"A REVIEW STUDY ON STEEL STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO BLAST LOADING" (original) (raw)
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Progressive collapse potential of a typical steel building due to blast attacks
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2014
The recent terrorist attacks all around the world and the evidence of the threats found especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have prompted the concerned authorities to address the risks to the critical infrastructure of the Kingdom. Understanding of the progressive collapse mechanism is an essential step to protect buildings against blast attacks. Buildings are very vulnerable to progressive collapse if one or more columns are lost due to extreme loadings. It is also important to study the likelihood of progressive collapse of buildings in Riyadh to avoid catastrophic events. The paper presents progressive collapse analysis of a typical multi-storey steel framed building in Riyadh to establish its vulnerability when subjected to accidental or terrorist attack blast scenarios. A commercial finite element (FE) package (LS-DYNA) was used to simulate the building response under blast generated waves. The numerical modeling was validated using the results of a published example of tubular steel beam subjected to blast load. Based on the FE analysis results, recommendations are given to mitigate (or control) the progressive collapse potential of steel buildings.
ANALYSIS OF G+6 STORY STEEL STRUCTURE UNDER BLASTING EFFECT
IRJET, 2023
A detailed study of the progressive collapse analysis of multi-story buildings subjected to blast loading is now required due to the severe damage to property and life caused by recent terrorist attacks on the infrastructure. Research has typically been conducted using the Alternative Path Method (APM) with sudden column removal while neglecting the ideal site for blast loading. In this thesis, 3D models of a steel building with six stories and direct blast load modelling are suggested. Additionally, the impact of blast loading has been assessed at numerous sites. Two different types of explosive events-vehicle-borne and package bomb-have been taken into consideration. By employing a numerical model of the structure created with the "STAAD PRO" SOFTWARE, the blast load is analytically computed. By using a published example of a 7-story steel building that was subjected to blast load, the numerical model is validated. The collapse of steel buildings has been postulated as a possible outcome of the finite analysis, and proposals have been made to control it. By using a published example of a 7-story steel building that was subjected to blast load, the numerical model is validated.
IJERT-Numerical Analysis of Steel Building Under blast Loading
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/numerical-analysis-of-steel-building-under-blast-loading https://www.ijert.org/research/numerical-analysis-of-steel-building-under-blast-loading-IJERTV3IS110846.pdf Explosions are widely used for demolition purpose such as in construction or development works, military applications and destruction. But also it is common to use in terrorist activities and easy to produce with a great power to cause structural damage and injuries.The aim of the paper is to understand the explosion phenomena and its load on structures by introducinga historical studies and equations.Moreover, finite element program SAP2000 was conducted to study and analyze the real behavior of steel structure which subjected to blast loads withdifferent charge weights at the same building situation.The main parameters considered in this study were displacement, terrorist threat and demand capacity ratio (D/C). The blast load was determined as a pressure-time history.
Dynamic response and robustness of tall buildings under blast loading
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2013
Recently, extensive research has been focused on the progressive collapse analysis of the multi-storey buildings. However, most of the research is based on the Alternative Path Method (APM) with sudden removal of the columns, ignoring the duration of the blast load working on the structures. In this paper, a 3-D numerical model with the direct simulation of blast load is proposed to study the real behaviour of a 20 storey tall building under the blast loading. A typical package bomb charge of 15 kg was detonated on the 12 th floor. The corresponding dynamic response of structure was studied in details. The robustness of the building under blast load was assessed. Comparison between the proposed method and the APM was also made. It is found that, due to the uplift and downward pressure working on the slab, the column force under the direct blast simulation method is smaller than that of the alternative path method. The method to enhance the robustness of the buildings is also recommended.
2015
Extensive research has been focused on the progressive collapse analysis of buildings and most of them are based on the alternative path method (APM) with sudden removal of one or several columns. However, in this method the damage of adjacent elements of removed columns under blast conditions was ignored and this issue can lead to an incorrect prediction of progressive collapse. Therefore, in this study to evaluate the alternative load path method in predicting the progressive collapse due to blast loading, a 3-D finite element model of a 7 storey steel building simulated and the behavior of structure was studied using the direct applying of blast load method and alternative load path method. For simulating and applying the blast loading and assessment of their direct effects on structures, a blast load equivalent to 1 ton TNT was considered at a distance of 4 meters from the corner of the structure. The pressures of this blast in 4 loading cases are applied to the adjacent structu...
Analytical Investigation of High rise Building under Blast Loading.pdf
This paper presents the dynamic response of high rise building subjected to blast loading. It is about understanding the explosion phenomena and investigating the dynamic response of a concrete frame structure by using SAP2000. Building is of 10 storey is exposed to 30kg TNT and 60kg TNT with three different standoff distances of 10m, 12.5m and 15m respectively. A non-linear three Dimensional is used for analyzing the dynamic response of a structure. In the present scenario, structures under blast loading (i.e. bomb explosion) are acting in short duration with high pressure intensity of shock wave which is outlined in section of TM-5 1300.The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of high rise buildings under blast loading, blast phenomena and dynamic response of a concrete frame structure under blast loading by using SAP2000 software. Blasting vibration responses are simulated by using MATLAB program. The result obtained in terms of time history function, displacements and influence of the parameter considering the resistance of structure. Therefore, for decreasing the facade on surrounding buildings, moderate explosive energy is used to control the structural damages due to explosion.
Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, 2019
the work in the progressive collapse of three-dimensional composite buildings quite limited due to the cost and difficulties of the full-scale experimental tests and the complexity of the modelling technique. Researchers and design engineers are following The Alternative Load Path method (ALP) recommended by GSA and DoD guidelines to mitigate the progressive collapse potential. The commonly used ALP method, which considers as a threat-independent methodology, taking into account single column removal scenarios only regardless of the threat load type. This paper investigates the efficiency of the ALP to determine the progressive collapse potential of 3D composite building when subjected to 500 kg of TNT. Two-stage nonlinear dynamic analysis of 3D composite 9-story building with top and seat double web angle connection is carried out. In the first stage of analysis the axial load carried by the columns under gravity load is calculated. The second stage devotes to find out the number of columns likely to be involved in the progressive collapse using the damage index criteria through three-step of loading. A precise analysis is implemented to find out the effect of column location in the remaining capacity of the column. The influence of the boundary condition on the column response under blast load is highlighted. The results show that the ALP methodology is not usually conservative and may be more than one column wiped out under 500 kg of TNT which may be carried by a small vehicle. The commonly used damage criteria (stability, yielding and fracture) cannot capture the realistic damage of axial load bearing column, and the damage index which is related to its global behaviour has to be used. The structure response drastically increased when two columns removed at a time under blast load compared to the single column removal recommended by ALP of the DoD.
Response of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures under Blast Loading
Procedia Engineering, 2017
Explosions near buildings can cause catastrophic damages and can cause injuries and loss of life to the occupants of these buildings. Experiments on explosions can be very expensive, dangerous and time consuming compared to simulation using suitable software. This study aims at modeling and analyzing a reinforced concrete structure under blast loading using finite element software LS-DYNA. The verification of the developed model was carried out by comparing the results of deflection and spalling with those obtained by reliable field experimental tests. The verification process indicated a close agreement between the obtained results of the model and those obtained from the actual experiments. The material models of concrete and steel were carefully chosen to represent the actual behavior of both materials. The concrete and the steel reinforcement were modeled using LS-DYNA software as solid elements. Concrete was modeled using a continuous cap material model. The steel rebar was modeled using a material model with plastic deformation and strain rate effects. The penalty method was used for linking the concrete and the steel reinforcement joints. The blast was modeled using an empirical method that yielded a very good results. The developed model was utilized to study the effect of blast loading on a square 3 m single story building, where the blast was located in the middle of the building and 1 m away of the building side. The model was analyzed for 2 milliseconds. The effect of increasing concrete strength was studied. The effect of changing the blast location on the behavior of the structure was also investigated.
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Building Frame Subjected to Different Types of Blast Loading
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016
Objectives: To assess the behaviour of reinforced concrete building frames under different types of blast loads. Methods: The method adopted for the analysis was ConWep blast load method. This is a computational method and is based on collection of conventional weapon effects calculations developed by U.S Dept. of Army 1998. The finite element modelling of the building was carried out by using the standard hydrocode software LS_DYNA_971 R 7.1. The charge weight was considered as 226.8 kg of TNT explosive. Findings: Building structures are constructed throughout the world in accordance with building codes. The available codes lack substantial design considerations to prevent or minimize the impact caused by any sort of blast. The attacks by terrorists mainly focus on the iconic buildings like school buildings, government offices and hospitals etc. which affects the safety of the structure and causes loss of lives. So before the design it is required to know the behaviour of the entire building and its critical elements to design to resists the blast loads. In this study, the material models used for the representation of concrete and steel are CSCM_CONCRETE and PIECEWISE_LINEAR_ PLASTICITY respectively. The details of the modelling of building and its progressive collapse, material properties are also discussed. Improvements: The codes which are available for blast design are not provided the different types of failure conditions, for this reason this study was conducted and the failure conditions are observed.
Dynamic analysis of a blast loaded steel structure
Procedia Engineering, 2017
With the increase in terrorist attacks in recent years, the effects of explosions on building become highly topical. In this regard, the paper deals with the analysis of blast loaded steel structures. When a blast loaded structure is analysed, as known, two major design issues and scientific challenges have to be approached and solved. The first issue derives from the analysis and description of the input dynamic load (time-pressure wave), being dependent on the type of explosion and explosive, while the second issue is related to the analysis of the actual dynamic response of the structure under impact. As such, real field blast tests using the so called ANFO explosives are first presented. The examined constructional system consists of steel rolled beams with two different type of cross sections (HEB100 and IPE120). The actual experimental observations are then assessed and compared with both SDOF and FE models carried out in ABAQUS. In doing so, the actual shape (i.e. decaying path for the pressure load) of the experimental blast wave is used, together with two further approximations for its description. The comparative calculations are then proposed for selected control points, in terms of mechanical and kinematic quantities (i.e. displacements, accelerations and strains). A critical discussion of the so collected comparative results is hence proposed.