Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir extracts, fractions and isolated compounds (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Fractions of Plant Parts of Pterocarpus santalinoides
Biotechnology Journal International
Aims: The study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the leaves, seeds, bark, and root of Pterocarpus santalinoides plant. Study Design: Agar well diffusion and Agar well dilution methods were used to test the preliminary antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory/bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations respectively of Pterocarpus santalinoides plants. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu Campus, Nigeria, between February – October, 2017. Methodology: Primary extraction and fractionation of the plant parts were undertaken with methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Agar diffusion method for the primary antimicrobial screening on Muller-Hinton agar (bacteria) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (fungi) were used to assess the antimicrobial activities of the sixteen (16) samples on some microbial isolates namely Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Candida ...
In recent times there has been an upsurge in the search for new chemical agents to replace the conventional drugs, which have been characterized by drug resistance of microbes and the deleterious side effects associated with them. The use of any plant as medicine is attributed to its biological activities. Pterocarpusmildbreadii is a medicinal plant belonging to the family fabaceae, that abounds in Ghana, with its potentials yet to be explored. The present work aimed at screening the stem bark extracts of the variety of P. mildbreadii in Kumasi, Ghana, for their phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities aimed at finding future sources of antibiotics and antioxidants for pharmaceutical formulations. The antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated by the agar diffusion method, using Augmentin as standard; while antioxidant potential was assayed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of phlobahannins, tannins, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids. Flavonoids and anthraquinone were absent in all the extracts. Test organisms for antimicrobial analysis include: Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter. The extracts were found to be susceptible to all the tested organisms, with varying zones of inhibition. The zone of inhibition for the hexane extract range from 6-19mm, that of ethyl acetate range from 9-20mm, while the ethanol extract range from 9-15mm. The extract showed concentration dependent antioxidant activity, with maximum % DPPH free radical scavenging activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts as; 86.16, 83.98 and 87.60 respectively as against that of the standard ascorbic acid which is 89. 55. For percentage H 2 O 2 scavenging activity, the ethanol extract showed promise with the highest percentage of 93.03; performing better than the standard which is 85.93 %. Results obtained indicates pterorocarpusmildbreadii stem bark extracts have potentials as antibiotic and free radical oxidative inhibitor, suggesting continuous evaluation and isolation of active agents in the extracts.
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research, 2023
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ranks among the top 10 world health challenges of the 21 st century, predicted that it will cause approximately 10 million deaths in 2050. Therefore, more investigation into identifying new antibiotics from natural sources is inevitable. Compounds from the leaf and stem bark of Pterocarpus osun were isolated using column chromatography, screened for their bioactivities, and characterized using the FTIR spectroscopy method in the ongoing search for novel antimicrobial therapies. The isolates were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against eleven pathogenic organisms. The zones of inhibition ranged in diameter from 22 to 30 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the purity of the compounds, and their retention factor was calculated. This ranged between 0.2424 and 0.8151. The melting points of the compounds were also recorded, as are FTIR spectra ranging from 4000 to 400 cm-1. Some of the peaks recorded are typical of single bond (4000-25000 cm-1), double bond (2000-1500 cm-1) with confirmation in the fingerprint (1500-400 cm-1) region but none in the triple bond (2500-2000 cm-1) region of the spectra. The antimicrobial screening results show that the identified compounds can potentially lead to the discovery of novel antibiotic medications.
Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022
Enteric bacteria are the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. e bark decoction of Pterocarpus tinctorius (Fabaceae) has traditionally been used to treat bacterial gastroenteritis. However, studies reporting the antibacterial activity of Pterocarpus tinctorius are rare. erefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of stem bark extract of Pterocarpus tinctorius against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella dysenteriae. e powdered bark extract was successively extracted with methanol using the cold continuous maceration method, followed by partitioning the crude methanolic extract to obtain methanolic, hexane, and chloroform subextracts. ree fractions were isolated from the methanolic subextract using ordinary normal phase column chromatography. e antibacterial activity of the extracts and fractions was performed using the agar well di usion method. e minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the agar well di usion method. While, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was obtained by the subculturing method. e methanolic subextract was the only extract that showed antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, and its activity was highest on Shigella dysenteriae followed by Salmonella typhi and was least active on Escherichia coli, with mean inhibition zones of 14.3 ± 0.2, 13.7 ± 0.3, and 12.2 ± 0.1 at 200 mg/mL, respectively. Chloroform subextract showed antibacterial activity only on Shigella dysenteriae, while hexane subextract did not show antibacterial activity against all bacteria tested at 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL. Among the three subfractions of methanolic subextract, only one subfraction was active and had both mean minimum inhibitory concentration and a minimum bactericidal concentration against Escherichia coli at 1.25 mg/mL, Salmonella typhi at 1.25 mg/mL, and Shigella dysenteriae at 0.6 mg/mL. e ndings of this study support the use of Pterocarpus tinctorius in traditional medicine. erefore, puri cation and structural elucidation studies are highly recommended.
