Assesment of Alkali Resistance of Basalt Used as Concrete Aggregates (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A, 2015
Basaltic rocks are used extensively as engineering materials including aggregates for Portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete. Syria is very rich in Basaltic rocks. There are reserves estimated to be several billion tonnes according to recent geological investigations. The annual production of concrete in Syria is about 20 million m 3 , containing about 35 million tonnes of aggregates. Due to some concerns, use of basalt as concrete aggregate is very limited in Syria. Because of additional costs of transportation of dolomite aggregate produced in quarries located about 200 km far from the southern region, studying suitability of basaltic rocks occurring in As-Swaida'a region as local aggregate source would be very important. As-Swaida is basically an agricultural city. However, it has recently witnessed urban and industrial developments. This paper is part of larger research on evaluating the basaltic rocks extracted from As-Swaida'a region, as a potential source of concrete aggregate. Effects of aggressive acidic environments on concrete have been investigated through 3 months of exposure to 5% H 2 SO 4 , 10% HCl, 5% HNO 3 and 10% CH 3 COOH solutions. In addition, concrete permeability measured in terms of water penetration depth was evaluated for concrete after two curing time of 28 and 90 days. A RCPT (Rapid chloride penetration test) has also been carried out according to ASTM C 1202. Dolomite aggregate were used for comparison. Petrographical, chemical and physical characteristics of basaltic rocks have been reported as well. The experimental results revealed that As-Swaida'a basaltic rocks were suitable for production of crushed rock aggregates for concrete production. The resistance to all acidic solutions, except H 2 SO 4 solution, was improved substantially with the use of basalt aggregate. In addition, the resistance to water permeation and to chloride penetration of concrete increased with the use of basalt aggregates compared with dolomite aggregate. Moreover, definite correlations were noted between some acidic attacks.
Properties of Diyarbakir Basalt for Concrete Mix
Concrete is the most common structural material used in construction of buildings etc. in the world. the chemical and physical properties of aggregates have a great importance in concrete design with respect to strength and durability of concrete structures. In this study, as a concrete aggregate, basalt which is common around Diyarbakır province and mineral additives which are waste materials together with cement are used as binding material. This paper has come into prominence as it aims to determine proper admixture levels and usability of Diyarbakır basalt in concrete admixture following the mechanical, physical and chemical properties.
Materials, 2022
In this study, basalt, which is common around Diyarbakır province (Turkey), is used as concrete aggregate, waste materials as mineral additives and Portland cement as binding material to prepare concrete mixes. This paper aims to determine the proper admixture levels and usability of Diyarbakır basalt in concrete mixtures based on mechanical, physical and chemical tests. Thus, in order to determine the strength and durability performance of concrete mixtures with Diyarbakır basalt as aggregate, 72 sample cubes of 150 mm were prepared in three groups: mineral-free admixture (MFA), 10% of cement amount substituted for silica fume (SFS) and 20% for fly ash (FAS) as waste material. The samples were exposed to water curing and 100g/L sulphate solution to determine the loss in weight of the concrete cubes and compressive strength was examined at the end of 7, 28 and 360 days of the specimens. Analysis of the microstructure and cracks that influence durability, were also performed to deter...
Alkali-silica reactivity of basaltic aggregates of Mesopotamia Argentina: case studies
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2019
This work consists of two stages; first, studies were conducted to evaluate the potential reactivity of crushed material (6-20 mm fraction) from two quarries (named A and B) producing basaltic aggregates in the northeast of Argentina (Mesopotamia region, province of Corrientes). The studies included petrographic analysis, identification of expandable clay by X-ray diffraction, and standardized physical tests on mortar bars and concrete prisms to evaluate their potential reactivity. Also, dissolved silica was determined according to the chemical test method. Although the studied aggregates cannot be qualified in the same way based on the results of the physical tests, there is a direct relationship between the glass and expandable clay content in the samples (quarry A aggregate > quarry B aggregate) and their behavior in the physical and chemical tests (higher values for aggregates A). In the second stage, two structures of the province of Corrientes were studied: an urban pavement (made with aggregate A) and an airport runway (made with aggregate B), both with signs of alkali-silica reaction (ASR). A visual survey was carried out and concrete cores were extracted. On the latter, physical tests, petrographic studies, and SEM-EDS determinations were performed to identify reaction products. In the urban pavement, aggregate A, used as coarse aggregate, and the presence of siliceous sandstones rich in chalcedony and microcrystalline quartz in the fine aggregate would have contributed to ASR development, while in the airport runway, the initial deterioration would have favored the ASR as a secondary process.
