Vaccine Confidence and Uptake of the Omicron Bivalent Booster in Tennessee: Implications for Vulnerable Populations (original) (raw)
Related papers
US County-Level COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Rates of Omicron Cases and Deaths
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2022
Population-level impact of vaccination on omicron-related disease is not well-described. We fit 3 negative binomial models to estimate the relationship between US county-level vaccine coverage 4 and rates of COVID-19. Increased booster dose uptake was associated with lower rates of 5 omicron cases and deaths and is critical to combat future SARS-CoV-2 waves.
BackgroundOmicron-containing bivalent boosters are available worldwide. Results of a large, randomized, active-controlled study are presented.MethodsThis phase 3, randomized, observer-blind, active-controlled trial in the United Kingdom evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of 50-µg doses of omicron-BA.1-monovalent mRNA-1273.529 and bivalent mRNA-1273.214 booster vaccines compared with 50-µg mRNA-1273 administered as boosters in individuals ≥16 years. Participants had previously received 2 doses of any authorized/approved Covid-19 vaccine with or without an mRNA vaccine booster. Safety and immunogenicity were primary objectives; immunogenicity was assessed in all participants, with analysis conducted based on prior infection status. Incidence of Covid-19 post-boost was a secondary (mRNA-1273.214) or exploratory (mRNA-1273.529) objective.ResultsIn part 1 of the study, 719 participants received mRNA-1273.529 (n=362) or mRNA-1273 (n=357); in part 2, 2813 received mRNA-1273.214 (n=141...
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2022
† A COVID-19 case in a fully vaccinated person occurred when SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen was detected in a respiratory specimen collected ≥14 days after completing the primary series of a COVID-19 vaccine with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval or emergency use authorization. The COVID-19 case definition, including criteria to distinguish a new case from an existing case, is per the July 2021 update to the national standardized surveillance case definition and national notification for 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (21-ID-01) (https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/case-definitions/ coronavirus-disease-2019-2021/). Fully vaccinated persons were those with a completed primary series of 2 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccine or a single dose of the Janssen vaccine (https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html). A COVID-19 case in an unvaccinated person occurred when the person did not receive any FDAauthorized COVID-19 vaccine doses before the specimen collection date. Cases were excluded in partially vaccinated persons who received at least one FDAauthorized or approved vaccine dose but did not complete a primary series ≥14 days before collection of a respiratory specimen with SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected. Ascertaining vaccination status for COVID-19 patients through active linkage of case surveillance and immunization information systems typically assumes that cases among persons who are unmatched to the registry are unvaccinated. This analysis represents the combined impact of the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines, which had different clinical efficacies against confirmed infection. Information on different FDA-authorized and approved COVID-19 vaccine products, including clinical efficacy, is available online.
Omicron and vaccine booster dose – an update
Indian Journal of Community Health
Mutations in coronavirus is not unheard off. The variant, Omicron B.1.1.529 has overall 50 mutations and is considered as a variant of concern. Though the new variant has shown changes throughout its genome, S gene changes predominate. Significant changes in the S encoding gene, S gene, influences not only the transmissibility properties of SARS-CoV-2 but also the efficacy of existing vaccines. Increased transmissibility and ability of this variant to evade host immune responses conferred either due to past infections or due to vaccination driving increase in number of infections. However, the severity of the infections is low in comparison to its predecessors. A meta-analysis of ten studies analyzing the effect of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose, it was found studies report 10-to-42-fold increase in omicron neutralization. COVID appropriate behaviors, if followed rigidly can bring a meaningful change in the viral spread and resultant health impacts.
Introduction COVID-19 vaccines have been highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. However, the emergence of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and subvariants as the globally dominant strains have raised doubts about the effectiveness of currently-available vaccines and prompted debate about potential future vaccination strategies. Areas covered Using the publicly available IVAC VIEW-hub platform, we reviewed 52 studies on vaccine effectiveness (VE) after booster vaccinations. VE data were reported for SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection, severe disease and death and stratified by vaccine schedule and age. In addition, a non-systematic literature review of safety was performed to identify single or multi-country studies investigating adverse event rates for at least two of the currently-available COVID-19 vaccines. Expert opinion Booster shots of the current COVID-19 vaccines provide consistently high protection against Omicron-related severe disease and d...
