Effect of Moisture Content on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo (original) (raw)
Related papers
Mechanical properties of different bamboo species
MATEC Web of Conferences
Bamboo is a rapid renewable plant that has a fast growth rate as compared to trees, which increases its suitability to be used as a sustainable source for wood industry, especially in construction works. Due to the lack of understanding on bamboo properties, the utilization of bamboo in construction has always been neglected. This paper presents an investigation on the mechanical properties of four species of treated bamboos that are available in Malaysia, which include Bambusa Vulgaris, Dendrocalamus Asper, Schizostachyum Grande, and Gigantochloa Scortechinii. A mechanical testing was carried out in various parts along the culm of these bamboo species in order to examine the differences of their compressive strength and tensile strength. The strength development and moisture content of these bamboo species were also monitored at a five-month interval. The results showed that Bambusa Vulgaris, Dendrocalamus Asper, and Gigantochloa Scortechinii possess excellent mechanical properties in compression and tensile strength, which indicate a good quality to be used as a construction material. As bamboo offers promising advantages, thus, it is suitable to be used as a substitute in place of structural timber in construction, which indirectly facilitates the preservation of the global environment.
2019
Bamboo is a rapidly renewable resource, used in many countries as a viable building construction material. It is not widely used in the U.S. or other western countries however, partly because it is not yet included in building codes or safety standards. To develop these, the mechanical properties of bamboo must be fully understood and documented. Studies have been published by many different researchers, but they have not yet been aggregated or compared. From this literature 43 publications (in English, Portuguese, and Spanish) presenting mechanical properties for bamboos were selected and analyzed. Five mechanical properties were reviewed: shear strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE). Properties were found to have a wide range, so major variables were investigated: age, bamboo species, density, moisture content, post-harvest treatment, and the testing standards employed. The findings suggest no consistent correlat...
2015
With the continued rapid development of the global economy and constant increase in population, the overall demand for wood and wood-based products will likely continue to increase in the future. However, modern applications are being discovered, several of which are based on bamboo's unique physical and mechanical properties. Bamboo is currently being looked upon as a low-cost panacea for the enormous housing problems faced by several developing countries. Some physical and mechanical properties of bamboo were determined using standard procedures. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three treatments and three replicates was adopted. The results of the study showed that the specific gravity of the selected bamboo base on location had the mean values of 0.67, 0.67 and 0.64 for top, middle and base respectively and base on age series it had the mean specific gravity of 0.51, 0.71 and 0.76 for ages one, three and five years respectively. The moisture content ranged bet...
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Different Bamboo Species for Structural Applications
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
The aim of this research was to investigate fundamental mechanical properties of different bamboo types which are relevant to construction work .Four bamboo species imported from IHBT Palampur were tested namely Dendrocalumus Hamiltonii, Bambusa Nutans, Bambusa Tulda, Bambusa Balcoa. These species were subjected to three point bending test, tensile test parallel to grain, compression test parallel to axis of culm, shear test parallel to fibre. The results showed that Bambusa Nutans possess excellent mechanical properties in compression and tensile strength, which indicates it can be used as construction material. Most of the bamboo species are hollow but this study takes into account a bamboo which is nearly solid named as Bambusa tulda.The research revealed out that solid bamboo is not too far from hollow one in terms of mechanical properties and can equally be utilized for construction work.
Bamboo as a Sustainable Building Material—Culm Characteristics and Properties
Sustainability
Bamboo culm is a renewable and lightweight material with high strength, particularly tensile strength. It is well accepted that bamboo culms have played a significant role in architecture because of their sustainable contribution. The culm characteristics and properties of three-year-old bamboo from five species (Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus sericeus, Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Thyrsostachys oliveri, and Phyllostachys makinoi) were investigated. The results show that each bamboo species has different culm characteristics along with culm length. Culm size, particularly the outer culm diameter and culm wall thickness, affects the ultimate load. These results confirm that a bigger culm with a thicker wall could receive more load. D. asper received the highest ultimate load, while T. oliveri received the lowest ultimate load. However, when calculating the test results for stress (load per cross-section area), P. Makinoi showed excellent mechanical properties, while D. asper showe...
Investigating the mechanical properties of some bamboo species for efficient utilization in Ghana
The use of bamboo is advocated to reduce pressure on dwindling commercial timber species, around the world. To extensively utilize bamboo in various forms such as housing, their properties need to be known. But little information exist on these properties especially their mechanical properties. In this study, the mechanical properties viz. static bending strength (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and compressive strength, of laminated bamboo boards produced from three plantation managed bamboo species namely Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus brandisii and Guadua chacoensis were determined. The bamboo species were obtained from Kade which is located at the moist semi-deciduous ecological zone in Ghana. The bamboo culms were prepared and glued into boards after they were air dried to about 13% moisture content. The lamination was done with three different glue types available on the Ghanaian market. The test specimens were prepared as required by the British Standard BS 373:1957. Tests revealed that Bambusa vulgaris laminated with a 5-minute hardening polyurethane adhesive had a mean 2 2 MOR of 62.58N/mm and MOE of 9915 N/mm. Dendrocalamus brandisii laminated boards had mean 2 2 MOR of 99.73N/mm and MOE of 11594 N/mm. Guadua chacoensis with the same adhesive had a mean 2 2 MOR of 80.25N/mm and MOE 7861N/mm. The laminated boards from these three species exhibited properties that make it suitable to be used as boards for housing.
