Component Fatty Acids of Some Indian Seed Oils (original) (raw)
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Minor Seed Oils II: Fatty Acid Composition of Some Seed Oils
Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel, 1985
Three seed oils, Achyranthes aspera, Cucumis callosus and Aberia caffra were examined and were found to contain the following acids (wt%): lauric (0.4,‐, 0.2), myristic (1.2, 0.6, 0.9), palmitic (18.6, 10.6, 25.9), stearic (4.4, 10.0, 3.9), arachidic (1.6, 1.6, 1.2), behenic (1.8, 0.6, 0.5), oleic (22.6, 17.5, 19.3), linoleic (49.4, 59.1, 48.1) respectively.
The fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of the
The fatty acid composition of the underutilised Cassia abbreviata seed oil was determined using gas chromatographic methods. C. abbreviata seeds yielded 9.53% of yellowish-green oil consisting mainly of oleic acid (37.8%), palmitic acid (26.5%), linoleic acid (26.7%), stearic acid (4.1%) and elaidic acid (2.1%). The oil was solid at room temperature, had a saponification value of 376.16 mg KOH/g and an iodine value of 26.48 g I2/100g oil. The fatty acid composition and saponification value of the C. abbreviata seed oil suggest that it may find application in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical natural product formulations.
Fatty Acids and Sterol Compounds of Seed Oils
Background: This study investigates fatty acids and sterol contents of some seeds used in Asian nutrition culture to prepare functional beverages, foods or fatty acids and sterols source. Objective: Current study presents an overview about some seeds as a valuable source for fatty acids and sterols extraction. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to quantify fatty acids and sterol contents and compare them to standard components. Different ash values, free amino acids, and soluble sugars were investigated. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was employed to detect the components. Inter-and intra-day variations, linearity of the calibration curves, and the CV of accuracy for fatty acids and sterols were generally within the acceptable ranges. Results: The total oil content of the seeds ranged from 0.04% to 7.39%, with blue skullcap seed yielding the highest percentage of oil. The stigmasterol and-sitosterol content of the oils ranged from 1.47 ± 0.03mg/100 g (canary grass seed oil) to 26.20 ± 0.40 mg/100 g (quince seed oil). The major monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-oleic acid-was present in Quercus brantii oil, canary grass, and Crataegus aronia seeds. Linoleic acid was the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in Entada rheedii (60.65 ±0.84%), canary grass (64.43±0.17%), and Cydonia oblonga seed oil (63.55 ±1.30%). Linolenic acid was the major fatty acid in the oil of blue skullcap (90.24 ±0.17%) and Lallemantia royleana seeds (85.18 ± 3.79%). Conclusion: Most of the detected seeds, especially S. lateriflora and L. royleana seeds were rich sources of phytosterols and essential fatty acids.
Fatty Acid Patterns of Seeds of SomeSalviaSpecies from Iran–A Chemotaxonomic Approach
In this study, the seed oil content and fatty acid (FA) profile of 21 populations from 16 wild Salviaspecies of Iran were analyzed by GC. Patterns of chemical variations of the oils among species were identifiedvianumerical analyses and also the taxonomic status of the infrageneric grouping was outlined in the genus. Salviaspecies were scored based on the contents of main FAs using principal coordinate analysis (PCO). The results showed that the total oil content in the seeds varied significantly, and ranged from 6.68 to 38.53% dry weight. a-Linolenic (18:3x3, 1.69–53.56%), linoleic (18:2x6, 13.04–60.64%), oleic (18:1x9, 6.15–27.06%), palmitic (16:0, 3.77–9.27%), and stearic (18:0, 1.78–3.05%) acid were identified as five major FAs in the oils. The amount of x-3 and x-6 FAs ranged between 1.90 –53.80% and 13.46–60.83% of total FAs in the seed oils, respectively. The results confirmed that FA profiles were distinctive among the species and that they can be used as chemotaxonomic markers. The discrimination of Salviaspecies according to their botanical classification at intersectional level was supported. In general, seed oils ofSalviaspecies were rich sources of polyunsaturated FAs, except in linoleic and a-linolenic acid, and may be valuable for food and pharmaceutical industries.
Comparative Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition in Seven Plant Seed Oils
One of the main challenges for the successful production and use of microalgae for biodiesel production is to obtain a satisfactory level of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The aims of this study are to identify the best method of lipid extraction and provide high FAME levels and to evaluate their fatty acid profiles. Six lipid extraction methodologies in three microalgae species were tested in comparison with the direct transesterification (DT) of microalgal biomass method. The choice of extraction method affected both the oily extract yield and the FAME composition of the microalgae and consequently may affect the properties of biodiesel. The efficiency of different lipid extraction methods is affected by the solvent polarity, which extracts different target compounds from lipid matrix. Dichloromethane/methanol extraction and Folch extraction produced the largest oil extract yields, but extraction with hexane/ ethanol resulted in the best ester profile and levels. Performing DT reduces the volume of extractor solvent, the time and cost of FA composition analysis, as well as, presents less steps for fatty acid quantification. DT provided biomass FAME levels of 50.2, 636.4, and 258.2 mg.g −1 in Nannochlorophisis oculata, Chaetoceros muelleri, and Chlorella sp., respectively. On the basis of an analysis of the fatty acids profiles of different species, C. muelleri is a promising microalga for biodiesel production. Depending on the extraction method, Chlorella sp. and N. oculata can be considered as an alternative in obtaining arachidonic (Aa) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids.
