The Efficacy of Elemental Zinc on Acute Diarrhea in Egyptian Infant and Children (original) (raw)
Related papers
Effect of Zinc Supplement on Severity Of Acute Diarrhea Among Childern Under Five Years Of Age
Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 2021
According to World Health Organization (WHO) approximately four million children less than 5 years of age in Asia, Africa, and Latin America die annually from diarrhea; and 80% of these deaths occur in the first year of life. Objective: To see how a zinc supplement influences the severity of acute diarrhea in children under the age of five. Methods: In current study, we analyze the effect of zinc on diarrheal patients. Zinc was randomly assigned to diarrheal patients in different concentration 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 20 mg. There were two groups in our study, treatment and control group. Results: The results are presented in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics. In T1 (Treatment Group) number of Diarrhea patients < 1 Year of age were 16, 2-4 years of age were 45, 4-5 years of age and maximum no of patients in T1 < 2 year of age were 57. Number of male patients were 84 while female patients were 67 in T1.In T2 (Control Group) number of male patients were 92 while f...
Sultan Qaboos University medical journal, 2007
To study the impact of zinc administration on the morbidity and mortality attributed to diarrhoea among children less than 5 years old. The study design was a randomized double blinded controlled clinical trial, held at Elsabeen Hospital for Maternity and Childhood, Sana'a, Yemen. The study was conducted during the period September 2005 to October 2006 on 180 children less than 5 years old with acute diarrhoeal episodes. They were randomly allocated to two groups; one of them received a placebo and the other received zinc acetate syrup for 14 days. Both groups were followed up for 2 months. ZINC WAS ABLE TO DECREASE THE MEAN NUMBER OF DIARRHOEAL EPISODES: 1.39 in the intervention group versus 2.59 in the control group. It also reduced the mean frequency of stools per day in each attack (3.57 in the intervention group versus 5.47 in the control group) and the volume of stool in each attack during the follow-up period. Moreover, zinc was significantly more palatable. We can conclu...
Children Effectiveness and Efficacy of Zinc for the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Young
2010
Intervention trials have shown that zinc is efficacious in treating acute diarrhea in children of developing countries. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness and efficacy of giving 3 Recommended Daily Allowances of elemental zinc to 6-to 35-month-old children with acute diarrhea. Methods. Seventeen hundred ninety-two cases of acute diarrhea in Nepalese children were randomized to 4 study groups. Three groups were blinded and the children supplemented daily by field workers with placebo syrup, zinc syrup, or zinc syrup and a massive dose of vitamin A at enrollment. The fourth group was open and the caretaker gave the children zinc syrup daily. Daywise information on morbidity was obtained by household visits every fifth day. Results. The relative hazards for termination of diarrhea were 26% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8%, 46%), 21% (95% CI: 4%, 38%), and 19% (95% CI: 2%, 40%) higher in the zinc, zinc-vitamin A, and zinc-caretaker groups, respectively, than in the placebo group. The relative risks of prolonged diarrhea (duration >7 days) in these groups were 0.57 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.86), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.81), and 0.55 (0.37, 0.84); zinc accordingly reduced the risk of prolonged diarrhea with 43% to 47%. Five percent and 5.1% of all syrup administrations were followed by regurgitation in the zinc and zinc-vitamin A group, respectively, whereas this occurred after only 1.3% of placebo administrations. Vomiting during diarrhea was also more common in children receiving zinc. Conclusions. Three Recommended Daily Allowances of zinc given daily by caretakers or by field workers substantially reduced the duration of diarrhea. The effect of zinc was not dependent on or enhanced by concomitant vitamin A administration. Pediatrics 2002;109:898-903; zinc, vitamin A, acute diarrhea, young children, randomized placebo controlled trial, effectiveness, Nepal, treatment.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICIENCY OF ZINC INTEGRATION IN ACUTE DIARRHEA
Objectives:- To assess the efficiency of different forms of zinc supplementation in comparison to ORS without zinc in treatment of acute diarrhea in children. Back ground:- Case control study of cases admitted at pediatric departmentat Benha Fever Hospital. Patient and methods:- This study was done on 100 of infant/ children with acute diarrhea aged 4- 48 months it divided into two groups, Study group which subdivided into two subgroups:group (1): 40 infants/children received zinc syrup (sulfozinc),group (2):40 infants/children received ORS with zinc(Rehydro- zinc sachets),.Control group(group(3): 20 infants/children received ORS (Hydrosafe sachets). Results:- Frequency of diarrhea significant low in study group vs control group(3± 0.47,3.4± 0.63vs5 ± 0.79) also duration of diarrhea significant low in study group in vs control group( 3.3 ±0.52,3.6 ± 0.49 vs 5 ± 0.6). Conclusion:- Supplementation of zinc useful for treatment acute diarrhea as it reduce duration , frequency of diarrhea in children /infant with acute diarrhea.
Efficacy of zinc in young infants with acute watery diarrhea
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2005
Recent studies reported that zinc significantly reduced the duration and volume of acute watery diarrhea in children aged > or = 4 mo, but there were no data specifically on infants aged < 6 mo. This study investigated the effect of zinc on the duration of illness and the stool quantity in acute watery diarrhea of infants aged 1-6 mo by comparing a 20 mg Zn/d dose with a 5 mg Zn/d dose. Infants hospitalized with at least some dehydration (by World Health Organization classification) were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Infants were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg Zn (acetate)/d, 5 mg Zn/d, or placebo for the duration of illness. Two hundred seventy-five infants were enrolled between 20 September 1998 and 18 December 2000. Neither diarrhea duration nor mean stool volume differed between groups. There were no significant differences in fluid intake, the need for unscheduled intravenous fluid, weight gain, or vomiting rates between the groups....
