Determination of toxicity of spinosad against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L (original) (raw)
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Biopesticidal Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus Chinensis L) in Chickpea Seeds
Agricultural Science
The pesticidal efficacy of four locally available leaves of botanicals like neem (Azadirachta indica), datura (Datura stramonium), marigold (Tagetes erecta) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders was assessed on pulse bettle (Callosobruchus chinensis L) through adult mortality and emergence, oviposition performance, seed damage, weight loss and germination of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The above test biopesticides were tested at three different rates (0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.50 g powder/kg of chickpea seeds). All the tested powder showed significant effect on the above parameters. The highest adult mortality was recorded when chickpea seeds were treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg, whereas marigold showed the least effect on adult mortality. The powders used in the experiment effectively controlled oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle. The lowest number of adult emergence was obtained from chickpea seeds treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg. The high...
International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences Biological Sciences, 2017
A major research interest with spinosad and anti-feedants, especially seeds and leaf extract of neem & bel mixed with cow urine [(neem + bel): cow urine: 9:2 ratios] have been used for the control of a variety of insect pests. Most of the experiments, pests have effected on their life cycle and significance results were screening from the field survey. It is also observed that these experiments do not effect of its food production. But application of cow dung and neem cake use as good fertilizer which provide defence to plants against pests and deal with toxicity to both insect pests. Application of cow dung and neem cake is also help to reduce soil pest and nematodes. Spinosad based on bio-pesticide appears to be effective by ingestion and contact and causes excitation of the insect nervous system, leading to involuntary muscle contractions, prostration with tremors and finally paralysis. Broadcasted plants extract are also prevented from insect damages of young and adults plants. Therefore, spinosad, seeds and leaf extract of neem and bel mixed with cow urine based products are more suitable biodegradable, eco-friendly bio-pesticides for integrated pest management programs and can be used upon the peak of insect populations density.
Toxic Effects of Spinosad on Predatory Insects
Biological Control, 2002
Spinosad (Dow AgroSciences) is a mixture of tetracyclic-macrolide compounds produced by a soil actinomycete and has been classified as a bioinsecticide. Spinosad is highly active against Lepidoptera but is reported to be practically nontoxic to insect natural enemies. We assessed the impact of Spinosad in a granular maize-flour formulation on a selection of insect predators over periods of 2-14 days. In all cases, the quantities of Spinosad used were less than the maximum recommended rates given on the product label. Adults of Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) suffered a high prevalence of mortality following consumption of 1000 or 2000 ppm Spinosad active ingredient (a.i.), but little mortality at 200 ppm. Larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) did not consume the granular formulation and suffered little overall mortality. After 14 days of exposure, the earwig, Doru taeniatum (Dohrn) (Dermaptera:Forficulidae), suffered 48% mortality in the 1.2 ppm Spinosad treatment increasing to 98% in the 1200 ppm Spinosad treatment compared to 20% in controls. Earwigs suffered 86% mortality/intoxication 72 h after feeding on Spinosad-contaminated Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) larvae. A field trial was performed to compare applications of commercial granular chlorpyrifos and Spinosad in maize-flour granules (200 and 2000 ppm a.i.; 4.8 -48 g a.i./ha, respectively) or as an aqueous spray (160 ppm a.i.; 48 g a.i./ha) on earwigs held inside gauze bags. Mortality of earwigs on control plants was less than 15% at 2 days postapplication compared to 33% on plants treated with granular chlorpyrifos, 83% on plants sprayed with 160 ppm Spinosad, and 91-95% on plants treated with 200 -2000 ppm Spinosad granules, respectively. Further mortality in the 24-h period postsampling ranged from <5% in control treatments, to 9% in the chlorpyrifos treatment, and to 55-65% in the Spinosad spray and granule treatments. We conclude that Spinosad cannot be considered to have an environmental safety profile similar to most established biological insecticides. © 2002 Elsevier Science
Biorational Management of Pulse Bettle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) on Chickpea Seeds
2021
The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis is one of the major insect pest in stored pulse (i.e. Chickpea seeds) causing 40-50% losses of pulses in storage. Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of some selected biorational insecticides on mortality of beetle, weight loss of seeds, fecundity and hatchability of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis under laboratory condition. Among the different botanicals, Neem oil (89.00%) was found the most effective in case of mortality of pulse beetle in direct method followed by Mahogany oil (78.00%) and Karanja oil (62.00%). Among different microbial derivatives, Spinosad was found most effective considering mortality followed by Emamectin benzoate and Abamectin. Among botanicals the highest percentage of weight reduction was observed in Karanja oil (30.18%) and the lowest (22.43%) was in Neem oil while among microbial derivatives the lowest percentage of seed weight reduction was obtained from Spinosad (11.15%) and the highest pe...
2010
The biopesticide Spinosad controls many insect pests of stored-food products. Laboratory and Þeld trials were carried out to determine the efÞcacy of this pesticide against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), the main storage pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, Walp, in West Africa. In the laboratory, Spinosad caused high mortality of adult C. maculatus and decreased the number of eggs laid by females. Spinosad, however, was less toxic in the 24 h treatment to C. maculatus than deltamethrin, an insecticide commonly used in Burkina Faso to control this insect. In "on-farm" experiments, Spinosad was effective in controlling C. maculatus. After 6 mo of storage, the number of insects emerging from cowpeas seeds was reduced by Ͼ80% by coating seeds with Spinosad but only by 43% by coating with deltamethrin. Less than 20% of the seeds were perforated in the Spinosad treatment compared with 29% for deltamethrin. Spinosad controlled C. maculatus throughout the 6 mo of cowpea storage whereas deltamethrin failed to control C. maculatus after 3 mo of storage. Spinosad has the potential to be more effective in controlling C. maculatus than deltamethrin.
