reaction probability scale, and Medscape was used for drugdrug interaction. Data were analyzed by using STATA software version 14.1. Logistic regression was used, and results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% Confidence intervals with P value < 0:05 statistically significant. Result: A total of 389 study participants were included in the study. About 266 (68.4%) of the participants had at least a single drug-related problem. About 503 drug-related problems were identified with a mean of 1.32 (CI: 1.27-1.36) drug-related problem per patient. The three-leading categories of drug-related problems were dose too
Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice
Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators manual, the patients' knowledge on dispensed medication is a crucial patient care indicator. There is a dearth of studies about patients' knowledge of dispensed medication at the primary health care facility. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of dispensed medication and associated factors among patients attending in the outpatient pharmacy of Chencha primary level hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 403 patients attending in the outpatient pharmacy of Chencha primary level hospital. The data collection techniques were observation of dispensing process and face-to-face interview by using WHO patient care indicators and a structured questionnaire, respectively. Descriptive statistics, univariable and multivariable logistic regression were determined using the SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 403 patients participated which make the response rate 100%. Fifty-three (13.2%) patients had adequate knowledge on dispensed medication. The findings of multivariable logistic regression indicated that tertiary levels of education (AOR = 3.87; 95% CI [1.25, 11.96]), being private employee (AOR = 10.98; 95% CI [3.25, 37.04]), having severe perception of illness (AOR =3.77; 95% CI [1.43, 9.94]), having three or more visits (AOR =3.20; 95% CI [1.21, 8.44]) and being counseled by pharmacist (AOR = 10.02; 95% CI [4.45, 22.56]) significantly increased the odds of having a "adequate knowledge of medicines." Conclusion: This study showed inadequate level of knowledge of dispensed medicine among patients attending in outpatient pharmacy of Chencha primary level hospital. Patient education, employment status, number of visits, perception of illness, dispenser qualification and experience were the factors for knowledge of dispensed medicine. Dispensers need into account patients' perception of their illness of illness and frequency of visits during counseling.
BioMed Research International, 2020
Objective. To assess knowledge and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care service among hospital and community pharmacists working in Harar and Dire Dawa town, Eastern Ethiopia. Method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists working in hospital and community pharmacies, 2018. A total of 43 health settings (6 hospital and 37 community pharmacies) were involved in this study. All pharmacists who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a purposive sampling technique to take part in the study. The pretested structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. The collected data was coded, entered, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The findings were presented by frequencies and percentages, and summary measures were displayed using tables. Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were performed to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and the level of knowledge an...
Global Advances in Health and Medicine
Background Pharmaceutical care (PC) practice in Ethiopia is not well developed and is at its infant stage. As a result, very little is known about the level of involvement of pharmacy professionals in PC activities. Objective The aim of this study was to assess PC practice at drug retail outlets (DROs) of Gondar town and to identify factors associated with it. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 pharmacy professionals working in 55 DROs located in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Data on sociodemographic characteristics of respondents, their involvement in PC activities, handling of drug-related problems (DRPs), and consultation with colleagues and other health-care providers were collected and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results Majority of study participants were degree holders in pharmacy (68.7%) and work in community DROs (78%). Over half of the respondents (56.5%) were found to practice good PC, asking at least 3 of ...
Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine, 2017
Background: Population ageing is a result of high life expectancy and declining fertility. Medication use in older people is a particular public health concern since the older population has a higher prevalence of multiple drug use referred to as 'poly-pharmacy'. This study aimed to determine poly-pharmacy and the contributing factors among elderly patients at Shashemene Referral Hospital. Materials and methods: A Health facility based prospective cross sectional study was conducted. Elders of 65 and above years old were enrolled. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16.0 software. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess association of variables with poly-pharmacy. Statistical significance was conducted at p-value<0.05. Results: The total number of population enrolled in the study was 116 elders (60 yrs old and above). Among this, 59.5% were males. The primary diagnosis of most patients was infection (50% (n=58)) and followed by cardiovascular disorders (18.1% (n=21)). The widely used drug group was antimicrobials (58.7%), followed by cardiovascular (25%) and GIT drugs (13.8%). Almost half, (48.3%), of population were taking 1-2 drugs. The maximum total number of drug per patient was seven drugs of the same or different classes. Poly-pharmacy was observed among almost one-third (32.75%) of study subjects with highest prevalence among younger elders (65yrs-69 yrs old). The polypharmacy that has been seen in elderly in highest prevalence was appropriate poly-pharmacy, 79%. Co-morbidity (AOR=7.427) and occupation, employee, (AOR=8.840) were the contributing factors of poly-pharmacy. Conclusion and recommendations: In this study, a total of 116 elderly patients, 69 males and 47 females, were involved. The primary diagnosis of most patients was infection. Co-morbidity has been seen in over one-third of the study subjects. The widely used drug group was antimicrobials, followed by cardiovascular. The study also shows that poly-pharmacy was prevalent in almost one third of the elderly patients in SRH. The multivariate logistic regression showed that co-morbidity and occupation, employee, were the factors independently associated with poly-pharmacy. The health care system should improve the prescribing process among elderly patients.
