Clinical manifestations, associated risk factors and treatment outcomes of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA): Experiences from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan (original) (raw)
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The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 2014
IntroductionOur objective was to investigate characteristics risk factors and outcomes of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA).MethodsThe Aspergillosis Committee prospectively collected Aspergillus notifications from January 2000 to December 2011. A retrospective analysis of data was performed.ResultsAmong 1614 notifications registered, 44 cases of CPA in non‐immunocompromised patients were identified. The median age was 65 years (Q1–Q3: 54–75), the median body mass index (BMI) was 20 kg/m2 (Q1–Q3: 16–22) and 15 had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All patients had a positive specific serum precipitin antibody titer. Radiological presentations were: cavitations [single n = 31 (70%); multiple n = 12 (27%)] containing mycetomas [n = 18 (41%)], consolidations [n = 19 (43%)], emphysema [n = 15 (34%)] and sequelae of mycobacterial infection [n = 10 (23%)]. The median duration of follow‐up was 30 months (Q1–Q3: 14–55). The median duration of antifungal treatment was 6...
Clinical manifestations and outcomes of pulmonary aspergillosis: experience from Pakistan
BMJ open respiratory research, 2016
Pulmonary aspergillosis has variable course of illness, severity and outcomes depending on underlying conditions. There is limited data available on the clinical manifestations and outcome of pulmonary aspergillosis from Pakistan. To determine the clinical manifestations and outcome of pulmonary aspergillosis in a tertiary care hospital a retrospective study was conducted from 2004 to 2014 in patients admitted with pulmonary aspergillosis at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. Of the 280 cases with provisional diagnosis of aspergillosis 69 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 45±15.7 years, 48 (69.6%) were men and 21 (30.4%) had diabetes mellitus (DM). The average length of hospital stay (LOS) was 10.61±9.08 days. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most common (42.0%), followed by Aspergillus flavus (28.9%). More than one-third of patients previously had tuberculosis (TB) (39.13%). The commonest pulmonary manifestation was chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) 47 ...
Journal of Fungi, 2022
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a fungal lung infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. Yet, it remains under-recognized worldwide, with few Australian clinical data available. This retrospective study aimed to investigate CPA at a major tertiary referral hospital in Sydney. We identified patients having International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes for “aspergillosis” and/or positive respiratory microbiology samples for Aspergillus species from January 2012–December 2018 at Westmead Hospital. Eligible cases were classified using European Respiratory Society 2016 CPA guidelines. We diagnosed 28 CPA patients: median age 60 years (IQR: 57–66), with 17 (60.7%) being males. Most had chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis phenotype (n = 17, 60.7%). Twenty-three patients had outcomes data returned. Nineteen (82.6%) received antifungal therapy (median duration: 10.5 months (IQR: 6.5–20.7)). Eight (34.7%) patients received <6 months of antifungals, incl...
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: rationale and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management
The European respiratory journal, 2015
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is an uncommon and problematic pulmonary disease, complicating many other respiratory disorders, thought to affect ∼240 000 people in Europe. The most common form of CPA is chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA), which untreated may progress to chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis. Less common manifestations include: Aspergillus nodule and single aspergilloma. All these entities are found in non-immunocompromised patients with prior or current lung disease. Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (formerly called chronic necrotising pulmonary aspergillosis) is a more rapidly progressive infection (<3 months) usually found in moderately immunocompromised patients, which should be managed as invasive aspergillosis. Few clinical guidelines have been previously proposed for either diagnosis or management of CPA. A group of experts convened to develop clinical, radiological and microbiological guidelines. The diagnosis of CPA requi...
Journal of Fungi
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a spectrum of several progressive disease manifestations caused by Aspergillus species in patients with underlying structural lung diseases. Duration of symptoms longer than three months distinguishes CPA from acute and subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. CPA affects over 3 million individuals worldwide. Its diagnostic approach requires a thorough Clinical, Radiological, Immunological and Mycological (CRIM) assessment. The diagnosis of CPA requires (1) demonstration of one or more cavities with or without a fungal ball present or nodules on chest imaging, (2) direct evidence of Aspergillus infection or an immunological response to Aspergillus species and (3) exclusion of alternative diagnoses, although CPA and mycobacterial disease can be synchronous. Aspergillus antibody is elevated in over 90% of patients and is the cornerstone for CPA diagnosis. Long-term oral antifungal therapy improves quality of life, arrests haemoptysis and prev...