Basaltic rocks from Argentina used in concrete structures
Global View of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2013
Basaltic rocks have been widely used in several countries of South America for major engineering projects, such as the hydroelectric dam "Yacyretá", built on the Paraná River, between Argentina and Paraguay. Moreover, basalts are very abundant in the Patagonia and participate in important amounts in most coarse and fine aggregates (gravel and sand). However, there are engineering works where important damage has been detected as result of the alkali-silica reaction. The aim of this work is to study basalt quarries located in the NE of Argentina to identify deleterious species, mainly fresh and devitrified volcanic glass, expansive clays and residual cryptocrystalline silica. Petrographical studies on thin sections and X-ray diffraction were made and the results obtained were compared with the behavior of these aggregates in structures in service and with standard test methods (accelerated mortar bar method, ASTM 1260 and dissolved silica determined according to chemical method, ASTM C289) studied in previous works. Both engineering works were constructed on the fluvial valley of the Paraná River. Also, most of the urban pavements and national and provincial roads, such as the National Road 127 are constructed with these materials. It should be noticed that this road is deteriorated as result of alkalisilica reaction development (Maiza et al. 2010). These rocks are suitable for use as aggregates in concrete due to their physical and mechanical properties. However, there are some engineering works where important damage has been detected as result of alkali-silica reaction due to the presence of volcanic glass (fresh and devitrified) and cryptocrystalline silica (e.g.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014
This study aims at environmentally assessing the most significant input and output flows related to the production of concrete using basalt aggregates. For this purpose, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied according to the ISO 14040:2006 and 14044:2006. All data used were collected on site based on observations during site visits, review of documents and interviews with technical personnel and management. They were processed by using SimaPro 7.3.3, accessing the Ecoinvent v.2.2 database and using the Impact 2002þ method. The LCIA results show that the most impacting phase is the production of the basalt aggregates, with "Human Health" being the most affected damage category because of the emissions to air, of 2.7 kg of particulates (grain size <2.5 mm). In addition to this, the concrete production causes, mainly, the emission, in air, of 465 kg of Carbon Dioxide and the consumption of 37.37 kg of crude oil, per cubic metre of concrete, affecting, the damage categories "Climate Change" and "Resources" also. Regarding "Ecosystem Quality", the occurred damage is due to the emission to air, of 29.6 g of Aluminium and of 251 mg of Zinc into the soil per cubic metre of concrete. Based on the obtained results, the increase of the amount of water used for particulates removal during the basalt extraction phase was assessed. Furthermore, the alternative use of limestone aggregates was assessed from both technical and environmental perspectives. The analysis developed highlighted a total damage decrease of 67%.
2016
In this study, suitability of aggregates, obtained from an aggregate quarry of Balıkçılar village meeting significant portion of crushed stone aggregate demand of construction sector and used in constructions in central town of Ardahan province, for concrete production and concrete compressive strength were investigated. Samples taken from the selected quarry were subjected to physico-mechanical analyses to determine their compliance with the relevant standards on sufficiency, physical, mechanical characteristics, chemical and mineralogical properties. Then, concrete was produced from these aggregates in a laboratory and strength tests were conducted on concrete specimens. Cement dosage was taken as 270 kg/dm 3 for C20/25, 300 kg/dm 3 for C25/30 and 360 kg/dm 3 for C30/37. Results revealed that majority of the values were within the limit values specified in relevant standards. Although the amount of fine materials and alkali-silica reaction were close to limit values, concrete test...
Potential Reactivity to Alkalis of Portuguese Volcanic Aggregates for Concrete
Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5, 2014
In Portugal, volcanic rocks are commonly used as concrete aggregates for concrete in Madeira and Azores Islands and in a lesser extent in the Mainland. Nonetheless, the information about the potential alkali-silica reactivity of Portuguese volcanic rocks is rather scarce. In order to fulfill this lack of information and in the scope of a Portuguese research project, four volcanic aggregates from the Portuguese Mainland and Madeira Archipelago were investigated. For this purpose petrographic characterization (polarizing microscopy complemented by bulk chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive detector) along with expansion laboratory tests were carried out. In this paper, results of the investigation are presented aiming to establish a possible correlation among the results from the used methods.
Basalt Powder Waste Application as Affordable Concrete Admixture
Journal of Building Materials and Structures
Different weather conditions, like temperature and humidity influence on the performance of concrete structures to which they are normally subjected, especially at earlier stage of their service life. One of practical measures has been the regulation of the setting time of fresh concrete. Some admixtures are used in concrete to regulate the setting time and therefore increase structures performance under given situation. Almost all admixtures used in Rwanda are being imported from outside the country and this is one of factors affecting the construction cost. A big quantity of basalt powder at different sites in the country is left without being used and has been negatively impacting the environment. This study aimed at analyzing the potentials of basalt powder waste used in concrete as admixtures in different percentages, e.g. 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Different investigations on concrete incorporating basalt powder as admixture, such as the setting time, workability and compressio...
Effect of basalt powder addition on properties of mortar
MATEC Web of Conferences
The study evaluates the use of waste basalt powder as a replacement of cement to enhance hydration of cement and mortar properties. The basalt powder is a waste resulting from preparation of aggregate used in asphalt mixture production. Previous studies have shown that analysed waste used as a fine aggregate replacement has a beneficial effect on some properties of mortar and concrete, i.e. compressive strength, flexural strength and freeze resistance. The present study shows the results of the research concerning the modification of cement paste and mortar with basalt powder. The modification consists in adding the powder waste as a partial replacement of cement. The percentages of basalt powder in this research are 0-40% and 0-20% by mass of cement in the pastes and mortars respectively. The experiments were carried out to determine the influence of basalt powder on cement hydration, as well as compressive and flexural strength. Results indicate that addition of basalt powder as a...