Integrated Management of Fish (Nile Tilapia) and Leaf Vegetable Crop (Head Lettuce) Culture Under Drip Irrigation System (original) (raw)
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Agronomy
Nutrient film technique (NFT) is a popular, ergonomic, hydroponic system, but is not often used in commercial aquaponic systems due to lower efficiency in overall nutrient removal. Experiments were conducted to assess if NFT lettuce production could be improved by exchanging aquaculture effluent more frequently, and if so, determine the optimal water exchange rate. The AE was taken from a biofloc-based nile tiapia production system. Treatments consisted of increasing hydraulic retention time (HRT (d)) viz: four-, eight-, twelve-, or sixteen-day water exchanges arranged in a randomized complete block design with five blocks. In one trial (trial 1) where iron (Fe) was not supplemented, there was one replication. There were three replications for the second trial with iron supplementation. The analysis of lettuce plant size index and chlorophyll index (SPAD units) in trial 1 was statistically different among the HRTs beginning 14 days after planting, exhibiting negative linear trends w...
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different drip irrigation methods and different irrigation levels on yield, quality and water use characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia cv. Lital) cultivated in a solar greenhouse from 07 October 2009 to 03 December 2009 in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The irrigation methods were consisted of traditional surface drip irrigation (TDI), subsurface drip irrigation at 10 cm drip line depth (SDI 10) and subsurface drip irrigation at 20 cm drip line depth (SDI 20). At the treatment of irrigation levels, five irrigation treatments (I) were based on adjustment coefficients (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25) of Class A pan evaporation. For the yield and quality parameters of plant; marketable head weight (yield), number of marketable leaves, leaf area, plant height and diameters, plant dry weight, core diameters and firmness of head, leaf chlorophyll content, total soluble solids (TSS as °Brix), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity of leaves' juice were determined. The yield and yield components were not affected by the irrigation methods except for core and plant diameters. Irrigation levels had significantly (p < 0.01) different effects on yield and yield components except for plant dry weight, plant height and head firmness. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained from SDI 10 xI 100 treatment. The water use efficiency (WUE) and the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) increased as the irrigation was reduced.
It is well known that trophic interactions between plant cover and soil organisms are key factors in ecosystems balance. In present study, the effect of combination among mineral, organic and bio-fertilizers on quality and productivity of lettuce under drip irrigation conditions have been studied. The combination effect of fertilizers on soil microbial enzyme activities also was studied. The highest total yield of lettuce is 31.96 and 31.84 Mg ha-1 , respectively during the two growing seasons. The best yield components were obtained with using combination of mineral, organic and bio-fertilizers (50 % mineral + 50 % organic + biofertilizers). Whereas, the using of organic and biofertilizer treatments recorded the lowest content of nitrate in leaves 0.82 and 0.81 g kg-1 DW, respectively, were observed in both seasons. The highest soil dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and nitrogenase activities were 64.2 and 51.0 µg TPF g-1 dw h-1 , 22.3 and 19.9 µg ρNP g-1 h-1 and 83.7 and 81.2 μL C 2 H 4 g-1 dw h-1 respectively in both seasons and after 30 days from lettuce transplanting were achieved by using of the combination of fertilizers (50 % mineral + 50 % organic + biofertilizer). The results of this study suggest that, it could be depended on the biological or organic farming to produce a better food and the integrated fertilization program should be followed in agriculture under drip irrigation even in clay loam soil.
Babyleaf NFT production and water management in aquaponic system
Acta Horticulturae, 2018
Fish production in aquaculture is continuously increasing worldwide and the need for further increases is expected in the future. Aquaculture has several disadvantages considering environmental impact and water consumption, consequently aquaponic (AP) systems were proposed as one of the possible solutions for these issues. Although AP is an effective combination of vegetable and fish production, there is a mismatch between the nutrients provided by the fish compartment and the requirements of the plants. Once the system becomes limiting for the plant growth (usually P and/or K elements), the remaining N accumulates in the system water. Therefore it is necessary to replace periodically the system water. This work is focused on this specific phase: investigating the further utilization of the AP system water that is depleted of P and K, but still rich in N. This system water (FW) was used in a separate aquaponic mesocosm and compared with the same water supplemented with macro-nutrients (CFW) and with a hydroponic control (HC). Mizuna (M) and rocket salad (R) were used as short-cycle vegetables crops in a NFT system. Evapotranspiration in the system and water quality parameters were significantly influenced by the treatments. The starting N-NO 3 concentration, similar in all systems, decreased by 31.2% in FW, 72.0% in HC and 82.7% in CFW. SPAD, plant height and total yield highlighted the inability of FW to meet the nutritional needs of both species. The highest production was recorded for CFW followed by HC (-7.5%) and FW (-74.7%) probably due to the presence of organic compounds with biostimulant activity. Mizuna was able to absorb more nutrients, because of the production of a developed root system. FW must be integrated with macro-and mesonutrients in order to ensure a suitable production; the use of CFW for short-cycle vegetable cultivation is an effective solution to manage the fish water at the end of an AP cycle, achieving significant production, reducing nitrogen load and further reducing the environmental impact of the system.