Pragmatic and Observational Research, 2021
Objective The objectives of this research were to investigate pharmacy professionals’ counseling practices as well as to evaluate pharmacy professionals’ counseling skills and the content of counseling services provided to patients visiting medicine retail outlets. Methods A facility-based observational cross-sectional study was used to assess medication counseling practice by pharmacy professionals. Data were gathered through an observation and a semi-structured questionnaire. Epi data version 4.0.2 was used to enter data, which was subsequently exported to SPSS version 21.0 for analysis. ANOVA and post hoc statistical analyses were used to investigate the association between independent and dependent variables; and a 0.05 p-value was considered. Results This study has a total of 105 pharmacy professionals that were included in the analysis. The majority of those who responded were between the ages of 25 and 29. The most common drug information offered by pharmacy staff to patients...
Background: The practice of pharmaceutical care is new in contrast to what pharmacists have ben doing for many years. Ten to thirty percent of al acute hospital admisions are thought to be caused by drug related problems and 50-70% of these are considered to be preventable. PC is patient centered and outcome oriented pharmacy practice with the goal to optimize health related quality of life and to achieve positve outcomes within realistic economic expenditures, but it aparently a theoretical statements stil in Ethiopia in many seting. Objective: To ases the atitude and knowledge of healthcare profesionals towards pharmaceutical care service in Adama Hospital Medical Colege. Methods: Cros-sectional questionaire based study was conducted. Proportional study design was used. Data were entered, coded and analyzed by using SPS 16.0. Linear regresion and corelation was done. P value les than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: There were a total of 130 participants. The response rate was 90.3%. Seventy one (54.6%) of the respondents was male. Almost half had god (53.1%) knowledge. Type of profesion (p=0.03, CI [-0.305, -0.015], AOR=-0.191) had significant asociation with knowledge of pharmaceutical care while years of experience not (p=0.305). Type of profesion (p=0.02, CI [-0.35, -0.084], AOR=-0.271) and year of experience (p=0.028, CI [0.023, 0.401], AOR=0.187) had significant asociation with the atitude of the respondents. There was strong corelation betwen knowledge and atitude (r=0.728). Conclusion: Despite the fact that the practices of pharmaceutical care services were newly emerging in Ethiopian hospital setings, the level of knowledge of healthcare profesionals towards the service was apreciable. As the HCPs’ working experience increases, they were having god atitude. There were corelation betwen atitude and knowledge towards PC services
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2021
Background: Community pharmacistsare the most accessible healthprofessionals to the general public and pharmacistsareincreasinglybeingrecognized as a source of professionalhealth-relatedadvice. Objective:Theaimofthestudyis to assessroleofpharmacistsin managingailmentsandensuringmedication safety at Dire Dawatown, East Ethiopiafrom Feb20, 2021 to Mar 20, 2021.. Method: Community pharmacy based cross-sectional study was conducted with interview and structured self-administered questionnaires. All community pharmacists found in Dire Dawa town and willing to participate in the study were included. Data was collected from Feb 20, 2021 to Mar 20, 2021. The data is analyzed and presented using tables. Result: In the current study 50 study participants was included. The 87% of the respondents are graduated with first degree and 13% are graduated with masters. All of the respondents replied that they respond effectively to patient’s disease symptoms in their pharmacy and have responsibility ...
Irrational use of medications among elderly patients in an Ethiopian referral hospital
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2017
Geriatric is potentially vulnerable to drug related problems. Inappropriate prescribing to these patient groups causes substantial morbidity and has become an important public health issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prescription practice in geriatrics patients attending medical ward of Dessie Referral Hospital (DRH). A cross sectional study design was used to collect data from patient cards aged more than or equal to 65 years old that visited DRH in south wollo zone over the last one year period from September 11/09/2014 to September 10/09/2015. Assessment of the prescription pattern was done by using Beers criteria and WHO core indicators. A total of 244 charts were evaluated. 868 drugs were prescribed to the study population. Number of encounters with antibiotic prescription was 155 (63.5%). The percentage of encounters in which an injection was prescribed was 82.4%. Analysis of the prescribed medications using the 2012 Updated Beers Criteria showed 56 patients with at least one potentially inappropriate medication prescribed giving a prevalence of 23%. The study indicates the prescribing practices in the hospital associated with greater poly-pharmacy and inappropriate medication use.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Gondar university referral hospital from 10th of February to 5th of March 2012 using retrospective data on the diseases and medications from medical records of 392 elderly outpatients aged 60 years or older. Data analysis involved use of World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators, Updated 2002 Beer’s criteria and DRUG-REAX® system software package of MICROMEDEX (R) Healthcare Series to assess the prescribing pattern, identify potentially inappropriate medications and potential drug-drug interactions, respectively. Statistical analyses done included binary logistic regression using SPSS version 16. The results indicated that anti-infectives were the most commonly prescribed medications. Average number of medications per patient was 1.63 and antibiotics were prescribed during 35.5% of patient encounters. Among the 255 patients aged 65 years or older, 25 (9.8%) were prescribed potentially inappropriate medications based on 2002 Beers...