Potential and Structural Variation of Some Selected Cultivated Bamboo Species in Peninsular Malaysia
2012
Screening of different cultivated bamboo species to find out potential variety of bamboo is most important. Structural variations in term of anatomy, physical and strength properties of 3 year-old cultivated Gigantochloa brang, G. levis, G. scotechinii and G. wrayi were investigated for screening purposes. The culms of these bamboos were selected, harvested and processed for subsequent studies. The results show that each species exhibited differences in the anatomy, physical and strength properties. Each species has differences in the fiber characteristics which showed significant differences between species in terms of length, diameter and lumen sizes. The vascular bundle for these genera were between 4-7/4mm 2 and were dense at the outer position in the cross section of the culm having 8.5 vascular bundle/4mm 2 , middle 4.88 vascular bundle/4mm 2 and at the inner position having 3.4 vascular bundle per/4mm 2 . The vascular bundle length was between 845-1183 μm and a width of 530-759 μm. The fibre lengths were between (1745.00-2039.98 μm), diameter (17.26-22.75 μm), lumen (3.83-8.66 μm) and wall thickness (1.3 -5.31μm). The moisture content (MC) of the bamboo in green condition ranged between 73-112%, the MC is higher at internodes (95%) compared to nodes (78%). Position at inner layer has MC at 126%, middle at 83% and outer at 41%. Density increases from outer to inner layer which started from 500 kg/m 2 at inner and increased to more than 820 kg/m 2 at outer part of bamboo at 12% moisture content. The specific gravity for all species tested was about 0.69 -0.78, but the inner position is 0.58, middle 0.73 and outer positions is 0.94. Shrinkage at radial, tangential and the volumetric were at 5-9, 7-12, and 10-17% respectively for all species. Position in a higher rate of shrinkage were at inner (8.6, 13.50, 15.44%), follow by middle (6.85, 9.72, 12.57%) and outer (5.04, 6.52, 10.40%) respectively. The tensile strength for the bamboos ranged between 103.38-122.15 MPa. The tensile strength of dried bamboo is 138.87 MPa compared with 89.95 MPa for green bamboo. The tensile of modulus of air dried bamboo is 4003.85 MPa compared with 2786.96 MPa for green bamboo. The modulus of rupture (MOR) for the bamboos ranged between 91.19-132 MPa. The MOR for dried bamboo was 142.21 MPa compared to the green bamboo 99.56 MPa. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) varies between 11961.70-20430.40 MPa. MOE of air dried bamboo was 17610.00 MPa and green bamboo 13777.80 MPa.
On the influence of Dendrocalamus giganteus bamboo microstructure on its mechanical behavior
Construction and Building Materials, 2016
h i g h l i g h t s Dendrocalamus giganteus' voids volume fraction reaches 40% on the internal layer. Microtomography is necessary to quantify matrix's porosity through image analysis. The total voids volume fraction can be estimated through a humidity variation test. Tensile behavior and mechanical properties are dictated by the fiber volume fraction. Compressive mechanical properties present quasi-linear correlation with density.
Procedia Engineering, 2014
The development of the use of bamboo increased as non-wood material. The bamboo Gigantchloaatroviolacea is the most popular bamboo used as a construction material in some region of Indonesia. Some weakness bamboo are bamboo non-homogen material, sectional form non-prismatik, the straigthness stems not the same, on the culms guiler node and a cross section in hollow. Effects of node, internode and height position on mechanical properties of bamboo were evaluated. In this article, the mechanical properties of Gigantochloaatroviolacea bamboo was studied (shear, compression and tensile). In this study, selected of the mechanical properties of bamboo culms, located at different height were investigated with ISO 22157 and ASTM. The mechanical properties of bamboo at node, internode and height position were tested in air dry condition. Base on the test re sults of all properties strength were increased from bottom to top. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed of the effects of node and internode of least significant difference (LSD) except tensile parallel to grain of significant. The effect of hight position (bottom, middle and top) was significant except tensile strength perpendicular to grain of least significant difference (LSD). The interaction between node, internode and hight position was least significant difference (LSD) except tensile parallel to grain of significant.
Comparison of the flexural behavior of natural and thermo-hydro-mechanically densified Moso bamboo
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2016
The flexural properties in the longitudinal direction for natural and thermo-hydromechanically densified Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) culm wall material are measured. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) increase with densification, but at the same density, the natural material is stiffer and stronger than the densified material. This observation is primarily attributed to bamboo's heterogeneous structure and the role of the parenchyma in densification. The MOE and MOR of both the natural and densified bamboo appear linearly related to density. Simple models are developed to predict the flexural properties of natural bamboo. The structure of the densified bamboo is modelled, assuming no densification of bamboo fibers, and the flexural properties of densified bamboo are then predicted using this structure and the same cell wall properties of that of the natural material modelling. The results are then compared with those for two analogous structural bamboo products: Moso bamboo glulam and scrimber.