Schistosomiasis in Sub-Sahara Africa: Causes, Consequences and Control Measures for a Leading Neglected Tropical Disease (original) (raw)
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Schistosomiasis is a parasite disease that affects both humans and animals and is brought on by the blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. It is one of the world’s most enduring neglected tropical diseases. Sub-Saharians make up more than 90% of them, and a significant portion of Ethiopians are afflicted and at risk. It spread across the entire nation and was correlated with the rapid development of water resources and population growth. The two species of freshwater snails, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Biomphalaria sudanica, are responsible for the parasite’s transmission in Ethiopia. Compared to the three primary schistosomes that infect people, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma intercalatum, and Schistosoma mekongi have less of an epidemiological impact. Geographically, S. haematobium and S. mansoni are more common in Africa than other species. Epidemiological coverage is also influenced by seasonal distributions throughout the postrai...
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
Schistosomiasis is a serious and neglected global tropical disease, affecting upwards of 230 million people, with more than 95% of infections concentrated in Africa. For many years, the main schistosomiasis control strategy in Africa focused on mass drug administration (MDA). The aim of this study was to compare the difference between MDA alone and alongside another intervention, namely snail control, by exploring effective measures for eliminating schistosomiasis. Retrospective data of human prevalence on Schistosoma haematobium and major control measures were collected from the China-Zanzibar-WHO Cooperation Project for Schistosomiasis Elimination (CZW) and the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission (ZEST) project since 2012. The optimal order polynomial regression fitting model and joinpoint regression model (JRM) were used to analyze trends in schistosomiasis prevalence and the consistency of change points with strengthening of the control measures. In Unguja Islan...
2012
Introduction Schistosomiasis refers to infection with Schistosoma trematode flat worms or flukes that are transmitted by fresh water snails. The disease is zoonotic and when it occurs in man it is called bilharzia. Blood in urine signifies infection by Schistosoma haematobium, a condition called urinary schistosomiasis and blood in stool indicates infection by Schistosoma mansoni, a condition called intestinal schistosomiasis. Each schistosome has its intermediate snail host which facilitates the transmission of infective stage to man. The disease is endemic in 75 countries affecting more than 200 million people mostly those living in rural and agricultural areas (Clements, Moyeed and Brooker 2006). According to (WHO, 1993), about 500 000 to 500 million people are at risk of being infected with schistosomiasis as a result of poverty, inadequate hygienic practices coupled with inadequate water supply as found mostly in the least developed tropical countries of the world. The three mo...