Jatropha’s Rapid Developments and Future Opportunities as a Renewable Source of Biofuel—A Review (original) (raw)
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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021
Scarcity, insecurity, and severe environmental impact of fossil fuel-based energy consumption have enthused the production and utilization of alternative energy resources. Biodiesel is identified as promising renewable energy that can substitute the petrol diesel consumption with numerous advantages. However, more than 95% of biodiesel is produced from edible oil crops, which jeopardizes the food supplies. As a result, exploring inexpensive and non-edible oil-bearing energy crops such as Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) has been the target of governments, researchers, industries, and policymakers. However, sustainable biodiesel production from this plant is not achieved yet due to various ecological, socioeconomic, legislative, and technological factors. Previous reports showed that the individual impact of those factors; however, all factors are strongly correlated, and the impact of one factor is significantly affected by the situation of other factors. Therefore, the present review is devoted to critically examine and discuss the sole and interactive effect of various factors affecting the cultivation of Jatropha for sustainable biodiesel production by reviewing more than 185 published articles. Various oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies and factors affecting the physicochemical properties of Jatropha oil and biodiesel were profoundly investigated. Moreover, the performance, combustion, and emission characteristic of diesel engines fuelled with Jatropha biodiesel were carefully reviewed and compared with petrol diesel. In conclusion, factors affecting the sustainable biodiesel production potential of Jatropha vary across growing regions due to variation in determinants, and the performance and emission characteristic of diesel engines fuelled with Jatropha biodiesel slightly differed from petrol diesel.
Growing Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) as a Potential Second-Generation Biodiesel Feedstock
Inventions, 2021
Dwindling supplies of fossil fuels and their deleterious impacts on human health and the global environment have intensified the search for substitute energy sources. Biodiesel has been identified as a promising renewable energy substitute for diesel fuel due to several comparable and sustainable properties. However, approximately 95% of biodiesel is derived from edible oil crops, threatening the current food supplies. Therefore, the biodiesel production potential from inexpensive, non-edible, and non-conventional bioenergy crops, such as Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), has attracted the attention of many researchers, policymakers, and industries globally. Jatropha is considered to be the second-generation biofuel feedstocks for biodiesel production. However, sustainable biodiesel generation from J. curcas oil has not yet been attained, owing to different socio-economic, ecological, and technical factors. This study aimed to synthesize the information from the existing literature on ...
Does Biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas Represent a Sustainable Alternative Energy Source?
Sustainability, 2009
Various government agencies around the world have proposed vegetable oils and their conversion to biodiesel as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Due to its adaptability to marginal soils and environments, the cultivation of Jatropha curcas is frequently mentioned as the best option for producing biodiesel. In the present work the current situation of proven and potential reserves of fossil fuel, and the production and consumption model for the same are analyzed, in order to later review the sustainability of the production process which begins with the cultivation of J. curcas, and culminates with the consumption of biodiesel. A review of the following topics is proposed in order to improve the sustainability of the process: areas destined for cultivation, use of external (chemical) inputs in cultivation, processes for converting the vegetable oil to biodiesel, and, above all, the location for ultimate consumption of the biofuel.
Sustainable Energy Production from Jatropha Biodiesel
2012
The demand for petroleum has risen rapidly due to increasing industrialization and modernization of the world. This economic development has led to a huge demand for energy, where the major part of that energy is derived from fossil sources such as petroleum, coal and natural gas. Continued use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies. There is a growing interest in using Jatropha curcas L. oil as the feedstock for biodiesel production because it is non-edible and thus does not compromise the edible oils, which are mainly used for food consumption. Further, J. curcas L. seed has a high content of free fatty acids that is converted in to biodiesel by trans esterification with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The biodiesel produced has similar properties to that of petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel fuel has better properties than petro diesel fuel; it is renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics. Biodiesel seems to be a realistic fuel for future. Biodiesel has the potential to economically, socially, and environmentally benefit communities as well as countries, and to contribute toward their sustainable development.
Current Progress of Jatropha Curcas Commoditisation as Biodiesel Feedstock: A Comprehensive Review
Frontiers in Energy Research, 2022
This article looks at the national and global actors, social networks, and narratives that have influenced Jatropha's worldwide acceptability as a biofuel crop. Jatropha Curcas is a genus of around 175 succulent shrubs and trees in the Euphorbiaceae family (some of which are deciduous, such as Jatropha Curcas L.). It's a drought-tolerant perennial that thrives in poor or marginal soil and produces a large amount of oil per hectare. It is easy to grow, has a fast growth rate, and can generate seeds for up to 50 years. Jatropha Curcas has been developed as a unique and promising tropical plant for augmenting renewable energy sources due to its various benefits. It is deserving of being recognised as the only competitor in terms of concrete and intangible environmental advantages. Jatropha Curcas is a low-cost biodiesel feedstock with good fuel properties and more oil than other species. It is a non-edible oilseed feedstock. Thus it will have no impact on food prices or the food vs fuel debate. Jatropha Curcas emits fewer pollutants than diesel and may be used in diesel engines with equivalent performance. Jatropha Curcas also makes a substantial contribution to the betterment of rural life. The plant may also provide up to 40% oil yield per seed based on weight. This study looks at the features characteristics of Jatropha Curcas as biodiesel feedstock and performance, and emissions of internal combustion engine that operates on this biodiesel fuel.