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
The present study aimed to explore the willingness of the general public in the Middle East area to take or continue with the available COVID-19 vaccine in light of the emergence of the new omicron variant. This study is a web-based questionnaire distributed in Lebanon, Jordan, and Kuwait during the omicron variant outbreak. The questionnaire consisted of 15 close-ended questions with predefined options, divided into four sections preceded. The total included responses were 812 that were recruited from Lebanon (n= 427, 52.6%), Jordan (n = 279, 34.4%), and Kuwait (n = 106, 13.1%). Almost two-thirds of the participants (77%) received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, while only 7.9% received the booster shot (third dose). On the other hand, 90 participants (11%) did not receive any COVID-19 vaccine yet. The reported willingness among the unvaccinated individuals to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was only 22.4% (20/90). However, higher acceptability of fully vaccinated individuals to receive the booster shot was reported after the surge of the omicron variant (49.2%). The findings of the present study have important implications on COVID-19 vaccination decision. As the pandemic evolves, the public's opinions with the surge of different variants are changing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to raise awareness about omicron severity, and that the rapidly spreading strain puts the unvaccinated particularly at risk. Vaccine campaigns should elevate the voices of influencing messengers caring for severe COVID-19 cases.
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
, CDC recommended an updated (bivalent) COVID-19 vaccine booster to help restore waning protection conferred by previous vaccination and broaden protection against emerging variants for persons aged ≥12 years (subsequently extended to persons aged ≥6 months).* To assess the impact of original (monovalent) COVID-19 vaccines and bivalent boosters, case and mortality rate ratios (RRs) were estimated comparing unvaccinated and vaccinated persons aged ≥12 years by overall receipt of and by time since booster vaccination (monovalent or bivalent) during Delta variant and Omicron sublineage (BA.1, BA.2, early BA.4/BA.5, and late BA.4/BA.5) predominance. † During the late BA.4/BA.5 period, unvaccinated persons had higher COVID-19 mortality and infection rates than persons receiving bivalent doses (mortality RR = 14.1 and infection RR = 2.8) and to a lesser extent persons vaccinated with only monovalent doses (mortality RR = 5.4 and infection RR = 2.5). Among older adults, mortality rates among unvaccinated persons were significantly higher than among those who had received a bivalent booster (65-79 years; RR = 23.7 and ≥80 years; 10.3) or a monovalent booster (65-79 years; 8.3 and ≥80 years; 4.2). In a second analysis stratified by time since booster vaccination, there was a progressive decline from the Delta period (RR = 50.7) to the early BA.4/BA.5 period (7.4) in * https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html † National weighted estimates of weekly proportions of infections attributed to SARS-CoV-2 variants are based on CDC analyses (https://covid.cdc.gov/coviddata-tracker/#variant-proportions). Analysis periods were categorized based on variant predominance (defined as those accounting for >50% of sequenced lineages):
Cureus
For the primary prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there are currently four different vaccines available in the USA. These are Pfizer (messenger RNA [mRNA]), Moderna (mRNA), Novavax (recombinant protein), and Jansen/Johnson & Johnson (adenoviral vector). All individuals should get vaccinated, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has provided comprehensive guidelines on recommended doses, their frequency by age group, and vaccine types, all discussed in detail in this article. Vaccines are a critical and cost-effective tool for preventing the disease. Prior to receiving a vaccine, patients should get adequate counseling regarding any potential adverse effects post vaccination. Appropriate safety precautions must be taken for those more likely to experience adverse consequences. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the symptoms, indicators, and treatment of any adverse event post-vaccination. We have provided a comprehensive review of the different characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States, including their effectiveness against various variants, adverse effects, and precautions necessary for healthcare professionals and the general population. This article also briefly covers COVID-19 vaccines available worldwide, specifically their mode of action and effectiveness.