Multiagent Plan Execution and Work Practice (original) (raw)
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Multiagent Plan Execution and Work Practice: Modeling plans and practices onboard the ISS
2002
Numerous interdependent and uncertain constraints affect plan execution onboard a space ship. Plans are often invalid as they are being executed in the real world. Human work practices partly develop to deal with these realities. However, practices are difficult to study and represent within traditional planning tools. We discuss how modeling the work practices of the ISS Crew is used to develop a plan execution method that can deal with real world situations onboard the ISS. Brahms-a multiagent activity-based language-is used to model situated action and plan execution of human activities in practice.
Agent based modeling of collaboration and work practices onboard the international space station
2002
ABSTRACT: The International Space Station is one the most complex projects ever, with numerous interdependent constraints affecting productivity and crew safety. This requires planning years before crew expeditions, and the use of sophisticated scheduling tools. Human work practices, however, are difficult to study and represent within traditional planning tools. We present an agent-based model and simulation of the activities and work practices of astronauts onboard the ISS.
Agent Based Modeling of Collaboration and Work Practices
2009
The International Space Station is one the most complex projects ever, with numerous interdependent constraints affecting productivity and crew safety. This requires planning years before crew expeditions, and the use of sophisticated scheduling tools. Human work practices, however, are difficult to study and represent within traditional planning tools. We present an agent-based model and simulation of the activities and work practices of astronauts onboard the ISS. The model represents “a day in the life” of the ISS crew and is developed in Brahms—an agent-oriented, activity-based language used to model knowledge in situated action and learning in human activities.
Brahms: a multi-agent modelling environment for simulating work processes and practices
International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling, 2015
Modelling and simulating work processes is often done at such an abstract level that individual work practice-collaboration, communication, 'off-task' behaviours, multitasking, interrupted and resumed activities, informal interactions, use of tools and movements-is left out, making the description of how the work in an organization actually gets done impossible. This paper describes the Brahms modelling and simulation environment, developed at NASA Ames Research Center. The Brahms modelling language is geared towards modelling people's activity behaviour, making it an ideal environment for simulating organizational processes at a level that allows the analysis of the work practice and designing new work processes at the implementation level.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2008
OCAMS is a practical engineering application of multi-agent systems technology, involving redesign of the tools and practices in a complex, distributed system. OCAMS is designed to assist flight controllers in managing interactions with the file system onboard the International Space Station. The "simulation to implementation" development methodology combines ethnography, participatory design, multiagent simulation, and agent-based systems integration. We describe the model of existing operations and how it was converted into a future operations simulation that embeds a multiagent tool that automates part of the work. This hybrid simulation flexibly combines actual and simulated systems (e.g., mail) and objects (e.g., files) with simulated people, and is validated with actual data. A middleware infrastructure for agent societies is thus demonstrated in which agents are used to link arbitrary hardware and software systems to distributed teams of people on earth and in space-the first step in developing an interplanetary multiagent system.
Multiagent Work Practice Simulation: Progress and Challenges
2002
Modeling and simulating complex human-system interactions requires going beyond formal procedures and information flows to analyze how people interact with each other. Such work practices include conversations, modes of communication, informal assistance, impromptu meetings, workarounds, and so on. To make these social processes visible, we have developed a multiagent simulation tool, called Brahms, for modeling the activities of people belonging to multiple groups, situated in a physical environment (geographic regions, buildings, transport vehicles, etc.) consisting of tools, documents, and computer systems. We are finding many useful applications of Brahms for system requirements analysis, instruction, implementing software agents, and as a workbench for relating cognitive and social theories of human behavior. Many challenges remain for representing work practices, including modeling: memory over multiple days, scheduled activities combining physical objects, groups, and locations on a timeline (such as a Space Shuttle mission), habitat vehicles with trajectories (such as the Shuttle), agent movement in 3d space (e.g., inside the International Space Station), agent posture and line of sight, coupled movements (such as carrying objects), and learning (mimicry, forming habits, detecting repetition, etc.).
Agent-based simulation of shuttle mission operations
2007
A human-centered work process modeling project at NASA's Mission Control Center is presented. The approach uses NASA's agent-based modeling and simulation tool called Brahms. Brahms is a multiagent BDI-like modeling language and simulation environment. The objective of the project is to show how detailed agent-based modeling and simulation can be used in the analysis and design of new mission operations work processes at NASA. MODAT is the work analysis and design decision-making tool developed as an integration of Brahms and Microsoft Excel for both model design input, and simulation statistics output.
2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 2015
With the Robonaut-2 humanoid robot now permanently flying on the ISS, the potential role for robots participating in cooperative activity in space is becoming a reality. Recent research has demonstrated that cooperation in the joint achievement of shared goals is a promising framework for human interaction with robots, with application in space. Perhaps more importantly, with the turnover of crew members, robots could play an important role in maintaining and transferring expertise between outgoing and incoming crews. In this context, the current research builds on our experience in systems for cooperative human-robot interaction, introducing novel interface and interaction modalities that exploit the long-term experience of the robot. We implement a system where the human agent can teach the Nao humanoid new actions by physical demonstration, visual imitation, and spoken command. These actions can then be composed into joint action plans that coordinate the cooperation between agent and human. We also implement algorithms for an Autobiographical Memory (ABM) that provides access to of all of the robots interaction experience. These functions are assembled in a novel interaction paradigm for the capture, maintenance and transfer of knowledge in a five-tiered structure. The five tiers allow the robot to 1) learn simple behaviors, 2) learn shared plans composed from the learned behaviors, 3) execute the learned shared plans efficiently, 4) teach shared plans to new humans, and 5) answer questions from the human to better understand the origin of the shared plan. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of this system and indicate that such humanoid robot systems will provide a potential mechanism for the accumulation and transfer of knowledge, between humans who are not co-present. Applications to space flight operations as a target scenario are discussed.
A Multiagent Modeling Environment for Simulating Work Practice in Organizations
2004
Modeling and simulating organizational processes is often done at such an abstract level that individual work practice-collaboration, communication, 'off-task' behaviors, multi-tasking, interrupted and resumed activities, informal interactions, use of tools and movements-is left out, making the description of how the work in an organization actually gets done impossible. This paper describes the Brahms modeling and simulation environment, developed at NASA Ames Research Center. The Brahms modeling language is geared towards modeling people's activity behavior, making it an ideal environment for simulating organizational processes at a level that allows the analysis of the work practice and designing new work processes at the implementation level.