Clinical Nutrition, 2015
Background & aims: It is estimated that zinc deficiency is responsible for 4.4% of childhood deaths in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This review examines the impact of zinc supplementation, administered prophylactically or therapeutically, on diarrhoea. Methods: Relevant published articles were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were examined. Results: A total of 38 studies were included in this review, 29 studies examined the effect of prophylactic zinc and nine studies examined the effects of therapeutic use of zinc for treatment of diarrhoea in children under five years. Conclusion: Prophylactic zinc has been shown to be effective in decreasing both prevalence and incidence of diarrhoea, reducing respiratory infections and improving growth in children with impaired nutritional status. There is less conclusive evidence of reduction in diarrhoea duration or diarrhoea severity. While prophylactic zinc decreases mortality due to diarrhoea and pneumonia, it has not been shown to affect overall mortality. Therapeutic use of zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea in children has been shown to reduce diarrhoea incidence, stool frequency and diarrhoea duration as well as respiratory infections in zinc deficient children. However, stool output is only reduced in children with cholera. Less conclusive evidence exists for therapeutic zinc reducing mortality due to diarrhoea and respiratory infections. Specific definitions of diarrhoea severity, respiratory infection in further studies as well as examination of prophylactic zinc effectiveness in diarrhoea duration and severity effectiveness of therapeutic zinc in reducing mortality due to diarrhoea and respiratory infections are warranted.
Impact of zinc on duration of acute diarrhoea in children
Journal of Infection, 2000
Although oral rehydration therapy greatly reduces mortality from diarrhoeal diseases, it has little eVect on stool frequency. However, there is mounting evidence that zinc is an eVective adjunct to the treatment of diarrhoea, although few studies have examined its eYcacy in Latin America. This study assessed the eYcacy of zinc supplementation in children with acute diarrhoea in Brazil. The study was a double-blind, placebocontrolled, randomised, clinical trial in children <5 years of age attending emergency services in Sergipe, Brazil. Subjects received zinc or vitamin C as placebo. There was a marked reduction in the duration of the diarrhoea (1.1 vs 2.6 days) and of watery stools in the zinc-supplemented group. The eYcacy of zinc was independent of the presence of viral enteropathogens in the stools. It is concluded that, similar to studies in India and Bangladesh, zinc could be an important adjunct for treating acute diarrhoea in Brazilian children.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in reducing frequency of diarrhea in children. An observational study was done among 37 patients in Kanti Children’s Hospital, from December 2009 to May 2010. The patients were distributed in three groups. Information was taken according to the designed proforma and data was analyzed by using SPSS 16.0. At the fifth day, the average frequency of stool passing per day was 3.69 ± 1.377 (for ORS group) and 2.33 ± 0.985 (ORS and zinc for 5days) and 2.33 ± 0.492 (ORS and zinc for 10 days). At tenth day the average frequency of passing stool was 2.46 ± 0.519 (for ORS group), 2.08 ± 0.515 (for ORS and 5days zinc) and 2.33 ± 0.492 (for ORS and 10days zinc). The average frequency of diarrhoea in children of all three groups was around two episodes per day at the tenth day. Comparison of the average frequency of diarrhoea of children in three groups showed significant difference (P= 0.002) only at 5th day; however acute diarrhoea disappeared in all groups at tenth day. About 21 patients taking zinc developed vomiting. Other effects like fatigue, stomach upset were rarely observed. Keywords: Acute diarrhoea, Zinc, ORS
Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2009
Background: Diarrhoeal disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in under five children. Worldwide, there are about 1.3 million under five children deaths attributable to diarrhea. Health status in Ethiopia is one of the lowest in the world with estimated health service coverage of 60%; and diarrhoeal disease remains one of the major causes of under five morbidity and mortality. Treatment with ORS does not affect the duration and severity of diarrhoea, hence acceptance of ORS is low and diarrhoea still remains the major cause of child morbidity and mortality. Diarrhoea is a commonly associated problem in children with Zinc deficiency and also leads to excess zinc losses. Objective: To assess variations in the usage of antimicrobial and/or antidiarreals in children with acute watery diarrhoea randomized to receive zinc supplementation as compared to those who do not receive it; and assess the adherence to zinc supplementation given with ORS in the management of an episode of acute watery diarrhoea. Methodology: This is part of a multicentre, multidisciplinary , randomized and open effectiveness trial conducted in outpatient settings in Addis Ababa, Black Lion Hospital at the Department of Paediatrics. The sample size has been calculated for a two-tailed alpha of 0.05 and power of 0.2. Children aged 2-59 months and who presented with acute watery diarrhoea for less than 7 days were recruited. Results: There were 188 children randomized to the Zinc plus ORS arm and 226 children to the ORS arm. There were 193 (46.6%) females and 221 (53.4%) males. Fifty two percent of the cases were between 2-11 months of age and decreasing trend of proportion of older children was observed in the study population (P=0.0001). Zinc adherence rate was 95%. Seventy three (39.3%) patients from Zinc + ORS group and 71 (32.3%) patients from ORS group took ORS when they came for the first follow up visit (P-value=0.115). From the total study subjects 16.1% took antibiotic or antidiarhael tablets before randomization which was significantly higher than the second follow up visit observation with only 1.7% (P=0.0001). Only 3 (1.7%) patients from Zinc arm and 4 (1.8%) patients from ORS arms took antibiotic/anti diarrhoeal on the second follow up visits. Conclusion: Proper counselling of care takers significantly reduces unnecessary use of antibiotic/anti diarrhoea drugs in the treatment of childhood diarrhoea. Zinc supplementation in the treatment of childhood diarrhoea is well tolerated by patients and there is good compliance of care takers. However, we could not observe any significant difference in antibiotic/antidiarheal drug use between ORS and ORS plus Zinc groups.