Steady State Thermal Analysis And Design Of A Cooling System In An Afpm Motor (original) (raw)
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Hybrid Cooling Method of Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Machines for Vehicle Applications
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015
Thermal properties are a key issue in many applications associated with electrical machines. Because of its special configuration, an axial-flux electrical machine usually uses self-ventilation. However, this cooling method has a significant impact degrading the machine operating characteristics, and thus, an independent cooling system is desirable. The focus of this paper is on the steady-state thermal modeling and laboratory testing of an axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) electrical machine intended for a traction application. The proposed hybrid cooling arrangement consists of a frame cooling circuit with a water flow inside, a set of copper bars inserted in the teeth, and a segment of potting material around the end windings. Computational fluid dynamics and finite-element analysis are applied for the preliminary design. This paper provides experimental verification of the simulation results on a 100-kW AFPM electrical machine. Index Terms-Electrical machines, hybrid cooling method, liquid jacket, thermal analysis. I. INTRODUCTION A XIAL-FLUX permanent-magnet (AFPM) electrical machines are gaining popularity in electrical vehicles, bicycles, wind power generation systems, and other applications, where high torque density and compact design are required [1]-[6]. An axial-flux machine usually enables inherent selfventilation because of the rotating rotor disks along the whole diameter and an option to arrange multigaps in the rotor body and its support structure to provide higher turbulence, particularly in the two rotors and one stator design [4], [7], which Manuscript
IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification
For aerospace applications, power density is a major driving force in the design of electrified powertrains. At the forefront is the challenging design of electric motors with high efficiencies, torque, and power capabilities. Due to its high performance, the Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) Motor is expected to be one of the leading technologies to meet the demands of these industries. Finding the balance between the cooling system's effectiveness and subsequent parasitic losses is key to utilizing these performance benefits. Single stator double rotor topologies achieve the best torque density and lower stator losses, however are more challenging to cool as the stator is in the center of the motor. Single stator single rotor and double stator machines are less challenging to cool but typically have lower power density. Rotor air cooling is discussed including the effectiveness of blades, meshes, and vents which can be optimized to prevent demagnetization. Stator cooling is critical as many machines maximize current density C. Jenkins,
Thermal modeling of an AFPMSM: A review
Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, 2015
This paper presents the axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (AFPMSM) and the history of axial flux machines. Various Machine structures, features of the AFPMSM over the conventional machines and disadvantages are clarified. AFPMSMs are being developed for many applications due to their attractive features, these applications are mentioned. It also reviews the studies of thermal modeling of AFPMSM and the various techniques to analyze the thermal behavior of it.
2010
This paper presents the development of a hybrid thermal model for the EVO Electric AFM 140 Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine as used in hybrid and electric vehicles. The adopted approach is based on a hybrid lumped parameter and finite difference method. The proposed method divides each motor component into regular elements which are connected together in a thermal resistance network representing all the physical connections in all three dimensions. The element shape and size are chosen according to the component geometry to ensure consistency. The fluid domain is lumped into one region with averaged heat transfer parameters connecting it to the solid domain. Some model parameters are obtained from Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation and empirical data. The hybrid thermal model is described by a set of coupled linear first order differential equations which is discretised and solved iteratively to obtain the temperature profile. The computation involved is low and th...
The fan design impact on the rotor cooling of axial flux permanent magnet machines
2016 XXII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2016
This document is the author's post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.
Finite Element Analysis of Laminar Heat Transfer within an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine
Mathematical and Computational Applications, 2021
Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machines have gained popularity over the past few years due to their compact design. Their application can be found, for example, in the automotive and medical sectors. For typically considered materials, excessive heat can be generated, causing possible irreversible damage to the magnets, bonding, or other structural parts. In order to optimize cooling, knowledge of the flow and the consequent temperature distribution is required. This paper discusses the flow types and heat transfer present inside a typical AFPM machine. An Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) laminar-energy model is developed using the Nutils open-source Python package. The developed analysis tool is used to study the effects of various important design parameters, such as the air-inlet, the gap-length, and the rotation speed on the heat transfer in an AFPM machine. It is observed that the convective heat transfer at the stator core is negatively affected by adding an air-inlet. However,...
Cfd-Parametric Study In Stator Heat Transfer Of An Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine
2016
This paper copes with the numerical simulation for convective heat transfer in the stator disk of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) electrical machine. Overheating is one of the main issues in the design of AFMPs, which mainly occurs in the stator disk, so that it needs to be prevented. A rotor-stator configuration with 16 magnets at the periphery of the rotor is considered. Air is allowed to flow through openings in the rotor disk and channels being formed between the magnets and in the gap region between the magnets and the stator surface. The rotating channels between the magnets act as a driving force for the air flow. The significant non-dimensional parameters are the rotational Reynolds number, the gap size ratio, the magnet thickness ratio, and the magnet angle ratio. The goal is to find correlations for the Nusselt number on the stator disk according to these non-dimensional numbers. Therefore, CFD simulations have been performed with the multiple reference frame (MRF) t...
Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition (VTMS10), 2011
This paper presents the development of a transient thermal model of the EVO Electric AFM 140 Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine based on a hybrid finite difference and lumped parameter method. A maximum deviation between simulated and measured temperature of 2.4°C is recorded after using a Monte Carlo simulation to optimise model parameters representing a 53% reduction in temperature deviation. The simulated temperature deviations are lower than the measurement error on average and the thermal model is computationally simple to solve. It is thus suitable for transient temperature prediction and can be integrated with the system control loop for feed forward temperature prediction to achieve active thermal management of the system.
Lumped Circuit Thermal Model of an Axial Flux Motor
The thermal behaviour and cooling system efficacy of an axial flux stator has been modelled and investigated. This stator has been designed as part of a generator for a hybrid electric heavy goods vehicle. From the stator cooling system's heat removal capability, an indication of the maximum allowable current and hence corresponding torque and power could be obtained. The thermal model is a lumped circuit model. The model divided the geometry into rectangular pieces in the axial cross section and in different layers in the axial direction. This gives a model that includes both radial and axial heat flow in the machine.