Medicinal plants: Treasure trove for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications (original) (raw)

Abstract

The cornerstone of nanoscience and nanotechnology are nanoparticles which have immense power and functional ability in diverse fields. Nanoparticles are synthesized by physical, chemical methos but limitations are due to its toxicity. We have discussed few green synthesis routes which are eco friendly and less toxic methods, including alage, microorganisms, plants etc.. Expoiting the potential of medicinal plants, is one of the green synthesis routes and is significant because the current therapeutic approaches have toxicity problems and microbial multidrug resistance issues. As the metal nanoparticles have received great attention across the globe, so in this study we have discussed and focused many different metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis using medicinal plants. We have also discussed the types, size and medicinal properties like antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral activities of nanoparticles. The biomolecules, secondary metabolites and coenzymes present in the plants help in easy reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles are considered as potential antioxidants and promising candidates in cancer treatment. The simplified model summarises the green synthesis, its characterization using physicochemical means and their biomedical applications. Succinctly, we have discussed the recent advances in green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, milestones, therapeutic applications and future perspectives of biosynthesized nanoparticles from some important medicinal plants.

Figures (10)

Fig. 1. (Upper) Number of papers reporting the keyword search “green AND synthesis AND nanoparticles AND plant” from SCOPUS (data were analysed form 1996 to 2018) (Lower) Geographical map depicting India, with more than 1400 published papers rom 1996 to 2018 followed by Iran that published about 260 papers, as the most active region working in this field of research. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 1. (Upper) Number of papers reporting the keyword search “green AND synthesis AND nanoparticles AND plant” from SCOPUS (data were analysed form 1996 to 2018) (Lower) Geographical map depicting India, with more than 1400 published papers rom 1996 to 2018 followed by Iran that published about 260 papers, as the most active region working in this field of research. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 2. The field of materials science is second one after the Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology area containing the largest amount of publications.

Fig. 2. The field of materials science is second one after the Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology area containing the largest amount of publications.

Another group of organisms like fungi have enzymes and proteins which can reduce metal ions into nanoparticles and also stabilize the resulting nanoparticles (Khandel and Shahi, 2018). Plethora of different proteins in fungi convert the metallic salts into corresponding Fig. 3. Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, their physico-chemical characterization and biomedical applications. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Another group of organisms like fungi have enzymes and proteins which can reduce metal ions into nanoparticles and also stabilize the resulting nanoparticles (Khandel and Shahi, 2018). Plethora of different proteins in fungi convert the metallic salts into corresponding Fig. 3. Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, their physico-chemical characterization and biomedical applications. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Metallic nanoparticles synthesized from different medicinal plants, plant part used, size in nm, and their medicinal properties.

Metallic nanoparticles synthesized from different medicinal plants, plant part used, size in nm, and their medicinal properties.

The authors are thankful to Dr. Hemant Ritturaj Kushwaha, Jawa- harlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India for critically reading the manuscript.

The authors are thankful to Dr. Hemant Ritturaj Kushwaha, Jawa- harlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India for critically reading the manuscript.

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