Migration and livelihood of rural households in Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Rural-Urban Migration and Livelihoods in South Eastern Nigeria
Rural-urban migration remains a livelihood strategy employed by the rural populace in the densely populated southeastern region of Nigeria. This study appraises the impact of rural-urban migration on rural livelihoods in southeastern region of Nigeria. Questionnaire surveys on 225 heads of rural households and focus group discussions in each of the five states in the study area were used to elicit information on rural-urban migration and livelihoods characteristics of the rural populace in the past three years. Descriptive statistics, Livelihood Asset Indices technique and Principal Component Analysis were used in data analysis. The results show spatial variations in the impact of migration on livelihoods across the region. Financial and food indices are the most influential livelihood indices while two underlying components namely; financial security and investments by families of migrants’ in the rural areas to improve their quality of life together explain 78.07% of the cumulativ...
This paper examines the selectivity of migrants, and spatially quantifies the impacts of rural-urban migration on socioeconomic development of rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria. Data for the study were generated using questionnaire and key informant interviews. Fifteen (15) local government areas (LGAs) were randomly selected for this study and each of the LGAs represents a geopolitical zone out of the three geopolitical zones in each state of Nigeria. From each of the LGAs, fifty (50) migrant-sending rural households were randomly selected and used for the study totalling seven hundred and fifty (750) households. Descriptive statistics were used to highlight the pattern of rural-urban migration, and multiple regression analysis used to estimate the impacts of migration on socioeconomic development in the study area. In addition, Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to examine the relationships between the impacts of the migration and various locations in the study area. The results of the analyses show that rural out-migration is selective of males, especially those aged between 20-39 years. Migration also contributes significantly, but in different magnitudes towards socioeconomic development across the states in the study area. The results of this study also categorized the study area into areas of relatively low, moderate and high impacts of rural-urban migration. Based on the findings, recommendations such as meeting the infrastructural needs of the rural communities are made.
Mapping the Livelihood Status of Migrant-Sending Rural Households in Southeastern Nigeria
The purpose of this study is to map the estimated impacts of livelihood asset indices on the livelihood status of rural households in five States of Southeastern Nigeria. In each of the five States, 120 first-order migrant-sending households were used for this study totaling 600 households for the entire study area. Questionnaire survey was used to elicit data on the livelihood status of the sampled households. The study utilized the asset indices analytical techniques to estimate the livelihood status of the households. In addition, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to categorize the States according to the impact of the asset indices on their livelihood status before depicting the categories in maps. The results show that the financial index has the greatest contribution to livelihood status in the study area. Also, Imo State has the highest aggregate livelihood status value of 34.33 while Abia State has the least livelihood status value of 23.99. Based on the findings, it is recommended that agricultural extension services be introduced, and improved upon in the study area. Furthermore, small and medium scale industries should be established in the study area to create jobs for the population.
Given that migration is a basic major component of population dynamics as well as a way for household to maximize its chances for survival in an uncertain environment by diversifying its sources of income, there is the need to investigate on the socioeconomic characteristics of households influencing their decision to migrate. This was the thrust of this study conducted in South Eastern Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling and purposive sampling technique was used in choosing the sample. Primary data collected using structured questionnaire and interview schedules were analyzed by the use of such statistical tools as frequency distribution, percentages, means and probit regression analysis. Result of data analysis revealed that the socioeconomic factors influencing the decision to migrate were age of household head, household income, amount of household land holdings (proxy for household wealth), education and the dependency ratio. There is therefore, the need for policies that will harness the potential benefits of remittances. This is given to the fact that migration and hence, remittances can help reduce risk to lives, livelihoods and ecosystems and enhance overall resilience of households and communities to the adverse effects of environmental change and economic crises.
There has been increasing research interest in rural migration in recent times. Rural migration is the movement of people from one geographical location to another. The rural areas are the banks of the world’s natural resources such as land and forests which house timber forest and non-timber resources. This study was carried out to ascertain the effect of rural-urban migration on household livelihoods and rural environment in Delta State, Nigeria. It assesses a conceptual framework involving rural household livelihoods as an integrative mediating factor between rural-urban labour migration and the rural environment of Delta State, Nigeria. Data were collected through household surveys and key informant interviews from six villages. The results reject the null hypothesis that labour-migrant and non-labourmigrant households do not differ significantly in livelihood activities, including agricultural production, agricultural technology use, income and consumption, and resource use and management. Implications for future environmental outcomes of rural labour emigration and the related natural resource management and policy in rural push areas are discussed.
