Age-Related Changes in the Ceramide Composition of the Major Gangliosides Present in Rat Brain Subcellular Fractions Enriched in Plasma Membranes of Neuronal and Myelin Origin (original) (raw)
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Changes in the Ceramide Composition of Rat Forebrain Gangliosides with Age
Journal of Neurochemistry, 1990
Abstract: Five major gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GDlb, GTlb, and GQlb) were extracted and isolated by normal-phase HPLC from the forebrain of Sprague-Dawley rats of ages ranging from 3 days to 24 months. Each ganglioside was fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC into the molecular species carrying a single long-chain base moiety. At all ages, the C18:1 and C20:l long-chain base species predominated, whereas the C18:0 and C20:0 ones represented 1–3% of the total. The C18:l long-chain base species, predominant at 3 days (91–96%), diminished with age and reached, at 2 years, 73%, 65%, 61%, 59%, and 45% of the total for GDla, GM1, GTlb, GDlb, and GQlb, respectively. The content of the C20:1 long-chain base species, low at birth (4–9%), increased with age in all gangliosides and reached, at 2 years, 27–55% of the total. The developmental behavior of the ganglioside species containing the C18:1 long-chain base was characterized by the following: (a) a biphasic profile with a maximum around 15 days for GD1a, the most abundant ganglioside at all ages; (b) an increase until 6 months for GM1; (c) a sharp decrease until 30 days, followed by leveling for GTlb; and (d) a low, constant level for GDlb and GQlb. All the ganglioside species containing the C20:1 long-chain base showed a constant increase during development, the increase being more marked in the first 30 days. The molecular species of all gangliosides carrying the C18:1 long-chain base were virtually devoid of 20:0 fatty acids and carried a higher content of 18:0 fatty acids than the corresponding C20:l long-chain base species (average 80 versus 57%). Moreover, in the C18:1 long-chain base species, the 18:0 fatty acid content diminished with age from 89 to 72%, with a concurrent increase of 16:0 and 18:1 fatty acids, whereas the C20:l long-chain base species had an age-constant fatty acid composition.
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
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Age-related changes of the ganglioside long-chain base composition in rat cerebellum
Neurochemistry International, 1996
Alrstraet--The ganglioside mixture from the cerebellum of young, 6 month old and two years old rats, was fractionated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, each ganglioside homogeneous in the oligosaccharide chain as well as in the long-chain base being subsequently quantified. Two longchain bases, LCB, were components of the five major gangliosides GM 1, GD 1 a, GD l b, GT l b and GQIb, these being the C18:1 LCB and C20:1 LCB. The content of C20:1 ganglioside molecular species was lower than that of the C 18 : 1 one. In very young animals, day 8, the C20 : 1 ganglioside species represented about 8% of the total ganglioside content, then they progressively increased and reached, at 2 years, about 42% of the total. C18:1 GDla and C18:1 GTlb, were the major species in young animals and reached their highest content at day 29, being 1.45 and 1.28 nmol/mg protein, respectively. The content of these two species decreased in adult and old animals and at two years it was 0.71 and 0.82 nmol/mg protein, respectively.
Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Human Brain Myelin Lipids During Maturation
Journal of Neurochemistry, 1978
The variation with age of the fatty acid composition of the major lipids in human brain myelin was compared with that of cerebral white matter from the same region. The myelin was isolated from the semiovale centre of the cerebrum of 27 subjects neonatal to old aged. The phospholipid, cholesterol and galactolipid concentrations were determined in all the samples, as were the proportions 21, 149-757. 21, 759-773. 545-551. 537-544. BRODY L. E. (1972) Brain Res. 37, 253-263. J . Lipid Res. 6, 146-155. Lipid Res. 9, 215-225. 457-468. 341-351. 413-423.
Ganglioside and lipid composition of bulk‐isolated rat and bovine oligodendroglia
Journal of …, 1989
We have examined the ganglioside composition of 30day and 60-day postnatal rat oligodendroglia, adult bovine oligodendroglia, gray matter, white matter, and myelin and also the total lipid composition of the oligodendroglial preparations. The ganglioside patterns of rat and bovine oligodendroglia, as previously found for human oligodendroglia, were more complex than those of myelin. These data indicate that oligodendroglial perikarya can synthesize many brain type gangliosides, not all of which are incorporated into the compact myelin. Alternatively, the ganglioside composition of myelin may be altered in situ by the myelin-associated neuraminidase. In these two species, as in human, GM4 appears specific to oligodendroglia and myelin, while GD3 and GM3 are enriched in oligodendroglia but not myelin. In bovine oligodendrocytes GD3 is the major ganglioside. The total lipid concentration, as well as the percentage of cholesterol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine, differ for 30-and 60-day-old rat oligodendroglia and may be developmentally correlated with changes in myelin composition during myelinogenesis. There are also marked differences in the lipid composition of bovine oligodendroglia compared to rat oligodendroglia, with the former having more galactolipid and less ethanolamine phosphoglycerides.