Production and water use in lettuces under variable water supply
Irrigation Science, 1996
The effects of a variable water supply on the water use, growth and yield of two crisphead and one romaine (i.e., Cos) lettuce cultivar were examined in a field experiment using a line source sprinkler system that produced a range of water regimes that occur in growers fields. Four locations at increasing distances from the main line were monitored through the season (i.e., from thinning to harvest, 28-63 days after planting (DAP)). These locations at the end of the season corresponded to: (1) rewatering to field capacity (FC); (2) watering with a volume 13% below that required in the field capacity treatment (0.87*FC); (3) 30% below FC (0.70*FC); and (4) 55% below FC (0.45*FC). A linear production function for dry matter accumulation and fresh weight vs. crop evapotranspiration (ET c) was determined for lettuce during this period, giving a water use efficiency for dry matter of 1.86 g m-2 mm-1 and for fresh weight of 48 g m-2 mm-1. For lettuce irrigated to field capacity, ET c between thinning and harvest was 146 mm; maximum crop coefficients of 0.81-1.02 were obtained at maturity (55-63 DAP). For the three irrigation treatments receiving the largest water application, ET c was higher in the Cos culivar than in the two crisphead lettuce cultivars which had similar ET c. Plant fresh weight was more sensitive than dry weight to reduction in water supply. In the FC treatment, root length density and soil water extraction were greatest in the top 0-45 cm, and decreased rapidly below 45 cm depth. Soil water extraction by roots increased at lower depths when irrigation was reduced. Instantaneous rates of leaf photosynthesis and leaf water potential showed no response to the irrigation treatments in this study, despite differences in biomass production. Evaporation was determined to be the major component of ET c for 45 of the 63 days of the growing season. The large loss of water by evaporation during mid-season and the apparent insensitivity of lettuce to the volume of irrigation during this period may provide an opportunity for reducing irrigation applications.
Effect of Flow Rate and Length of Gully on Lettuce Plants in Aquaponic and Hydroponic Systems
The main objective of this research is to study the effect of source of nutrients, water flow rate and length of gully to know the possibility of producing lettuce plants depending on the nutrients existing in effluent fish farm as compared with the lettuce production using standard nutrient solutions. To achieve that was studied the effect of source of nutrients (effluent fish water and nutrient solution), flow rate (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 L min-1) and length of gully (2, 3 and 4 m) on the following parameters: nutrient uptake, dry weight and NO3-N content in plant. The obtained results indicated that the fresh and dry weight of shoots increased in nutrient solution over those of effluent fish farm. The fresh and dry weight of shoots decreased with increasing the flow rate and the length of gully. The dry weight of roots increased in nutrient solution over those of effluent fish farm. The dry weight of roots decreased with increasing the flow rate and the length of gully. The NO3-N content significantly increased in nutrient solution over those of effluent fish farm. The NO3-N content decreased with increasing the flow rate and length of gully. The NO3/protein ratio increased in nutrient solution over those of effluent fish farm.
Responses of lettuce to irrigation levels and nitrogen forms
African journal of agricultural research
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and nitrogen forms on yield, quality and water use efficiency of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia cv. Lital) under greenhouse conditions during the periods November 2003 -February 2004 in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Four irrigation treatments with a drip irrigation system were based on adjustment coefficients (Kcp) (0, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25) of Class A pan evaporation. Nitrogen (N) treatments were consisted of ammonium nitrate (N AN ) and ammonium sulfate (N AS ) forms. As the yield and quality parameters of plant; mean marketable head weight, number of total and marketable leaves, plant height and diameters, root wet weight, plant dry weight, core diameters and tightness of head were determined. N forms significantly affected plant diameter and number of total and marketable leaves. Yield and other yield components were not affected by different N forms. Irrigation levels had significant (p < 0.01) different effects on yield and yield components except for plant dry weight. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained from N AN xKcp 100 interaction plot. The water use efficiency (WUE) and the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) increased as the irrigation level reduced.
Irrigation and nitrogen level affect lettuce yield in greenhouse condition
2008
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on lettuce yield characteristics in greenhouse condition from December 2006 to March 2007. Irrigation levels of 100% of total class A pan (S1), 80% of total class A pan (S2), 60% of total class A pan (S3) and nitrogen levels of 0 kg ha -1 (N1), 100 kg ha -1 (N2), 200 kg ha -1 (N3), and 300 kg ha -1 (N4) were applied by drip system. Irrigation levels did not show any significant effect on head weight, marketable head weight, number of leaves, height of plants, head circle, root length, and root extent except core length and total soluble solid, TSS. The highest head and marketable head weight were found as 355.17 and 334.78 g in S1 application, respectively. Nitrogen levels had no significant effect on measured parameters. These values were the highest as 365.06 and 342.93 g in N3 application.
Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2021
Squash yield. ABSTRACT Drip irrigation considered as one of modern irrigation systems which used to reduce water losses and increase water use efficiency. The present work was conducted in the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, during summer 2019. The work amid to study the response of squash to three different irrigation intervals "irrigation day after day; irrigation every three days and irrigation every five days" using D5000, PCND and PC2 emitters. The coefficient of variation "C.V", emission uniformity "EU", statistical uniformity coefficient "Us" and Christiansen uniformity "CU" were calculated for all tested emitters. The results revealed that a significant effect of the irrigation intervals on the flow rate of all emitters under study. D5000 showed the highest C.V followed by PCND type. The largest C.V was shown in D5000 under irrigation every 5 days while the lowest one was presented in PC2 under ...
Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) To Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment
Journal of Tropical Crop Science
The fish feed waste and litters are organic matter that can be a source of nutrients for plants. This study is aimed to determine the growth and production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) treated with wastewater from hard-lipped barb culture of several population densities. The research was carried out from April through June of 2020 at the greenhouse of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Djuanda University, Bogor, Indonesia. The controlled study used a randomized block design with one factor, wastewater from fish population density of 10, 20 and 30 per 21 L of water, and AB Mix as a control. Plants treated with the AB Mix were significantly superior to those plants treated with the hard-lipped barb farming wastewater, demonstrated by taller plants, more and larger leaves, larger stem diameter and leaf area, longer roots, greater fresh and dry weight, as well as a higher leaf nitrate content. The aquaculture wastewater at the tested fish density in this study d...