Medicinal plants: Treasure trove for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications (original) (raw)
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Medicinal Plant Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles: A Review
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT
The use of medicinal plant resources in the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) is remarkable in nanobiotechnology for its unique physicochemical and biological properties such as morphological diversity, large surface area by volume proportion, conductivity, stability, dispersity, and toxicity to microbes, or cancerous cells. Active phytochemicals or bioactive compounds in various medicinal plants such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, steroids, ascorbic acids etc. are capable of the bio-fabrication of various MNPs during the green synthesis. The biosynthesis method has a great potential to improve the manufacture of nanoparticles (NPs) without using any harmful and costly materials or chemicals that have been widely used in other traditional processes. The present review aims to describe the biosynthesis of metallic NPs using medicinal plant extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. This review also focuses on the current state of various characterization tec...
Current developments in green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts: a review
Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) produced by green approaches have received global attention because of their physicochemical characteristics and their applications in the field of biotechnology. In recent years, the development of synthesizing NPs by plant extracts has become a major focus of researchers because of these NPs have low hazardous effect in the environment and low toxicity for the human body. Synthesized NPs from plants are not only more stable in terms of size and shape, also the yield of this method is higher than the other methods. Moreover, some of these MNPs have shown antimicrobial activity which is consistently confirmed in past few years. Plant extracts have been used as reducing agent and stabilizer of NPs in which we can reduce the toxicity in the environment as well as the human body only by not using chemical agents. Furthermore, the presence of some specific materials in plant extracts could be extremely helpful and effective for the human body; for instance, polyphenol, which may have antioxidant effects has the capability for capturing free radicals before they can react with other biomolecules and cause serious damages. In this article, we focused on of the most common plants which are regularly used to synthesize MNPs along with various methods for synthesizing MNPs from plant extracts.
Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Plant Compounds and Their Applications
Emerging Research on Bioinspired Materials Engineering, 2000
The advancement in nanoparticulate system has a great impact in many scientific areas. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver, gold and copper were found to exhibit antibacterial and other biological activities. The phytochemical constituents (Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) present in the plant extracts were used for the green synthesis of NPs of desired size and morphology. Moreover, these active molecules act as reducing and capping agents for the synthe¬sis of NPs, which makes them suitable for biomedical applications. Apart from many approach on synthesis of nanoparticles, green synthesis method becomes more preferable because of its ecofriendly and nontoxic approach. This approach might pave the path for researchers across the globe to explore the potential of different herbs in the synthesis of NPs. This chapter will discuss the synthesis of various metal NPs using plants and their phytochemical constituent's involved during the synthesis. A section devoted to the different applications will be presented.
Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles from Medicinal Plants: A Review
Journal of Nanoscience and Technology, 2019
Biosynthesis of nanoparticle from various medicinal plants has been effectively used in controlling the various diseases. Secondary metabolites which are derived from various plant parts such as leaves, stems, roots, shoots, flowers, barks and seeds through extraction used as reducing agents for bioreduction reaction. The secondary metabolites present in the plants such as terpenoids, flavones, ketones, aldehydes, alkaloids, tannins, phenolics and saponins used in the biological synthesis of nanoparticles which are a less toxic and non-hazardous method as compare to the other physical and chemical biosynthesis. Various metals such as cobalt, copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, zinc oxide and magnetite are used for nanoparticle synthesis. There are different techniques which are used to characterize nanoparticles such as UV-visible (vis) spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Plant derived nanoparticles shows various pharmacological applications such as anti-bactericidal activities, anti-fungicidal activities, antiplasmodial activity, anti-inflammatory action, anticancer studies, antiviral effects, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.
Plants
The application of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), especially that of silver, gold, cobalt, and zinc as antimicrobial, anticancer, drug delivery, contrast, and bioimaging agents has transformed the field of medicine. Their functions, which are attributed to their physicochemical properties, have gained prominence in various technological fields. Although MNPs can be produced via rigorous physical and chemical techniques, in recent years, a biological approach utilizing natural materials has been developed. With the increasing enthusiasm for safe and efficient nanomaterials, the biological method incorporating microorganisms and plants is preferred over physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle synthesis. Of these bio-entities, plants have received great attention owing to their capability to reduce and stabilize MNPs in a single one-pot protocol. South Africa is home to ~10% of the world’s plant species, making it a major contributor to the world’s ecological scenery. Despite the...