Nigeria Agricultural Journal, 2018
This study analyzed the effects of rural-urban migration on household food security in Umuahia South Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically the study examined the socio-economic characteristics of the migrants’ household; identified the causes of rural-urban migration in the study area and determined the food security status of the respondents in the study area. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected across 10 villages in the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primarydata. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least square multiple regression model. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that the respondents have a mean age of 49 years and majority of the migrants’ household were educated and married, with male dominated household constituting 79.16 % and mean household size of 5 persons. It also showed that most (81.66%) of the respondents were engaged in farming occupation with mean i...
The Effects of Rural-Urban Migration on Rural Communities of Southeastern Nigeria
This paper examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria. Data were obtained using mixed methods approach comprising questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews. Six rural local government areas (LGAs) were selected based on population size and spatial equity from two states of Southeastern Nigeria. From each of the rural LGAs, fifty migrant-sending households were sampled for the study. Multiple regression and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to estimate and categorize the effects of rural-urban migration due to remittances and community projects executed by the rural-urban migrants, respectively. In addition, the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized in prioritizing areas for development interventions in the rural communities. The regression analysis shows that rural-urban migration contributes significantly towards the development of their rural communities through monetary remittances and the involvement of the rural-urban migrants in community development projects. Based on the findings, recommendations such as initiation of development projects based on the identified needs of each of the rural communities to augment the effects of migration in the study area are made.
Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2019
This study investigated the effect of rural-urban migration on food security of rural households in Kwande local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Using multistage sampling technique and a semi-structured questionnaire as instrument, data for the study was collected from a sample of three hundred and eighty four (389) rural dwellers in the state. The study revealed the major causes and determined the effect of rural-urban migration of the food security of Kwande local government area and suggested measures to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration. Given that the F- statistics of 98.094 is significant at 1% level of significance, it implies that the computed F- value was higher than the F-tabulated value of (1.94) at 5% level of significance and (2.51) at 1% level of significance. Therefore, and the alternative hypothesis which states that factors such as search for job, quest for skill acquisition, search foe better education, quest for marriage, insecurity, social ameniti...
Effect of Youth Migration and Remittances on RURAL Households’ Livelihoods in South-Eastern Nigeria
2021
Using Endogenous treatment effect model and wealth index score, this study evaluate the effect of migration and remittances on crop productivity and welfare among a sample of 714 households from South Eastern Nigeria. The results show that household size, sex of household head and availability of electricity and household toilet type were key factors influencing migration among youths, while employment status, household size, and age of migrant were the major factors that influenced youths sending remittances to the originating households in the study area. The average treatment effect of migration on household welfare and remittances on crop productivity was significant at 10%. The wealth index scores-0.238,-0.271 and-0.63 for the pooled data, Anambra and Imo states, respectively implies that non-migrant households were better off in improve household welfare, particularly in the pooled data and Imo state. The average treatment effect of remittances on crop productivity was 0.08 tons of cassava in the pooled data, but not significant when the states were considered separately. Therefore, youths should be encouraged to embrace agriculture as a source of livelihood in the rural areas to discourage them from migrating to urban areas.
This study investigated the causes and consequences of rural-urban migration in Nigeria from the period 1999-2008, using Ijebu Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria, as a case study. The study attempted finding answers to research questions by using survey design and purposive sampling techniques to collect data from 144 respondents with the aid of a 10-item structured questionnaire and personal interview. The respondents comprised of heads of households of migrants' in the study area. Data for this study were edited, coded and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that majority of the migrants migrated to continue their education rather than in search of employment as concluded by a lot of past studies. It also revealed that the consequences of out-migration on the area include: absence of youths to assist parents in their profession, lack of work force to work on farms, and desertion of the area to the aged and children. The paper recommended concerted government policy aimed at closing the lacuna between wage and other socio-economic differentials between the rural and urban areas, government's support in the development and funding of small and medium scale rural enterprises, and agriculture.