Impact of the recent economic crisis on tertiary education funding - a comparative study (original) (raw)
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European higher education systems are at stake, since global economic and financial crisis emerged in 2009. The aim of the paper was to test the research question: How did higher education funding change in response to the crisis (compared with pre-crisis period)? We observed changes in higher education funding during crisis through three indicators in comparative perspective to pre-crisis period. We found that we cannot provide any clear patterns, since there are different responses to the crisis resulting from different funding traditions. Nevertheless, we also found significant differences in expenditures on tertiary education as % of GDP between two groups of countries. Countries that invested high levels of funding on tertiary education before the crisis did also increase their investment during the crisis. On the other hand, we found no significant differences between groups of countries regarding two other indicators, namely the annual expenditures for public and private tertiary education institutions per student and financial aid to students.
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The paper deals with changes in tertiary education (TE) funding in 28 European countries after 2007. We focus on two aspects: first, does the public expenditure on TE change (decrease/increase) in proportion to the changes (decreases/increases) in public expenditure on education and second, did countries, which invested the highest share of public funds on TE (measured in % of GDP) before the crisis (in 2007), managed to maintain or increase their share during the crisis (until 2012)? We cover public funding using quantitative methodological approach, complemented with the results of research conducted from European University Association (EUA) and others. The results imply that in proportion to the reduction in the share of public expenditure on education generally decreases the share of public expenditure dedicated to TE, but more slowly. Majority of countries with high or medium investment in TE (as % of their GDB in 2007), managed to maintain or increase public expenditure on TE...
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Comparative Analysis on the Influence of the Economic Crisis on Education in some European Countries
International Journal of Synergy and Research, 2015
Purpose-This study intends to present some influences developed during the economic crisis related to the education area in some European countries. The study wants to present a comparative analysis among these European countries. Design/Methodology/Approach-This study is based on the Eurostat data series and is designed due to the statistical data processing. Findings-The study revealed some information and ideas about certain aspects as: changes of population structure by educational attainment level, evolutions of the shares with first and second stage of tertiary education, investments in education and training, age distributions for teachers and trainers, participation rates in education. Research Limitations/Implications-This research is based on Eurostat data series considered relevant by the authors and on some other related analyses or research studies. The paper describes case studies from most of European countries but focuses only on few of them. Practical Implications-This study clarifies the influences of the economic crisis on education in some European countries in order to present a real image related to the evolution of education among Europe. Originality/Value-Even though different studies in the education field were developed, this subject was not analyzed in the manner carried out in this paper. Keywords-economic crisis, first and second stage of tertiary education, USM education level, public expenditure on education, Lisbon objectives in education, ISCED 1_6.
THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL CRISIS ON PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN EDUCATION
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Impact of the Economic Crisis on the Higher Education: The Case of Portugal
2015
This research focuses on economic crisis analysis to understand their impact on the annual evolution of the students number enrolled in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Portugal. The Portuguese higher education system is binary, including university and polytechnic institutions that can be public or private. On the one hand, the university and polytechnic subsystems are mainly differentiated by their formative role in research: the polytechnics are vocationally or professionally oriented and do not carry out fundamental research as the universities do; and the universities conducted applied research. On the other hand, specifically, the polytechnics institutions have as main objectives the regional development and a close interaction with its operational environment that provided a flexible reaction to changes in its environment. This differentiation mission between the two types of HEI justifies the promotion of diverse socially responsible policies to support students with financial difficulties. Methodologically, this research presents two research approaches. The theoretical framework is based on literature review of arguments to mitigating the adverse economic and social impact of the crisis, in the context of the austerity imposed by the Memorandum of Understanding (2011) that launched Portugal into a deep recession that had devastating impacts on some sectors of the economy, as the higher education system. The empirical framework is based on descriptive statistical analysis, supported on the statistical information provided by National Statistical Institute and Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science, providing important insights into higher education system evolution in Portugal. Through the connection of both frameworks and research findings, HEI are able to improve their contribution to society in result of social support to students and public funding following a CSR strategy. The results of the research show that economic crisis severely affected Portugal. On one side, has a significant impact on the resources available for education, making that the HEI restructures its organization in consequence of the austerity measures that oblige to salary cuts of personnel, less posts in school management and a rationalizing of regional educational system. On the other side, has a significant impact on families that have significantly lower incomes and less purchasing power, justifying the decrease of students on the higher education system.
Crisis and Education in Southern Europe: The Effects of Austerity and Ideology
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Since the mid-1970s, the countries of Southern Europe have been approaching European education patterns. This result can be observed in the positive dynamics and convergence with the rest of Europe. However, despite these visible results, the convergence was more evident up until the outbreak of the crisis, where the overall economic and political conditions also brought changes in policymaking in education to the Southern European countries, both in terms of policy priorities and educational outcomes. Therefore, while economic hardship and austere programs are a common trait in recent years, the changes cannot be directly or simply attributed to economic or financial constraints; these changes are mainly due to different political options endorsed by the governments of Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Greece. The main empirical sources are the Eurostat and the oecd. Other empirical material relates to national reports produced in the framework of an international project: ecse Internati...