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2010
This is the first report of the chemical composition of Alphitonia neocaledonica (AN) and Grevillea exul var. rubiginosa (GER) seed oils. Using retention indices and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, an unusual family of unsaturated ω5‐fatty acids has been identified. These include 14:1, 16:1, 18:1 and 20:1. Identification of the unsaturated fatty acids was confirmed by formation of DMOX derivatives which gave characteristic and easily interpreted mass spectra. DMDS adducts were used to identify the positions of double bonds in the monounsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids were 16:1ω5 (45.6%) and 18:1ω9 (20.9%) for GER and 18:2 (23.6%) and 18:3 (20.4%) for AN. The total ω5‐monoenes were 63.4 and 21.5% for GER and AN, respectively. The seed oils of AN and GER can be considered as a good source of ω5‐monoenes, especially for GER. The occurrence of the ω5‐monoenes in Alphitonia neocaledonica can at present be considered as an exception within the Rhamnaceae family. Except ...
Identification ofn-6 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids inAcerSeed Oils
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2018
Seed oils from Acer species are a potential source of the nutraceutical fatty acids, nervonic acid (cis-15tetracosenoic acid, NA), and γ-linolenic acid (cis-6, 9,12-octadecatrienoic acid, GLA). To further characterize the genus, seed fatty acid content and composition were determined for 20 species of Acer. Fatty acid content ranged from 8.2% for Acer macrophyllum to over 36% for A. mono and A. negundo. The presence of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), with chain length of 20-carbons or greater, and GLA were characteristic features of the seed oils. In all species, erucic acid (cis-13-docosenoic acid, EA) was the predominant VLCFA with the highest level of NA being only 8.6% in A. olivianum. Regioselective lipase digestion demonstrated that VLCFA are largely absent from the sn-2 position of seed triacylglycerol, whereas GLA is primarily located at this position. Five Acer species contained low levels (<2%) of cis-12-octadecenoic acid and cis-14-eicosenoic acid, uncommon n-6 fatty acids not previously reported from Acer. Keywords Acer Á Seed oil Á sn-2 MAG Á Very-long-chain fatty acids Á n-6 monounsaturated fatty acids Á Gammalinolenic acid Á Nervonic acid
International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science, 2017
Abutilon pannosum and Grewia tenax is an important medicinal plant in the Indian system of Medicine. It is commonly called khapat or kanghi and gangeti or gudaim, which grows in warm and arid regions. A. pannosum is used in cleaning wound and ulcer, treating vaginal infection, diabetics, haemorrhoids and can also use as an anaemia. [4] G. tenax is used tonsillitis, bone fracture and swelling, lactation, anaemia, porridge. [5] Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy, a hyphenated system which is a very compatible technique and the most commonly used technique for the identification and quantification purpose. The unknown organic compounds in a complex mixture can be determined by interpretation and also by matching the spectra with reference spectra. [6] Fatty acids are widely occurring in natural fats and dietary oils, and they are also important nutritious substances and metabolites in living organisms. [7] The human body needs essential fatty acids to construct and repair cell membranes enabling the cells to obtain optimum nutrition and expel harmful waste products. [8] A primary function of essential fatty acids, which support the cardiovascular, reproductive, immune and nervous systems, is the production of prostaglandins. [9] These regulate body functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood clotting, fertility and play a role in immune system by regulating inflammation. [10-12] Yet there is no report about the fatty acid composition of hexane extract leaves of A. pannosum and G. tenax species, which is the subject of the present study. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Extraction Method About 20 g of powdered material of aerial parts of two selected plants (A. pannosum and G. tenax) were extracted with 750 mL n-hexane for six hours through Gerhardt soxtherm apparatus. The
The seed oil Aristochiaceae mirabilis contains 25.8 percent of saturated acids. The unsaturated acids are only oleic (41.0%) and linoleic (28.8%). the saturated acids are capric (6.2%), lauric (4.0),myristic 6.2), palmitic (11.39%), stearic (7.1%), arachidic (4.8%) and behenic (7.5%). Moreover, sansevieria zeylanica willd nad sanvieria cyndrical, boj, belong to Salvadoraceae family. Both the seed oils contain myristic (1.2%, 1.9%), palmitic (22.3%, 25.8%), stearic (5.5%, 7.2%), arachidic (2.9%, 4.0%) and behenic (4.3%, 4.8%) acids respectively. Traces of lauric acids is also reported in the both the oils, but the seed oil of sansevieria cylindrical contains very small amount of capric acid. The saturated acids are only (29.8%, 30.0%), and (33.3%, 27.2%) respectively.