Recent Advances in Nanoarchitectonics of SnO2 Clusters and Their Applications in Catalysis (original) (raw)
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Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, 2015
Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles of sizes ∼4.5, ∼10 and ∼30 nm were successfully synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation method using amino acid, glycine which acts as a complexing agent and surfactant, namely sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a stabilizing agent, at various calcination temperatures of 200, 400 and 600°C. This method resulted in the formation of spherical SnO2 nanoparticles and the size of the nanoparticles was found to be a factor of calcination temperature. The spherical SnO2 nanoparticles show a tetragonal rutile crystalline structure. A dramatic increase in band gap energy (3.8-4.21 eV) was observed with a decrease in grain size (30-4.5 nm) due to three dimensional quantum confinement effect shown by the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles. SnO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The optical properties w...
Influence of solvent on morphological texture and catalytic activity of SnO2 nanoparticles
International Journal of Nanotechnology, 2021
Tin dioxide (SnO 2) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesised via a direct (one-step) solvothermal route in the presence of ethanol as a solvent. The as-synthesised SnO 2 is well characterised by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and BET surface area analyses. The powder X-ray diffraction study reveals that the synthesised oxide adopts orthorhombic SnO 2 crystal structure. The transmission electron microscopic investigation shows the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of 6.44 nm. Moreover, the influence of the solvent on morphological and textural properties of as-synthesised SnO 2 is also explained. Further, the as-synthesised SnO 2 nanoparticles are employed for Friedel-Crafts benzoylation of anisole to produce 4-methoxybenzophenone. Various reaction parameters viz. effect of reaction temperature, effect of catalyst dosage, effect of solvation, and substrate ratio are also addressed for the acylation reaction. The SnO 2 NPs exhibit high catalytic activity for the acylation reaction of anisole. They also show high stability for the benzoylation with good recyclability up to five consecutive cycles.
Solids
Nanomaterials based on metal oxides are extensively studied for several applications due to their versatility. Improvements in their performances can be obtained due to specific structural modifications. One possible modification is by doping the crystal structure, which can affect the materials structure and properties, especially in nanosized particles. Electronic features are among the properties that can be modified through the doping process, consequently morphological and optical parameters can also be controlled by this process. In this sense, this review presents some modifications to tin dioxide (SnO2), one the most studied materials, mainly through the doping process and their impact on several properties. The article starts by describing the SnO2 structural features and the computational models used to explain the role of the doping process on these features. Based on those models, some applications of doped SnO2, such as photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, CO2 redu...
Journal of Sol-Gel Science …, 2003
SnO 2 is a well known and widely studied sensor material for the detection of CO and flammable gases like H 2 . Here we discuss the use of porous networks of SnO 2 nanoparticles for an optical detection of the reducing gas CO. Nano-sized SnO 2 clusters were prepared by the sol-gel method using an organically modified Sn precursor. After thermal treatment at 550 • C the mean diameters of the primary SnO 2 nanoparticles constructing the network were estimated to ∼25 nm and ∼15 nm, respectively, for particles obtained in acid and basic catalysis. The reversible redox behavior of SnO 2 nano-clusters in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres (CO, O 2 ) was studied optically by in-situ DR-UV/VIS spectroscopy.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2012
A facile and elegant methodology invoking the principles of Green Chemistry for the synthesis of porous tin dioxide nanospheres has been described. The low temperature (~50 °C) synthesis of SnO 2 nanoparticles and their self-assembly into organized, uniform and ~50 nm sized, monodispersed porous nanospheres with high surface area is facilitated by controlling the concentration of glucose which acts as a stabilizing as well as structure directing agent. The SnO 2 nanospheres exhibit elevated photocatalytic activity towards methyl orange with good recyclability. Due to the high activity and stability of this photocatalyst, the material is ideal for applications in environmental remediation. Further the SnO 2 nanospheres also display excellent gas sensing capabilities towards hydrogen. Surface modification of the nanospheres with Pd transforms this sensing material into a highly sensitive and selective room temperature hydrogen sensor.
