Age-Specific Prostate-Specific Antigen Reference Ranges in Korean Men (original) (raw)
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PLOS ONE, 2023
This study investigates age-specific prostate-specific antigen (PSA) distributions in Taiwanese men and recommends reference ranges for this population after comparison with other studies. From January 1999 to December 2016, a total of 213,986 Taiwanese men aged above 19 years old without history of prostate cancer, urinary tract infection, or prostate infection were recruited from the Taiwan MJ cohort, an ongoing prospective cohort of health examinations conducted by the MJ Health Screening Center in Taiwan. Participants were divided into seven age groups. Simple descriptive statistical analyses were carried out and quartiles and 95th percentiles were calculated for each group as reference ranges for serum PSA in screening for prostate cancer in Taiwanese men. Serum PSA concentration correlated with age (r = 0.274, p<0.001). The median serum PSA concentration (5th to 95th percentile) ranged from 0.7 ng/ml (0.3 to 1.8) for men 20-29 years old (n = 6,382) to 1.6 ng/ml (0.4 to 8.4) for men over 79 years old (n = 504). The age-specific PSA reference ranges are as follows: 20-29 years, 1.80 ng/ml; 30-39 years, 1.80 ng/ml; 40-49 years, 2.0 ng/ml; 50-59 years, 3.20 ng/ml; 60-69 years, 5.60 ng/ml; 70-79 years, 7.40 ng/ml; over 80 years, 8.40 ng/ml. Almost no change occurred in the median serum PSA value in men 50 years old or younger, while a gradual increase was observed in men over 50. Taiwanese men aged 60 years above showed higher 95th percentile serum PSA values compared to Caucasian men and men in other Asian countries but were closer to those of Asian American and African American men. Results indicate significantly different PSA levels correlating to different ethnicities, suggesting that Oesterling's age-specific PSA reference ranges might not be appropriate for Taiwanese men. Our results should be further studied to validate the age-specific PSA reference ranges for Taiwanese men presented in this study.
PLoS ONE, 2014
Objectives: To study the baseline PSA profile and determine the factors influencing the PSA levels within a multiethnic Asian setting. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1054 men with no clinical evidence of prostate cancer, prostate surgery or 5a-reductase inhibitor treatment of known prostate conditions. The serum PSA concentration of each subject was assayed. Potential factors associated with PSA level including age, ethnicity, height, weight, family history of prostate cancer, lower urinary tract voiding symptoms (LUTS), prostate volume and digital rectal examination (DRE) were evaluated using univariable and multivariable analysis. Results: There were 38 men (3.6%) found to have a PSA level above 4 ng/ml and 1016 (96.4%) with a healthy PSA (#4 ng/ ml). The median PSA level of Malay, Chinese and Indian men was 1.00 ng/ml, 1.16 ng/ml and 0.83 ng/ml, respectively. Indians had a relatively lower median PSA level and prostate volume than Malays and Chinese, who shared a comparable median PSA value across all 10-years age groups. The PSA density was fairly similar amongst all ethnicities. Further analysis showed that ethnicity, weight and prostate volume were independent factors associated with age specific PSA level in the multivariable analysis (p,0.05). Conclusion: These findings support the concept that the baseline PSA level varies between different ethnicities across all age groups. In addition to age and prostate volume, ethnicity may also need to be taken into account when investigating serum PSA concentrations in the multiethnic Asian population.
Analysis of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level on Medical Check-up (MCU) Participants
Bali Medical Journal
Background: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is one of the most important biomarkers in the diagnosis, follow-up, and determining the prognosis of prostate cancer. PSA examination can be used to detect the progress of prostate cancer earlier. This research aimed to determine the distribution of PSA levels in male adults in Yogyakarta based on their age groups. Methods: This study was a descriptive study. Data were taken from the medical records of Medical CheckUp (MCU) patients with no symptoms of prostate abnormality. The research subject was limited to adult men who undertook MCU at JIH Hospital Yogyakarta, with a total of 250 participants fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were taken from 2014 to 2018. Participants' age was categorized into age groups. The mean, median, the lowest 95%, and the highest 95% were measured descriptively in each group. Results: The mean serum PSA level was 1.42 ± 1.31 ng/ml in the under 40-year-old group, 1.05 ± 0.42 ng/ml in the 40-49-yearold group, 2.49 ± 5.02 ng/ml in the 50-59-year-old group, 24.83 ± 122.64 ng/ml in the 60-69-year-old group, 25.54 ± 42.59 ng/ml in the 70-79-year-old group, and 7.66 ± 6.72 ng/ml in the ≥ 80-year-old group. The level of PSA increased with age. Conclusion: PSA levels in healthy adult men in Yogyakarta increased with age and PSA levels in Yogyakarta were higher than other populations across the world.
