A review of botanical phytochemicals with mosquitocidal potential (original) (raw)
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Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides
The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2012
Mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya ferver, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile Virus infection, etc. Under the Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), emphasis was given on the application of alternative strategies in mosquito control. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance in vector species, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain and adverse effects on environmental quality and non target organisms including human health. Application of active toxic agents from plant extracts as an alternative mosquito control strategy was available from ancient times. These are nontoxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show broad-spectrum target-specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and mosquitocidal activity, their mechanism of action on target population, variation of their larvicidal activity according to mosquito species, instar specificity, polarity of solvents used during extraction, nature of active ingredient and promising advances made in biological control of mosquitoes by plant derived secondary metabolites have been reviewed.
Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization
Springer eBooks, 2016
Mosquitoes act as vectors for many life-threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile virus infection, etc. Vector control is by far the most successful method for reducing the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases, but the emergence of widespread insecticide resistance and the potential environmental issues associated with some synthetic insecticides has indicated that additional approaches to control the proliferation of mosquito population would be an urgent priority research. Mosquitoes develop genetic resistance to synthetic insecticides and even to biopesticide such as Bacillus sphaericus. Also synthetic insecticides adversely affect the environment by contaminating air, water, and soil. There is an urgent need to find alternatives to the synthetic insecticides which are more potent and low cost. Plants are a rich source of alternative agents for control of mosquitoes, because they possess bioactive chemicals, which act against a limited number of species including specific target insects and are eco-friendly. Traditionally, plant-based products have been used in human communities for many centuries for managing insects. Several secondary metabolites present in plants serve as a defense mechanism against insect attacks. These bioactive chemicals may act as insecticides, antifeedants, molting hormones, oviposition deterrents, repellents, juvenile hormone mimics, growth inhibitors, antimolting hormones, as well as attractants. Plant-based pesticides are less toxic, and there is a delay in the development of resistance because of their new structure and easy biodegradability. In present article, the local and traditional uses of plants in mosquito control, current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources, and the mosquitocidal properties of secondary metabolites have been reviewed.
Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides. Indian J Med Res
The Indian Journal of Medical Research
Mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya ferver, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile Virus infection, etc. Under the Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), emphasis was given on the application of alternative strategies in mosquito control. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance in vector species, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain and adverse effects on environmental quality and non target organisms including human health. Application of active toxic agents from plant extracts as an alternative mosquito control strategy was available from ancient times. These are non-toxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show broad-spectrum target-specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and mosquitocidal activity, t...
Plant extracts as a source of bio-insecticide for mosquito control, review
2019
Mosquitoes are the vectors of the major infectious diseases of Public Health concern such as Malaria, Dengue, Lymphatic filariasis, Yellow fever, Chikwungunya and Zika virus causing morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical Africa and the present practice of using synthetic chemical insecticides to control mosquito vectors have result in the development of serious resistance, persistent pollution and damaging the ecosystem. This work reviewed the adulticidal activities of some plants extracts and oils: Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), Spear mint (Mentha piperita), Lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum), Coffee senna (Senna occidentalis), Purple dead-nettle (Lamium purpurium), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaves extracted with different solvents and were established as effective bio-insecticide against different genus and species of mosquitoes which can be used as an alternative means of controlling the population of mosquito vectors that would be environmentally safe and s...
International Journal of Sciences Basic and Applied Research, 2014
Six (6) plant species were screened for larvicidal potentials against the larvae of Southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. The plants included Hyptis lanceolata, Hyptis suaveolens, Hyptis spicigera, Lantana camara, Cymbopogon citratus and Zingiber officinale. Crude extracts were obtained in different solvents using Soxhlet extractor. Their larviciding activity was investigated by immersion and batches of 20 instar larvae were treated with 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000mg/l of the plant extracts after 96 hours exposure, for 5 days and in three replicates. Extracts that did not cause mortality at 62.5mg/l necessitate the use of higher concentrations (1500 and 2000 mg/l). Control treatment consists of 1ml acetone in distilled water. Results revealed that all the 6 plants exhibited varying larvicidal activity. L. camara showed highest percentage mortality (63.20%) at the least concentration of 62.5mg/l. This was followed by H. lanceolata, H. suaveolens (57.9%) and Z. officinale which caused 57.9% each at this same concentration. Determined L 50 and L 95 indicated L. camara (56.23 and 223.87mg/l) to be the most potent of the plant extracts. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in efficacy of concentrations and the various exposure periods. Recommendation was made for the inclusion of these plant extracts in an integrated pest control scheme.
