The Multiple Forms of Leishmania major in BALB/C Mice Lung in Iran (original) (raw)
Related papers
Leishmania parasite detection and quantification using PCR-ELISA
Nature Protocols, 2010
L137 JERICHO II) promastigotes; see REAGENT SETUP) ! cautIon L. major is a causal agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Avoid contact of media containing Leishmania parasites with open wounds. Always work with gloves in a biological safety cabinet. Organs or tissues (lymph nodes obtained from male BALB/cHeA (BALB/c (n = 14)) and STS/A (STS (n = 17)) mouse strains killed 8 weeks after L. major infection) 19 PBS (see REAGENT SETUP) NaCl (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. S7653) Na 2 HPO 4 (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. S9390) KH 2 PO 4 (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. P5655) KCl (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. P9333) ! cautIon Avoid contact with skin and eyes and do not breathe dust.
2013
Cases of human oro-mucosal leishmaniasis are mainly reported in areas where Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis perpetuates and the damages are mainly located at the cartilaginous nasal septum and frontal portions of the nasal fossa. In Iran, an area free of any L.(V) braziliensis, three Leishmania species are known to perpetuate through distinct (i) blood-feeding sand flies and (ii) rodents or (iii) canidae. Thus while establishing the diagnosis of any human oro-mucosal lesions, three Leishmania species -L. infantum, L. major, and L. tropica -must be considered as potential etiological agents of these damages. With these objectives in mind, features such as localization, extent, severity of oro-mucosal lesions, and duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis were recorded from 11 patients with respect to the presence or absence of cutaneous lesions in other body parts. The biopsy samples were collected from the oromucosal and cutaneous lesions and were processed for further identification of the Leishmania species. The lesions ranged from mucosal nodules without ulceration, nodules with erosion, and shallow to deep ulcerations. Leishmania major was isolated from six (55%) cases showing lesions or scars. The scars were restricted to upper and lower extremities. For the other five patients who did not display any signs of former or active cutaneous leishmaniasis, L. major, L. tropica, and L. infantum were isolated from their lesions. In conclusion L. major, L. infantum, and L. tropica, regardless of common tropism, can be seen in mucosal tissues. However, L. major was the predominant species detected from the lesions in the nasal, gingival, and hard and soft palates, and L. tropica was isolated from the gingival and lower lip lesions. Leishmania infantum was isolated from two severe cases of deep mucosal damage displayed by the epiglottis, cricoarytenoid muscle, and laryngeal mucosa. One important finding was the association of L. major with active or scarred skin lesions.
2006
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important parasitic diseases which is endemic in different parts of Iran. Serological studies were conducted by direct agglutination test (DAT) on 12144 human serum samples, collected from four geographical zones of Iran. Sero prevalence, geographical distribution, clinical signs and symptoms for human visceral leishmaniasis based on DAT for the period of 2002 through 2005 were determined. From 516 kala-azar cases detected: 50.6% were from Meshkin-shahr and Moghan districts in Ardabil Province, northwest of Iran and 49.4% were detected from other areas of Iran. In physical examination of seropositive cases, which were detected by DAT with anti-leishmanial antibodies at titers of 1: 3200 to 1: 102400, almost 50% of suspected individuals showed the classical kala-azar signs and symptoms. Predominant signs and symptoms in 233 hospitalized patients with anti-Leishmania antibodies at 1:3200 and higher, were fever (88.0%) and splenomegaly (84.5%). Statistically significant difference was found between males (58%) and females (42%) (P< 0.01). Moreover, 93.6% of the VL patients were < 5 yr of age, and 6.4% were older than 5 yr that this difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01). From 1383 serum samples collected from domestic dogs in the villages that are known as endemic foci of human leishmaniasis, 152 (11.0%) were positive by DAT (≥ 1:320). Parasitological and serological examinations that were performed in 30 wild canines showed that 10% of these animals were infected by L. infantum. L. infantum Lon49 is the principal agent of the disease in human as well as animal reservoir hosts in different parts of Iran. For the first time in Iran, L. tropica isolated from both skin lesions in the face and bone marrow aspiration in a HIV + man who co-infected with VL as well as in an infected dog from Ardabil Province.
Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2013
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important parasitic disease in Iran. CL is distributed among more than half of 31 provinces of Iran. Studies on epidemiological aspects of the disease and Leishmania species identification among infected humans are necessary for providing a comprehensive prevention and control program thus; this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all CL suspected patients who referred to Health Centers of Bushehr province from 2009 to 2012. Physical examinations were carried out in suspected individuals and CL cases were confirmed by microscopical examinations. Prepared slides from suspicious cases of CL were fixed with absolute methanol and stained by Giemsa 10 %. All the Giemsa-stained slides examined under a light microscope with high magnification (1,0009) and classified them based on grading of Leishmania parasites. DNA from each slide was extracted, separately. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 was amplified with specific primers and PCR products were digested by restrict enzymes (HaeIII), run them in 3 % gel agarose for electrophoresis and visualized on a UV transilluminator after staining with ethidium bromide. SPSS version 21 was used for data analyses. A total of 726 suspected CL cases were referred to Health Centers of Bushehr province from 2009 to 2012 and samples were only prepared from 188 of the patients whereas 43 (5.9 %) of them were microscopy positive. The most frequent of CL was observed in November (14 %) and December (12 %). The most distribution of CL lesions were observed on hands (32 %), feet (26 %), and face (21 %), respectively. The highest frequency of CL was observed in 1-9 years old (30 %). Altogether, 50 % of the patients showed one skin lesion and 2-10 skin lesions were occurred in the remained CL patients. Totally, 27 out of 43 (63 %) of the Giemsa stained slides were positive by PCR-RFLP assay because all the PCR-RFLP negative slides were prepared 3-4 years ago and kept without cover slip, and also observed scarce amastigotes during microscopy observations. Leishmania species were identified in 21 desirable slides which 14 of them were L. major and 7 of the remained isolates were identified L. tropica using PCR-RFLP.
