Gendelman P. 2023. The Pottery (original) (raw)

Archaic, Classical, and Roman Pottery

Archaeological Investigations in a Northern Albanian Province: Results of the Projekti Arkeologjik i Shkodrës (PASH): Volume Two: Artifacts and Artifact Analysis, 2023

Table 11.2. Pottery analyzed from surface collection units at Kratul i Madh (Site 001). Categories Slipped Rims Handles Bases Decorated body sherds Body sherds Lids Total % Tiles 12 12 27% Pithoi Storage 1 1 2% Serving wares Without 2 9% Red 2 Black 4 Finewares Red Black Amphoras 10 5 1 8 24 55% Cooking wares Weights Unidentifi ed category 3 3 7% Total 44 100% Table 11.3. Pottery analyzed from tracts associated with Kratul i Madh (Site 001). Categories Slipped Rims Handles Bases Decorated body sherds Body sherds Lids Total % Tiles Pithoi Storage Serving wares Without Red Black Finewares Red Black Amphoras 8 9 3 24 44 49% Cooking wares Weights Unidentifi ed category 2 46 51% Total 90 100% medium, and large sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Inclusions, probably silica, in large sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Quartz (?) inclusions, small in size, with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 6. White inclusions (shells), small in size, with large distribution/quantity; medium and larger sizes with average distribution/quantity. Reddish inclusions, small-and midsized with average distribution/quantity; larger sizes with rare distribution/quantity (mudstone?). Mica with rare distribution/ quantity. Some unidentifiable inclusions in large sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 7. White inclusions (shells), small in size, with large distribution/quantity; medium sized with average distribution/ quantity. Reddish inclusions in small and medium sizes with average distribution/quantity; larger sizes with rare distribution/ quantity. Mica or small quartz inclusions with rare distribution/ quantity. Some unidentifiable inclusions, large in size, with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 8. Dark brown inclusions, small-and mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions (carbonized shells, probably), mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Quartz inclusions, small in size, with average distribution/ quantity; medium-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Some large unidentifiable inclusions with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 9. White inclusions (shells), small-, mid-and largesized, with high distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions in the mid-and larger size ranges with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 10. White inclusions (shells), small in size, with wide distribution; medium-sized with average distribution; largesized with rare distribution/quantity. Small, dark brown inclusions with average distribution/quantity; medium-and large-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Mica or small quartz inclusions with rare distribution/quantity. Some large, unidentifiable inclusions with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 11. Clay with large quantity of shells, giving the impression of a porous mixture. Small, reddish inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/ quantity. Small, quartz inclusions with average distribution/ quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 12. Small, white inclusions (shells) with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with average distribution/ quantity; large-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with average distribution/quantity; large-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions in small, medium, and large sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 13. Small, white inclusions (shells) with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions in medium and larger sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Quartz inclusions, small and medium in size, with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 14. Slightly porous clay. Small, white inclusions (shells) with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with average distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Silica inclusions (?) in small and medium sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions in mid-and larger size with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 15. Small, dark brown inclusions (carbonized shells) with large distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Small, gold mica inclusions with large distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions, mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 16. White inclusions (shells) in small and medium sizes with large distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/ quantity. Medium-and large-sized dark brown inclusions with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 17. Small white inclusions (shells) with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with average distribution/ quantity; large-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with average distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Large dark brown inclusions with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 18. White inclusions (limestones?), small-and midsized with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with average distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/ quantity. Large and medium dark brown inclusions with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 19. Small white inclusions (limestones) with average distribution/quantity; larger sized with rare distribution/quantity. Black inclusions with average distribution/quantity; large-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with average distribution/quantity; mid-and large-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Reddish inclusions in all sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 20. White inclusions (shells) in small and medium sizes with rare distribution. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; medium and larger sizes with rare distribution/ quantity. Reddish inclusions in medium and larger sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions in all sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Alternating poorly and well fired vertical layers are visible along the lateral edges of the samples. Clay nr. 21. Small white inclusions (shells) with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown and reddish inclusions, small and medium in size, with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with average distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 22. White inclusions (shells) in small and medium sizes with large distribution/quantity; larger sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions in all sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with average distribution/quantity; medium-sized with rare distribution/ quantity. Clay nr. 23. White inclusions (shells) in mid-and large sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Small dark brown inclusions (cafe) with average distribution/quantity; mid-and larger sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. except for the presence of white inclusions (shells), in the middle and larger size ranges, with rare distribution/quantity. It is a very well-prepared clay and has some fine horizontal layers in beige color, which seems not to be a result of problematic firing but rather reflects clay composition. Clay nr. 25. Very well-prepared, uniform clay. Clearly distinguishable from all the others. Small white inclusions (shells) with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/ quantity; large-sized with average distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions in the medium and large size ranges, with average distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions in the small and medium size ranges, with rare distribution/quantity; largesized with average distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 26. Small white inclusions (shells) with large distribution/quantity; mid-and large-sized with rare distribution/ quantity. Medium-and large-sized white inclusions (limestones? silica?) with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions in the medium-and larger size ranges, with rare distribution/ quantity. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with average distribution/quantity; larger size with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 27. White inclusions (limestones) in the small and medium size ranges with large distribution/quantity; larger sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions in all sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with average distribution/ quantity; larger sizes with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 28. Small white inclusions (shells) with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with average distribution/ quantity; large-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Medium and large dark brown inclusions with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 29. White inclusions (shells), small-and mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Small white inclusions (limestones) with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with average distribution/quantity; large-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Dark brown inclusions, small and medium, with rare distribution/ quantity. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with average distribution/quantity. Clay nr. 30. Small and medium dark brown inclusions with rare distribution/quantity. Small quartz inclusions with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Unclear if small mica or quartz inclusions. Clay nr. 31. Small white inclusions (shells) with large distribution/quantity; mid-sized with average distribution/ quantity; large-sized with rare distribution/quantity. Small brown inclusions (carbonized shells) with large distribution/quantity; medium and large sizes...