Evolution, Current Status and Prospects of Phyto-Repellents against Mosquitoes
International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine, 2017
Mosquitoes enjoy wide geographical distribution and act as vectors for diverse pathogenic organisms from viruses to protozoans. Mosquito-borne diseases have a long history with some of them like Malaria dominating the scene for centuries. New diseases like Dengue fever, Zika viral disease etc. get added to the list from time to time. Vector control is an effective and widely accepted strategy in the management of mosquito-borne diseases. Mosquito repellents are an important product range extensively used for the management of mosquito-borne diseases. The research and development activities on mosquito repellents of plant origin have been reviewed in this article and classified into three categories like research reports, patents and commercial products, based on their outcomes. The relevance of plant-based mosquito repellents is discussed with reference to current societal and market trends. The review has revealed an increasing trend among researchers towards product development an...
Acta Tropica, 2019
Highlights This review covers current knowledge about plant extracts effective as mosquito larvicides. More than 400 plant species, belonging to 101 botanical families, were surveyed. 29 of these extracts have outstanding larvicidal activity (i.e., LC50<10 ppm) The efficacy of pure compounds isolated from the most effective extracts and their modes of action are analysed. We focused on field studies, the development of commercial products and challenges for future research.
Larvicidal Activity of Some Plant Extracts against Mosquitoes
2017
Mosquitoes are the major vector for the transmission of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, schistosomiasis and Japanese encephalitis. Malaria is one of the most important causes of direct or indirect infant, child and adult mortality with approximately two to three million new cases arising every year, in the tropics, in general and India, in particular. There is a need for more effective antimalaria drugs with broad host specificity. Medicinal plants have been known to have antimalarial activity; however there is lack of data as well as research of the same. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques. Although several plants have been reported for mosquitocidal activity, only a few plants are in actual use. The present work was aimed at finding the antimalarial activity of some medicinal plants like Momoradica charantia, Glyricidia sepium, Vitex neegundo, Gardenia jasminoides, Carica papaya, Annona reticulata L. and Chrysa...
In the course of our studies on the valorization of plants used by the Nkundo people in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRCongo), we have carried out a preliminary screening of 50 aqueous extracts (at a standard concentration of 1%) from 35 plants for their larvicidal potential on late third or early fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. It resulted that 7 ethanol extracts from 4 plants including Crossopteryx febrifuga (Cf) root bark, Penianthus longifolius root bark, Piper guineense fruit, root and stem barks (PG) and Quassia africana stem and root bark (QA) were found to be most active with larval mortality rates ranging from 85-100% after 24 h exposure. Piper guinsense leaves produced 58.33±2.89% mortality. In addition to these 4 most active samples, 7 corresponding 80% ethanol extracts were Musuyu et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences prepared by maceration. In total, 14 ethanol extracts were tested at 10 concentrations (20-0.4 mg/ mL) on late third or early fourth instar larvae of 3 types of larvae [Aedes aegypti (AA), Anopheles gambiae (AG) and Culex quinquefasciatus (CQ)]. Based on the 24 h LC 50 values, the ethanol extracts were found more active than their aqueous counterparts; AG and CQ were more sensitive. Most interesting extracts displayed LC 50 values < 0.039 mg/mL. They included ethanolic extracts from fruits, root bark and stem bark of PG towards both AG and CQ as well as from root bark and stem bark of QA towards CQ. In conclusion, the most active extracts may constitute a basis for the production of eco-friendly and biodegradable plant-based insecticides. They can be used solely or in potentially synergistic combinations with other known plant-based insecticides.