The field of nanotechnology mainly encompasses with biology, physics, chemistry and material sciences and it develops novel therapeutic nanosized materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The biological syntheses of nanoparticles are being carried out by different macro-microscopic organisms such as plant, bacteria, fungi, seaweeds and microalgae. The biosynthesized nanomaterials have been effectively controlling the various endemic diseases with less adverse effect. Plant contains abundant natural compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds. These natural products are derived from various parts of plant such as leaves, stems, roots shoots, flowers, barks, and seeds. Recently, many studies have proved that the plant extracts act as a potential precursor for the synthesis of nanomaterial in non-hazardous ways. Since the plant extract contains various secondary metabolites, it acts as reducing and stabilizing agents for the bioreduction reaction to synthesized novel metallic nanoparticles.
Coatings
Nanotechnology emerged as a scientific innovation in the 21st century. Metallic nanoparticles (metal or metal oxide nanoparticles) have attained remarkable popularity due to their interesting biological, physical, chemical, magnetic, and optical properties. Metal-based nanoparticles can be prepared by utilizing different biological, physical, and chemical methods. The biological method is preferred as it provides a green, simple, facile, ecofriendly, rapid, and cost-effective route for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Plants have complex phytochemical constituents such as carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and proteins, which can behave as reducing and stabilizing agents. However, the mechanism of green synthesis by using plants is still highly debatable. In this report, we summarized basic principles or mechanisms of green synthesis especially for metal or metal oxide (i.e., ZnO, Au, Ag, and TiO2, Fe, Fe2O3, Cu, CuO, Co) nanoparticles. Finally, we e...
Plants: Emerging as Green Source toward Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and its Applications
This review focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using various plant sources. Nano biotechnology focus on the use of living organisms plants for engineering nanoparticles and its biomedical, pharmaceutical applications. Plants extracts provide rapid, cost effective and eco-friendly sources for fabrication of metallic nanoparticles. Green biological method of synthesizing nanoparticles has materialized as alternative to overcome the curb of conventional methods such as synthesized by several physical and chemical methods including chemical reduction of ions in aqueous solution with or without stabilizing agent and reduction in inverse micelles or thermal decomposition in organic solvents. Employing plants towards synthesis of nanoparticles has advantageous over non biological methods as with the presence of broad variability of bio-molecules in plants can act as capping and reducing agents and thus increases the rate of reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. Thus biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles of variable size and shape have broad potential applications in life and science. Keyword: Biosynthesized Nanoparticles, Green Source, Biofabrication, Ecofriendly, Applications
Pharmaceutical Fronts
Methods for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis of the past were costly, generating toxic compounds, which necessitates a reduction in toxic contamination associated with chemical and physical syntheses. Green nano synthesis using plant extracts has emerged as a sustainable alternative in nanotechnology with applications in various fields. Factors such as pH, extract and salt concentrations, temperature, solvent, biomolecules in plants, and reaction time significantly influence the quality and quantity of metallic NPs synthesized via green nanotechnology. This review highlights crucial factors affecting the size and shape of metallic NPs as the overall properties of the NPs are size- and shape-dependent. Current and future research in green nano synthesis holds promise for expanding our understanding of the parameters that control the synthesis, size, and shape of NPs. Further investigation is necessary to comprehend the impact of these parameters on the synthesis of metallic NPs using plan...
Phytochemicals and Biogenic Metallic Nanoparticles as Anticancer Agents
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Several classes of drugs are available to treat different types of cancer. Currently, researchers are paying significant attention to the development of drugs at the nanoscale level to increase their target specificity and to reduce their concentrations. Nanotechnology is a promising and growing field with multiple subdisciplines, such as nanostructures, nanomaterials, and nanoparticles. These materials have gained prominence in science due to their size, shape, and potential efficacy. Nanomedicine is an important field involving the use of various types of nanoparticles to treat cancer and cancerous cells. Synthesis of nanoparticles targeting biological pathways has become tremendously prominent due to the higher efficacy and fewer side effects of nanodrugs compared to other commercial cancer drugs. In this review, different medicinal plants and their active compounds, as well as green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles from medicinal plants, are discussed in relation to their anticancer activities.