The use of any plant as medicine is attributed to the presence of phytochemicals which are responsible for the biological activities. Pterocarpussantalinoides is a medicinal plant belonging to the family fabaceae. The stem bark extracts of the plant were evaluated for their phytochemical constituents; tested for antimicrobial activity (with Augmentin as standard) by the agar diffusion method and evaluated for their antioxidant potential by DPPH free radical scavenging and H 2 O 2 scavenging activities. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phlobatannins, tannins, glycoside, saponins, alkaloids and terpenoids in all the three extracts (ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts); while the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts contain in addition to these, steroids. Anthraquinone was however only present in the hexane extract. Test organisms for antidiarrheal activities include Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts showed varying degree of inhibitory activity against tested organisms. The zone of inhibition for the hexane extract range from 7-19mm, that of ethyl acetate extract range from 9-13mm, while that of ethanol extract range from 9.5-15mm. The antioxidant activity was found to be concentration dependent. For DPPH radical scavenging, hexane extract had the highest percent scavenging value (86.16 %) comparable with that of the standard ascorbic acid (89.35%). H 2 O 2 scavenging activity of the extracts was also promising, ethanol extract had the highest value (85.55%) which was comparable to that of the standard ascorbic acid (85.93 %). The results show that the traditional use of the plant Pterocarpus santalinoides is justified especially in the treatment of diarrhea. The variety pterocarpussantalinoides in Kumasi is a promising source of antimicrobials and antioxidants due to its rich phytochemical content.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Synergistic Antimicrobial Properties of Pterocarpus Santalinus
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate antibacterial and synergistic antimicrobial properties of leaf, stem and bark of Pterocarpus santalinus. Methods: The extraction was done by decoction method. The antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion assay and the synergistic antimicrobial activity was done by agar disc diffusion assay. Results: The synergistic activity was studied with plant extracts plus antibiotics viz. Ampicillin , Polymyxin-B, Clotrimazole and Fluconazole. Conclusions: Amongst the three parts, the best antimicrobial activity was shown by bark extract. All the three parts showed synergistic antimicrobial activity with antibiotics but their level varied. The results suggest that all the three parts phytochemicals that enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of the antibiotics against some microorganisms and hence can be developed as a new therapeutic weapon against infectious diseases.
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2022
Herbal products for primary health care are gaining huge interests of the people and the various healthcare professionals. This is mainly because of the local availability and cost-effectiveness of plant remedies over expensive modern treatments. Pterocarpus angolensis, a deciduous plant belonging to the family of Fabaceae is mainly found in the tropical regions of Africa. This tree is rich in medicinal properties which are immensely used by the locals in Africa for the treatment of ringworm infections, ulcers, urinary schistosomiasis, skin injury, etc. The extracts of P. angolensis are treasured in Africa for their effectiveness against many diseases like gonorrhea, mouth diseases, diarrhea, etc. It is reported to have inhibitory activity against various pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium because of the high concentration of bioactive compounds like flavonoids, tannins, and other phenolic compounds in the bark and leaves of the tree...
2018
Background The medicinal plants used to treat different ailments in Malawi contain important phytochemicals which have bactericidal and anti-fungal properties. Pterocarpus angolensis, locally known as mlombwa tree, which is found in many parts of Malawi, is one such a plant and was studied. Aims In vitro analysis of the antimicrobial properties of Pterocarpus angolensis crude extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida krusei and determination of the phytochemicals there in. Methods In this study, different organs of P. angolensis, a medicinal plant which is locally used to treat skin diseases, were qualitatively screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents and quantitatively assayed for the antimicrobial activity to ascertain their pharmaceutical potential. The aqueous, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of the leaves, stem-bark, fruits and roots of the plant were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Stre...
Phytochemical Screening and Microbicidal Activity of Stem Bark of Pterocarpus Marsupium
2011
Bactericidal potential of methanolic extract of stem bark (Apical bark, middle bark and Mature bark) of Pterocarpus marsupium was evaluated with respect to pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoneae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and Micrococcus sp. The methanolic extract of apical stem bark was effective than the middle bark and mature bark in inhibiting the growth of all bacteria. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was most sensitive among all the bacterial species studied. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, flavonols, phenols and terpenoids. Saponins were absent in all the bark samples.The concentrations of these phytoconstituents was higher in the apical stem bark than the middle and mature stem bark. The percent extract yield was maximum in apical stem bark. Thus, in the pharmacological point of view, it is important to study the ...
Phytochemical and Nutrient Composition of Pterocarpus erinaceus Stem Bark
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review
The use of plants for medicine is gaining more acceptability worldwide due to its availability, affordability, efficiency and considerable safety. This study sought to gather information on the phytochemical and nutrient composition of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark. This will be a guide to the importance of the plant healthwise. Phytochemical, proximate, mineral and vitamin analysis was done using standard procedures. Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids were present in both aqueous and ethanolic stem bark extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus. Anthraquinone was present only in the ethanolic extract. Proximate analysis shows high carbohydrate and fibre content 39.33 ± 0.05% and 31.22 ± 0.32% respectively. The extract also contains 8.70 ± 1.10% protein and 0.45 ± 0.50% fat. Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark is a rich source of vitamin A (75.87