Preparation and Characterization of SnO2 / AC as a Novel High Surface Area Nanocatalyst
Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, 2021
A new solid nanoparticle sorbent (SnO2 / AC) could serve as high surface area and inexpensive nanocatalyst was prepared. Many properties were characterized by SEM and UV spectroscopy. High surface area, large micro pore volume and total pore volume were found to be 571 m2 g−1, 0.4785 cm3 g−1 and 0.7267 cm3 g−1 respectively even with very high loaded ratio (60 %) of tin dioxide to Activated Carbon (SnO2 / AC). Taguchi factorial design method was used to get the maximum MB dye adsorption on the surface of SnO2 / AC nanoparticle sorbent. Contact time (60 min), initial dye concentration (5 mM) and solution temperature (293 K) were found to be the best conditions for the more effective absorption process.
Carbon-coated SnO2 nanobelts and nanoparticles by single catalytic step
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2009
Several types of carbon nanostructures (amorphous and graphitic), for the coating of SnO 2 nanobelts and nanoparticles were obtained by a single catalytic process, during methane, natural gas, and methanol decomposition using the reactivity of surface-modified SnO 2 nanostructure as a nanotemplate. The nanostructured catalyst templates were based on transition metal nanoparticles supported on SnO 2 nanobelts previously prepared by a carbothermal reduction process. Carbon-coated SnO 2 nanopowders were also successfully synthesized for the fabrication of carbon spheres. The carbon coating process and yield, along with the nature of the nanostructured carbon, are strongly influenced by the chemically modified surface of the SnO 2 nanostructure template and the chemical reaction gas composition. The preliminary catalytic activity and gas-sensing properties of these novel materials based on metal nanoparticles and carbon-coated SnO 2 were determined.
Template-Assisted SnO2: Synthesis, Composition, and Photoelectrocatalytical Properties
Catalysts
A series of tin oxides were synthesized with polystyrene microspheres (250 nm) as the template. It was shown that an increase in the template content led to increasing specific pore volume and to the formation of bimodal pore structure with pores of 9 and 70 nm in diameter. Addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) during synthesis led to the formation of friable structures (SEM data), to an increase in the average pore diameter from 19 to 111 nm, and to the formation of macropores of 80–400 nm in size. All materials had similar surface properties and cassiterite structure with 5.9–10.8 nm coherent scattering region (XRD data). Flat-band potentials of the samples were determined and their photoelectrocatalytic properties to oxidation of water and methanol were studied in the potential range of 0.4–1.6 V RHE. It was shown that the sample obtained using CTAB was characterized by lower flat-band potential value, but appeared significantly higher photocurrent in methanol oxidati...
Shape and size controlled growth of SnO2 nano-particles by efficient approach
Superlattices and Microstructures, 2016
Three-dimensional crystalline tin dioxide (SnO 2) nanostructures have been synthesized herein using a cost-efficient hydrothermal method. Synthesis parameters have been optimized in order to obtain desired morphologies (spherical nanoparticles (NPs) or elongated prismatic nanorods (NRs)). Materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy techniques, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric techniques to determine the growing mechanism of the nanoparticles. Prismatic SnO 2 nanorods were found to present arrangement of flower-like ensembles. The
Synthesis and characterization of catalytic shells self assembled onto nano-sized SnO2 cores
SnO 2 nanopowders were surface modified with derivatives of the propionic acid. 3-mercaptopropionic, 2- mercaptopropionic, 3-aminopropionic and 2-amino-3-mercaptopropionic acids were used as modifiers. Pt nanoparticles were self-assembled on the functionalized SnO 2. The self-assembling of the metallic nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and TEM. The attachment of the Pt clusters to the functionalized oxide was strongly dependent of the molecular linker. The differences in reactivity can be explained in terms of the structural characteristics of the surface complex formed.