The changing profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis agent in a central province of Iran
Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2013
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran is usually caused by Leishmania major or L. tropica. However, the direct examination or the cultures of biopsies for diagnosis are not very sensitive. The objective of this study was to identify the responsible species obtained from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to the reference laboratory at Yazd in Iran during 2010-2011 using parasitological and molecular assays. After completing a clinical/epidemiologic data questionnaire for 145 patients with suspected skin lesions, scraping samples were collected. Each specimen was examined using both direct microscopy and molecular assay using polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Location of the lesions included 47.7% on hands, 30.7% on face, 15.4% on feet, and the remainder on other regions. Out of 145 samples, Leishman body was observed in 52 by direct smear and 73 by PCR assay. Molecular assay indicated 36 cases as L. major, 36 cases as L. tropica and one case as unknown. In conclusion, molecular characterization showed changing profile of Leishmania species in the study area which may have implications on treatment and/or control strategies.
… Mediterr Health J, 2004
Between 1991-2000, Leishmania species were isolated and characterized by isoenzyme and molecular analysis from rodents caught in various parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In areas endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, parasites were observed by direct microscopy in smears from 18.6% of 566 specimens. L. major was isolated from 4 species: Rhombomys opimus, Meriones libycus, Tatera indica and Mer. hurrianae. L. turanica was isolated from R. opimus for the first time in this country. In endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis, parasites were observed in liver and spleen from 13.7% of 504 rodents. Two species were positive on culture; promastigotes isolated from Mer. persicus were characterized as L. donovani zymodeme LON50 and from Mesocricetus auratus as L. infantum LON49. Caractérisation de l'infection à Leishmania chez des rongeurs des zones endémiques de la République islamique d'Iran. RÉSUMÉ Entre 1991 et 2000, des espèces de Leishmania ont été isolées et caractérisées par isoenzymes et analyse moléculaire chez des rongeurs capturés dans diverses parties de la République islamique d'Iran. Dans les zones d'endémie de la leishmaniose cutanée, des parasites ont été observés par microscopie directe dans des frottis provenant de 18,6 % des 566 échantillons. L. major a été isolé chez quatre espèces : Rhombomys opimus, Meriones libycus, Tatera indica et Mer. hurrianae. L. turanica a été isolé chez R. opimus pour la première fois dans ce pays. Dans les zones d'endémie de la leishmaniose viscérale, des parasites ont été observés dans le foie et la rate de 13,7 % des 504 rongeurs. Deux espèces ont donné des cultures positives ; les promastigotes isolés chez Mer. persicus ont été caractérisés comme zymodème LON50 de L. donovani et ceux isolés chez Mesocricetus auratus comme LON49 de L. infantum.
BJSTR, 2017
Leishmanios is, is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and spread by the bite of certain types of sand flies. It is a represent a complex of diseases with identical clinical and epidemiological diversity. They depending on clinical symptoms having 3 different species: cutaneous Leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The diff stage involvement to produce infection. This infection diagnosis is the depending on the severity of the diease. The cutaneous leishmaniasis is a not more dangerous compare two other types of leishmaniasis. The diff techniques are available for diagnosis purpose. The efficacy of treatment varies with the type of infecting species and resistance pattern. The persistent lack of vaccine against human leishmaniasis is a result of the poor investment in this neglected parasitosis.
Leishmaniasis: An Emerging and Re-emerging Disease of Global Public Health Concern
Emerging and re-emerging diseases are causing health and economic concerns in developing as well as developed nations of the world. Leishmaniasis is an emerging and re-emerging parasitic disease caused by a protozoa belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family, Kinetoplastida order, and Leishmania genus. The female infected sand fly transmits the disease to the vertebrate host. The following are the several kinds of leishmaniasis: The most deadly form of leishmaniasis is visceral leishmaniasis, which can be fatal if left untreated. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most prevalent type of leishmaniasis, which causes a sore at the bite site. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis begins with skin ulcers that extend to the nose, mouth, and throat, causing tissue damage. Rodents, edentates, canids, procyonids, marsupials, primitive ungulates, and primates are possible disease's reservoir. Direct visualization of the amastigotes in the haematology laboratory is used to diagnose leishmaniasis (Leishman-Donovan bodies). If leishmaniasis in dogs is to be suspected and diagnosed, it is critical to recognize the clinicopathologic features associated with the disease. Finally, demonstrating Leishmania sp. amastigotes, either cytologically or histopathologically, is the most reliable diagnostic test. Controlling sand flies and taking precautions to avoid exposure to them can help to prevent and control canine and human leishmaniasis.