Over time, the quest for alternative fuel devoid of environmental degradation has intensified research on biodiesel synthesis from diverse feedstock. Biodiesel is an environmental friendly alternative liquid fuel that can be used in any diesel engine with little or no engine modification. There has been kindled interest in vegetable oils consideration for making biodiesel on account of its less polluting nature and benefits of its renewability compared to fossil diesel fuel. Once biodiesel is accorded the needed support and incentive, it stands to offer enormous benefits for the environment and the local population in terms of employment opportunity as well as provision of modern energy carriers for the use of rural communities. Moreover, non-edible oil such as jatropha curcas oil has experienced ongoing inquiry due to food-energy feud of some edible oils utilized as feedstock in biodiesel synthesis. In producing biodiesel which can be economically viable, it is imperative that the ...
Potential of Jatropha curcas L. as Biodiesel Feedstock in Malaysia: A Concise Review
Processes
Fluctuation in fossil fuel prices and the increasing awareness of environmental degradation have prompted the search for alternatives from renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is the most efficient alternative to fossil fuel substitution because it can be properly modified for current diesel engines. It is a vegetable oil-based fuel with similar properties to petroleum diesel. Generally, biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable, and highly efficient alternative for fossil fuel substitution. In Malaysia, oil palm is considered as the most valuable commodity crop and gives a high economic return to the country. However, the ethical challenge of food or fuel makes palm oil not an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, attention is shifted to non-edible feedstock like Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (Jatropha curcas L.). It is an inedible oil-bearing crop that can be processed into biodiesel. It has a high-seed yield that could be continually produced for up to 50 years. Furthermor...
Jatropha curcas oil a potential feedstock for biodiesel production: A critical review
Biodiesel is a low-emissions diesel substitute fuel made from renewable resources. The excessive reliance on edible oils for biodiesel production raises concerns about food-versus-fuel issues including starvation in poor nations. In contrast, non-edible plant oils are extensively utilized in developing countries due to the high cost of edible oils, also driven by their high demand as a food source. In the past few years, research efforts have been directed towards identifying cost-effective and readily available feedstocks for biodiesel production, given that 75 % of the overall production expenses depend upon the choice of feedstock. Therefore, this review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of advancements and developments associated with converting non-edible Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) into biodiesel. A brief comparison of physiochemical properties across different geographical regions is also provided. The study delves into the efficiency, combustion, and emission properties of diesel engines fueled by Jatropha biodiesel. To visualize the evolving landscape of this research, a total of 400 publications from the Scopus Collection databases, spanning the periods of 2002-2022 and 2012-2022, were analyzed using VOSviewer. Additionally, life cycle assessment (LCA) facilitates an understanding of the practical implications and benefits of employing Jatropha biodiesel as a fuel source. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), was conducted to study the economic viability of the JCO biodiesel. A brief conclusion about the potential JCO feedstock in biodiesel production and their future perspective is presented.
Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas: A review
2010
Biodiesel has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Biodiesel can be obtained from vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) and from animal fat. Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, a multipurpose plant, contains high amount of oil in its seeds which can be converted to biodiesel. J. curcas is probably the most highly promoted oilseed crop at present in the world. The availability and sustainability of sufficient supplies of less expensive feedstock in the form of vegetable oils, particularly J. curcas and efficient processing technology to biodiesel will be crucial determinants of delivering a competitive biodiesel. Oil contents, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition of J. curcas reported in literature are provided in this review. The fuel properties of Jatropha biodiesel are comparable to those of fossil diesel and confirm to the American and European standards. The objective of this review is to give an update on the J. curcas L. plant, the production of biodiesel from the seed oil and research attempts to improve the technology of converting vegetable oil to biodiesel and the fuel properties of the Jatropha biodiesel. The technological methods that can be used to produce biodiesel are presented together with their advantages and disadvantages. The use of lipase as biotechnological solution to alkali and acid catalysis of transesterification and its advantages is discussed. There is need to carry out research on the detoxification of the seed cake to increase the benefits from J. curcas. There is also need to carry out life-cycle assessment and the environment impacts of introducing large scale plantations. There is also still a dearth of research about the influence of various cultivation-related factors and their interactions and influence on seed yield. Many other areas that need to be researched on Jatropha curcas L. are pointed out in this review.
Does Biodiesel from Does Jatropha Curcas Represent a Sustainable Alternative Energy Source?
Various government agencies around the world have proposed vegetable oils and their conversion to biodiesel as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Due to its adaptability to marginal soils and environments, the cultivation of Jatropha curcas is frequently mentioned as the best option for producing biodiesel. In the present work the current situation of proven and potential reserves of fossil fuel, and the production and consumption model for the same are analyzed, in order to later review the sustainability of the production process which begins with the cultivation of J. curcas, and culminates with the consumption of biodiesel. A review of the following topics is proposed in order to improve the sustainability of the process: areas destined for cultivation, use of external (chemical) inputs in cultivation, processes for converting the vegetable oil to biodiesel, and, above all, the location for ultimate consumption of the biofuel.