Analysis of the Determinants of Public Education Expenditures in Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022
This paper aims to examine an econometric investigation on public expenditure for education and economic growth in Bangladesh. It explores the short-run and long-run dynamic relationship between educational spending and economic growth measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the Bangladesh context using annual data series from 1980 to 2019. Time series analysis has been performed using the Johansen co-integration test, Granger causality test, impulse responsive function, variance decomposition, and different empirical tools based on the vector autoregressive model. Johansen's test results reveal that there are two co-integration equations, which indicate that there is a long-run relationship between the variables.
Analysis of the Determinants of Education Expenditures in Malaysia
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Expenditure on education helps in improving the skill formation and raises the ability of individuals to produce and work. It is said to be an investment in human capital which is closely connected with the economic development. Government education spending is of great importance to national development and plays a prime role in assisting growth and knowledge deepening. The aim of this study is to build on the established theories of public policy analysis on education and to empirically investigate and analyze the determinants of public expenditure on education in Malaysia. For the occasion of this study, it is posited that education expenditure is determined by multidimensional determinants. A number of theories are therefore incorporated regarding economic-demographics and political concept which have been used in the study. The results reveal that the education policy in Malaysia is mainly determined by budget deficit and the revenue collected by the government with a significa...
Tale of Education Policy in Bangladesh: Development, Changes, and Adaptation Approach
British Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2023
The current educational system of Bangladesh was imported from British India. However, it was only after gaining independence in 1971 that Bangladesh was able to adopt growth techniques in various aspects of life, including the advancement of the education sector. The nation's educational system has advanced significantly throughout the past few decades. This was made feasible by a combination of community activities, non-government organization (NGO) involvement, and government policy supporting the growth of this particular industry. Many things are still undone, though. The major issues facing our educational system include expanding education in some areas, eradicating prejudice at all academic levels, ensuring quality and purity, and battling corruption in the education industry. Throughout their tenure, each political administration has established at least one commission or committee on education. While these commission reports have consistently offered valuable recommendations for updating the educational system, their implementation and publication of results have remained pending. However, changing education systems have negatively impacted the quality of education. Therefore, this issue is important to address to ensure a positive impact on the overall learning environment of Bangladesh. The findings of this study will help policymakers and educational institutions make policies more inclusive, practical, and effective to arrange education better in the upcoming future.
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This paper presents education finance trends for Bangladesh since 2000. It shows that while government spending on education as a proportion of national income has stagnated, it has increased in real terms. Real increases in education spending have resulted in substantial increases in per student spending in basic education. At primary, enrolment declines have reinforced these trends and in 2005 per student spending in government primary schools was 30% higher, in real terms than in 2001. Despite these increases, per student spending on education in Bangladesh remains low compared to other countries in the region and countries at similar levels of development. Levels of government funding also vary enormously across different providers of basic education although these differences do not appear to have a significant impact on education outcomes at the primary level. At secondary, there appears to be a closer correlation between levels of public funding and outcomes although the soci...
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An Investigation of Trend and Compositions of the Government Expenditure in Bangladesh
European Journal of Business and Management, 2017
In Bangladesh, the government spending policies of the national budgets have been assigned a key role in the economic development and growth process. However, they could have detrimental ramifications if obscurely managed. Thus, the nature and degree of this expenditure and revenue patterns determine the overall quality of the government finances in Bangladesh. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the changing patterns of the heads of expenditures, their trends and compositions over the period of 1975-2015. This paper is mainly based on tabular representations. However, some statistical tools also have been used when necessary. It is revealed from the study that although government spending increases steadily, but the composition and patterns of government spending has changed dramatically. The sharp increase in the total government spending is mainly because of continuous increase in revenue expenditure which created serious imbalances in the fiscal sector of the economy. Thus, it is evident from the study that although total public expenditure is rising in Bangladesh, development expenditure actually squeezed in the country to maintain rising revenue expenditures. In addition, sector-wise allocations to public resources have been reduced for some key sectors that are directly productive in nature like agriculture and manufacturing industry. At the same time, increased proportional allocations of resources to sectors like education and health have been realized.
Determinants of the Size of the Government Expenditure: An Empirical Study on Bangladesh
International Journal of Economics and Finance
Analysis of the nature of government expenditure constitutes a central concern in economic literature. This is because many countries of the world consistently have increased the size of government expenditure. Bangladesh has done the same practice over the last few decades. There is a need to investigate the factors which determine the size of the public spending of Bangladesh. The error correction modeling technique for the short-run dynamic equation and ordinary least square (OLS) for long-run static equation are used over the period 1973 to 2016 to this purpose. The results of the short run dynamic equation and long-run static equation showed that external debt, real GDP, urbanization, tax, and non-tax government revenue positively influence the government expenditure where dependency on foreign aid and trade openness adversely affect it. The study recommends that the government should take proper step to expand the revenue base, stimulate the economic growth and reduce th...
Public Expenditure on Education; A Measure for Promoting Economic Development
The rational utilization and allocation of public expenditure would result into an economic development of the country. It has been observed that allocation and utilization of expenditure in Pakistan have been very little towards development. The allocation of current expenditure such as debt servicing and defense has increased by a greater percentage every year as compared to education. Money borrowed by the economy over the years, if had been put to the development of projects, the economy would have seen much higher development and growth. The objective of the research lies in evaluating the public expenditure and its role in economic development by considering education as an indicator to social development in Pakistan.