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
OBJECTIVE: Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (AoCLF) are prone to various infections, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). This retrospective study investigated the relationship between AoCLF and IPA in a large patient cohort. METHODS: Twenty-nine out of 470 patients with AoCLF, who were diagnosed with definite or probable IPA by clinical and laboratory parameters and were treated with voriconazole, were analysed for predisposing factors for IPA and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Imaging findings, such as the halo sign and increased white blood cell count, contributed to the early diagnosis of IPA. Patients with AoCLF and IPA experienced fever, cough and chest pain and, despite treatment with antifungal therapy, most (25/29 patients) died within 7 days. Possible risk factors for IPA included prolonged antibiotic therapy and dexamethasone exposure. CONCLUSIONS: AoCLF with prolonged antibiotic therapy and dexamethasone exposure carries a high risk for IPA. AoCLF patients with IPA involved in this study exhibited fever, cough, chest pain and increased white blood cell count, and their imaging findings were useful for the early diagnosis of IPA.
Mycoses, 2019
SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in a tertiary care centre in Spain. Retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with CPA between January 2010 and December 2015. The patients were identified through the Microbiology Registry. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, microbiological and clinical data were recorded. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Fifty‐three patients were included; median age was 61.5 years. Forty‐seven had a lung condition, 25 suffered from COPD, 19 an active malignancy, 10 had previous pulmonary tuberculosis and 9 lung interstitial disease. Twenty‐eight patients presented with chronic cavitary pulmonary form (CCPA) and 20 with subacute invasive aspergillosis (SAIA). Species identified were A fumigatus (34), A niger (5), A terreus (4) and A flavus (3). All‐cause 1‐year mortality was 56%. Predictors of mortality were cancer history (OR, 9.5; 95% CI, 2.54‐3...
Invasive Aspergillosis in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2005
OBJECTIVES: To determine the outcomes, and clinical and therapeutic factors associated with the development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases.DESIGN: A case control study examining patients who developed IPA while hospitalized, and controls who were matched by year of hospitalization and type of obstructive lung disease.SETTING: A tertiary care university-affiliated respiratory hospital.PATIENTS: Twelve patients were identified who had developed nosocomial IPA. Each case was compared with four control patients: two with and two without Aspergillus colonization.RESULTS: Patients and control patients had similar demographic characteristics, comorbid illnesses and severity of underlying pulmonary disease. All cases required admission to the intensive care unit and eight patients (67%) died, whereas only 17% of control patients required admission to the intensive care unit and 7% died. The patients with IPA received significantly h...
Underlying conditions in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis including simple aspergilloma
European Respiratory Journal, 2010
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a condition caused by the ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus in non-immunocompromised individuals. Numerous underlying conditions have been associated with CPA. Details of the underlying conditions of 126 CPA patients attending our tertiary referral clinic from all over the UK were extracted from the clinical notes, and the distribution of these underlying conditions was analysed. For those with several underlying pulmonary conditions, one was nominated as the primary condition. Many patients presented with multiple underlying conditions, and a total of 232 underlying conditions were identified for the 126 patients. Previous classical tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infection were the most common primary underlying conditions (15.3% and 14.9%, respectively). Others included allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), chronic obstructive pulmonary condition (COPD) and/or emphysema, pneumothorax and prior treated lung cancer. Some conditions were found more often as one of multiple underlying conditions, while others were found only as secondary underlying conditions. Tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection and ABPA remain the predominant risk factors for development of CPA, with COPD, prior pneumothorax or treated lung cancer also relatively common among our referrals. Many patients have multiple underlying pulmonary conditions. CPA should be considered when upper lobe cavitary or fibrotic disease and systemic symptoms are present in those with lung disease.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013
Pulmonary aspergillosis is commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals. A significant rise has been seen in these cases in the past decade, owing to growing number of patients with impaired immune status. This study includes the detailed clinical and microbiological profiles of all the culture positive cases of pulmonary aspergillosis, detected in three years, from Jan 2008-Dec 2010, at our tertiary care centre. A hospital based observational and retrospective study was conducted to study the clinico-microbiological characteristics of patients with pulmonary aspergillosis. Respiratory specimens which showed repeated isolation of Aspergillus were included in the study. Demographic details, clinical findings and predisposing factors were noted down for all the patients. Treatment of patients with antifungal agents and their responses to treatment were also documented. There were 22 patients with male to female ratio of 1.2:1 and mean age of 52.5 years. The most common underlying lu...