Journal of Biofertilizers & Biopesticides, 2011
The eggplant flea beetle, Epitrix fuscula Crotch, is a major insect pest of eggplant, Solanum melongena L. var. esculentum (Solanaceae), produced in the south central United States and often requires management with insecticides immediately following setting of transplants into the field. Few insecticides approved for use in organic production have provided effective management of the beetles. The study reported herein demonstrates the effectiveness of Entrust, a new organic approved formulation of spinosad. Following exposure on eggplant foliage, Entrust was shown to be toxic to adult flea beetles with LC 50 and LC 95 values of 42.9 and 296.7 ppm, respectively. Although mortality following exposure was sometimes delayed until six days, the effects on flea beetle behavior were observed in as little as six hours following exposure. Feeding was significantly reduced one day after exposure to both the highest recommended field rate and to a 25% concentration of the high rate. Persistence in the field was short. No significant differences in mortality were detected for beetles transferred to treated and water-treated eggplant foliage taken three days after application. Of the insecticides approved for use in organic production, Entrust likely offers an excellent choice for management of eggplant flea beetles on eggplant
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010
The biopesticide Spinosad controls many insect pests of stored-food products. Laboratory and Þeld trials were carried out to determine the efÞcacy of this pesticide against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), the main storage pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, Walp, in West Africa. In the laboratory, Spinosad caused high mortality of adult C. maculatus and decreased the number of eggs laid by females. Spinosad, however, was less toxic in the 24 h treatment to C. maculatus than deltamethrin, an insecticide commonly used in Burkina Faso to control this insect. In "on-farm" experiments, Spinosad was effective in controlling C. maculatus. After 6 mo of storage, the number of insects emerging from cowpeas seeds was reduced by Ͼ80% by coating seeds with Spinosad but only by 43% by coating with deltamethrin. Less than 20% of the seeds were perforated in the Spinosad treatment compared with 29% for deltamethrin. Spinosad controlled C. maculatus throughout the 6 mo of cowpea storage whereas deltamethrin failed to control C. maculatus after 3 mo of storage. Spinosad has the potential to be more effective in controlling C. maculatus than deltamethrin.
PLANT ARCHIVES
The beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F. 1775) (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is a destructive pest of stored chickpea seeds. Bio-pesticides are pesticides of animal, plant and bacterial origin. Plant products are among the best known substances tested against insects. These products have an insecticidal and repellent effect on insects and can also affect certain biological parameters such as fecundity, life span and reproduction. In search of plant bio-pesticides to control Callosobruchus maculatus main pest of stored chickpea seeds, 18 plants traditionally used in Morocco to control insect pests have been tested in the laboratory, for their toxic effects against this beetle. A conventional synthetic insecticide was included as a positive control, while untreated seed was used as a control. The toxicity of the powders was assessed by measuring the parameters of the life cycle in a situation of non-choice maintained at a climatic chamber with a temperature of 25 ±1 degrees Celsius, a rel...
International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive
The contact and gustatory effects of spinosad on the mortality and repellency of Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.) were conducted under laboratory conditions. Spinosad at 0.32 l/g caused lowest mortality (16.67±1.67% of 2nd instar larva of C. pusillus in wheat after 24h and highest mortality (59.14±1.65%) was observed at 1.25 l/g in wheat after 72 h exposure. The LC50 value was 0.11 l/g in wheat after 72 h, which indicated that spinosad is highly toxic against the 2nd instar larvae of C. pusillus. In case of 4th instar larvae highest mortality (58.12±3.45%) were observed at 1.25 l/g concentration but lowest 10.00± 2.10 after 24 h exposure. The highest mortality was observed (40.00±2.88%) in adults. The different doses (1.25, 0.63, 0.32, 016 and 0.08 l/ml) of spinosad showed repellent activities against adults of C. pusillus. All the doses of spinosad offered 0.1% level of significance (P<0.01). Spinosad used in this experiment have great potential in the control of C. pusillus which...
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEEARCH, 2012
The persistence and insecticidal activity of a commercial biological insecticide Spinosad, based on fermentation product of Actinomycetales bacterium, Saccharopolyspora spinosa (Actinomycetales: Actinomycetaceae) and two plant extracts, namely Neem (Azadirchta indica) and Kanair (Nerium oleander) were evaluated against Tribolium castaneum (Hbst) on stored wheat grains. Five concentrations, namely 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% of each insecticide were used at different exposure times, that is, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h. Filter paper dip method was used. Results revealed that Spinosad (Tracer 240 SC) was the best against target pest, with maximum mortality, that is, 55% at 2.5% dose in 168 h exposure time and minimum 16.66% with 0.5% concentration at 24 h exposure time. Neem showed 45% mortality at 168 h exposure time with 2.5% concentration and 16.67% at 0.5% dose at 24 h exposure time followed by Kanair with 38% mortality at maximum application rate and exposure time, that is, 2.5% and 168 h and minimum 15% at minimum application rate, that is, 0.5% at 24 h exposure time. LC 50 values were also calculated using Probit analysis technique. LC 50 values of Neem, Knair and Spinosad after 24, 48, 72 and 168 h interval were determined. LT 50 values of these bioinsecticides interval were also calculated at 2.5% concentration. Results revealed that bio-pesticides are better ways to manage Red flour beetle infestation in stored wheat grains.