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2002
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cell-specific proteins are assembled with a highly ordered membrane lipid bilayer to the myelin sheath of axons, which functions as an insulator and allows rapid saltatory conduction. We approached the question of the function of the CNS and PNS myelin-specific galactospingolipids cerebrosides and sulfatides by generating a ceramide galactosyltransferase null allelic mouse line (cgt~).Galactocerebroside-and sulfatide-deficient myelin loses its insulating properties and causes a severe dysmyelinosis that is incompatible with life. Here, we describe the biochemical and biophysical analysis of the myelin lipid bilayer of cgt~mice. The lipid composition of CNS and PNS myel m of cgt~mice is seriously perturbed and the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway altered. Nonhydroxy and hydroxy fatty acid-substituted glycosylceramides (GIcC) are synthesized by oligodendrocytes and sulfated GIcC in addition in Schwann cells. The monogalactosyldiglyceride fraction is missing in the cgt~mouse. This new lipid composition can be correlated with the biophysical properties of the myelin sheath. The deficiency of galactocerebrosides and sulfatides leads to an increased fluidity, permeability, and impaired packing of the myelin lipid bilayer of the internodal membrane system. The loss of the two glycosphingolipid classes causes the breakdown of saltatory conductance of myelinated axons in the cgt' mouse. KeyWords: Myelin lipid bilayer-Packing of acyl chains-Polar head group-Insulation and conductance-Ceramide galactosyltransferase deficiency.
The turnover of the lipid components of myelin
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1965
The rate of loss of radioactivity in the lipid components of rat myelin labeled with acetate‐1‐C14 was determined over a period of one year. Rats were injected with acetate‐1‐C14 at 15舑16 days of age and purified myelin was prepared by differential ultracentrifugation from brain and spinal cord of this group at 1 day, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after injection. Total lipid was extracted from the myelin preparations and the lipids were separated into their components by thin‐layer chromatography. Cholesterol, galactolipid, ethanolamine phosphatide, choline phosphatide, inositol phosphatide, serine phosphatide and sphingomyelin specific activities at each age were measured. Three of the myelin lipid components, serine phosphatide, inositol phosphatide, and choline phosphatide decreased in specific activity faster than cerebroside, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and ethanolamine phosphatide. Acetate‐1‐C14 injected into adult animals, though incorporated into...
Gangliosides and allied glycosphingolipids in human peripheral nerve and spinal cord
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (bba) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 1994
were determined in human spinal cord, cauda equina and femoral nerve of 10 subjects aged 20-70 years and in dorsal and ventral roots of four subjects aged 17-60 years. Myelin was isolated from corresponding tissue. Axons were isolated from the four specimens of dorsal and ventral roots. The concentration (mean and standard error of mean) of gangliosides in spinal cord was 0.80 f 0.03 pmol sialic acid/g fresh tissue, in cauda equina 0.40 f 0.02 @mot/g and in femoral nerve 0.23 & 0.01 pmol/g. In spinal cord only trace amounts of glycosphingoiipids of the lacto series were found, and the ganglioside pattern differed from that in cerebral white matter by a relativeiy high proportion of GD3 and a low proportion of GDla. The ganglioside patterns were almost identical in cauda equina and femoral nerve -the major ganglioside being 3'-LMl, 0.07 and 0.04 kmol/g respectively. Another ganglioside of the lacto series, 3'-HexLMl, was 25% of 3'-LMl. Peripheral nerve also contained three acidic glycosphingolipids in addition to sulfatide -LKl and HexLKl belonging to the glycosphingolipid iacto series and containing glucuronyl-3-sulfate instead of sialic acid, and inositolphospho~l galactosylceramide. The dorsal (sensory and ventral (motor) roots had the same major membrane lipid composition but the ganglioside concentration was 30% higher in sensory than motor nerve and myelin. The patterns of gangliotetraose gangliosides were, however, the same in motor and sensory myelin and axons. The ceramide composition of the gangliosides is also reported.