Impact of age on complexed PSA levels in men with total PSA levels of up to 20 ng/mL
Urology, 2003
Objectives. To evaluate the relationship between age and complexed prostate-specific antigen (cPSA) in healthy white men with no evidence of prostatic disease and total PSA (tPSA) levels of 0 to 20 ng/mL. Methods. A total of 10,530 tests for cPSA and tPSA in men between 40 and 79 years old were performed at Innsbruck University, Austria, between 2001 and 2002. After excluding 263 patients because of follow-up biopsy findings indicating prostatic disease, 10,267 PSA tests were available for study. All serum samples were analyzed using the Bayer Immuno 1 cPSA and tPSA assays. cPSA and tPSA values were determined in subjects with tPSA levels between 0 and 20 ng/mL. The concentrations were calculated for the 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles of four age groups (40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to 79 years). For statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The 95th percentile was defined as the upper limit of normal. Results. A total of 10,267 PSA tests were available for study. cPSA and tPSA levels correlated linearly and positively with age (P Ͻ0.001). Percent free PSA showed a significant increase with age (P Ͻ0.001), which may be attributed to the increase in prostate volume with advancing age. Conclusions. Both cPSA and tPSA levels were found to increase with age. The low tPSA and cPSA levels observed at the 95th percentile in men aged 40 to 59 years suggest that lower cutoff values should be used in place of the currently accepted tPSA level of 4 ng/mL. Lower cutoff values may help improve the detection of prostate cancer among otherwise healthy men.
The Prostate, 2006
BACKGROUND. We aim to establish the normal pattern of prostate specific antigen (PSA) change with age to provide a baseline from which disease progression might be identified in prostate cancer patients included in active surveillance programs. METHODS. In a community-based study, PSA values were determined at baseline and after 2.1 and 4.2 years in men without prostate cancer. A bivariate multilevel growth curve model was used to estimate the pattern of change of PSA with age. RESULTS. The final model showed that PSA was related to age only. The future PSA of an individual can be predicted based on his age and known history of PSA. The model was also used to calculate PSA doubling time for men with different PSA values at different ages. CONCLUSIONS. This method establishes normal PSA levels by age using PSA history in men without prostate cancer. The model provides baseline data from which disease progression might be detected.
Insight Urology
Objectives: An appropriate prostate specific antigen (PSA) cut-off value in Thailand has not been investigated, nor has an age-specific PSA reference range. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between metabolic syndrome, metabolic factors, and age specific PSA level. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study in men who underwent medical checkups from September 2019 to December 2019. The 95th percentile PSA value was applied to the normal age-specific reference range. Correlations between PSA levels and a variety of factors were determined using linear regression. Results: A total of 507 men met the criteria to be included in the analysis. Age-specific PSA reference ranges for men aged 40-49, 50-59, and 60-70 years were 0-2.3, 0-3.4, and 0-4.2 ng/ml, respectively. The multivariate adjusted geometric mean PSA model indicated that the factors related to PSA were age, higher body mass index (BMI) and serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥ 100 mg/dl. The age group 50-59 and 60-70...
Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry, 2014
Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the racial and ethnic differences in age specific references range of serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) among healthy Indian Hindu and Muslim males and its comparison with Asian population. Method: The present study was done at Medanta-The Medicity on 1300 adult Indian male patients who were visiting in the executive health checkup package. Out of 1300 subjects, 1060 healthy subjects were Hindus and 193 were Muslims without any prostate disease ranging from age 19-97 years, while rest 47 were excluded due to some urological diseases. Statistical analysis was carried out. Mean + SD, median and the central 95 percentile were calculated for each age group. Result: The age specific reference range of serum PSA values in healthy Hindu males is 0.69 ng/ml in those younger than 40 years; 0.83 ng/ml in 40-49 years; 1.13 ng/ml in 50-59 yrs group; 1.46 ng/ml in 60-69 yrs group; 1.83 ng/ml in men's older than 70 years age group. Whereas the age specific reference range of serum PSA values in healthy Muslim males is 0.86 in those younger than 40 years; 1.01 ng/ml in 40-49 years; 1.41 ng/ml in 50-59 yrs group; 1.70 ng/ml in 60-69 yrs group; 2.92 ng/ml in men's older than 70 years age group. Conclusion: Present study highlighted the age-specific reference range of serum PSA in Healthy Hindu Males are on lower side as compared to Muslim males. The data also suggested that the PSA levels are associated with increasing age.
Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2004
The serum PSA is universally accepted as the useful and clinically relevant tumor marker for monitoring therapy and identifying early recurrence in patients of carcinoma prostate throughout the world. However, application of serum PSA is limited to screening for early adenocarcinoma prostate among males above fifty years of age.Serum PSA concentration varies from one population to another in different parts of the world. Many groups of workers have selected 4 ng/ml of serum PSA as upper limit of normal range without giving due consideration for age specific increase in serum PSA. There is no single report available on normal decade wise age specific reference intervals for serum PSA in Indian males.The present study is undertaken to establish age specific reference intervals in healthy Indian males from 20-89 years belonging to subpopulation of Andhra Pradesh from South India. Our results revealed lowest concentration of 95 percentile serum PSA in Indian males compared to other popu...