PAINTED POTTERY: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Navajo Mountain Road Project final report (Vol. 5, p. Chapter 3). onine publication: University of Utah Press. , 2008

This chapter presents an analysis of painted bowl rim sherds undertaken to infer relationships between whiteware and orangeware vessels and their producers, and to address craft specialization, exchange, migration, and aggregation in the northern Kayenta region. Analysis focuses on stylistic similarities and differences between Tusayan White Ware and contemporaneous Tsegi Orange Ware. A final section attempts to explain the predominance of redware bowls and whiteware jars in the late Pueblo II to middle Pueblo III period via symbolic interpretation. Based on burial assemblages that included pottery-making tools and unfired pottery, in the Kayenta area proper, Beals et al. (1945) suggested that Kayenta potters produced both orangeware and whiteware vessels. They studied about 50,000 sherds and vessels from more than 500 sites investigated by the Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley Expedition in and near Tsegi Canyon in the 1930s. Their ceramic seriation validated the use of Colton and Hargrave's 1937 typology for answering basic questions about chronology and cultural affiliation. They created no new types, but conflated some (such as Betatakin Black-on-white with Tusayan Black-on-white). Nonetheless, they saw a need to examine vessel form and painted pottery decoration in more detail than typological categories provide. In the course of their research, they examined whole vessels in museum collections in addition to ones collected by their expedition. Detailed study of design styles suggested to them that orangeware and whiteware styles were somewhat similar in the Pueblo II period, and highly distinct in the Pueblo III period. Pueblo III orangeware decoration seemed to evolve out of Pueblo II whiteware styles, but Pueblo III whiteware styles seemed to reflect an imported tradition, perhaps, they speculated, from the Flagstaff area. The N16 project attempts to build on the solid foundation left by the Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley analyses. We have fewer reconstructible vessels to work with, so we focused on rim sherds. Due to time and resource constraints, we initially focused on bowl forms. Our results corroborate those of Beals et al. in many ways but identify some differences between the Kayenta heartland and the Navajo Mountain area, and make some limited comparisons with the western and eastern Mesa Verde areas. We expand on their interpretations by drawing on cross-media comparison (with textiles and baskets), recent studies in ceramic ethnoarchaeology, classic ethnographies, and metaphor theory. RESEARCH QUESTIONS Our first goal was to find out how much variation in rim form is patterned in time to assess the possibility of using bowl rim form for microseriation to help refine site chronologies. Several researchers have demonstrated some success with microstyle chronology of Mesa Verde White Ware (Hegmon 1991) and Mimbres area (Shafer and Brewington 1995) decorated ceramics. LaMotta (2002) has used banding and framing lines on Jeddito Yellow Ware and Winslow Orange Ware bowls to develop a temporal sequence for the Homol'ovi area. Unfortunately, only one N16 project site with an adequate ceramic sample yielded tree-ring dates, and relative chronological placement of assemblages remains imprecise. While we can use ceramic data to suggest relative dates and even date ranges for sites and components, we cannot test this sequence against absolute dates. Therefore, we focused our stylistic analyses on other questions. Second, we wished to know whether the pattern inferred by Beals et al. (1945) for the Tsegi Canyon area holds true in the Navajo Mountain area. Were whiteware and orangeware bowls more likely to have been made by the same potters working with different materials and firing technologies, as in the Tsegi Canyon-Kayenta area? Were these two wares produced by different groups of potters in different areas who then exchanged whiteware for orangeware, and vice versa? Or does some combination of trade and local production account for observed patterns? Examination of materials (Chapter 2) suggests that potters selected different materials (iron-rich vs. iron-poor clay, crushed sherd vs. sand temper, and mineral vs. organic paints) and employed different firing techniques to make whiteware and orangeware