Evaluation of Natural and Synthetic Repellents Against the Adult Vector Mosquitoes of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (original) (raw)
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Journal of Research in Biology, 2014
Synthetic insecticides employed for the control of insect pests are toxic to man and livestock acting as pollutants to the environment, killing all beneficial insects thereby causing a disturbance to the ecosystem. The use of natural products such as plant essential oils has assumed significance as an important component of insect pest management because of their financial viability and eco-friendly nature. They hold promise as alternatives to chemical insecticides to reduce pesticide load in the environment. A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of three essential oils -eucalyptus oil, lemon grass oil and thyme oil for the repellent activity against the filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. Among the essential oils, Lemon grass oil showed good repellency property when compared to the other two plant oils. Hence, the results of the investigation would indicate a significant potential for lemon grass oil as a possible source of natural products that could be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticides.
Mosquitoes are the most important single group of insects in terms of public health. They transmit a number of diseases, such as Malaria, Dengue fever, Filariasis, Chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, etc. causing millions of deaths every year. The application of easily degradable plant compounds is considered to be one of the safest methods to control insect pests and vectors as an alternative source to synthetic pesticides. The present study was carried out to monitor the effects of plant oil on the fourth instar of larvae mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus.
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2023
Being vector of West Nile Virus and falariasis the control of Culex quinquefasciatus is likely to be essential. Synthetic insecticide treatment is looking most effective for vectors mosquito control. However, these products are toxic to the environment and non-target organisms. Consequently, ecofriendly control of vectors mosquito is needed. In this regard botanical insecticide is looking more fruitful. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of methanolic extract and various fractions, including, n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, chloroform, and aqueous fraction, obtained from methanolic extract of Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia scoparia, and Justicia adhatoda using separating funnel against larval, pupal, and adult stages of Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to various concentrations (31.25-1000 ppm) of methanolic extract and its fractions for 24 hours of exposure period. For knock-down bioassay (filter paper ...
Technical Approach to Prepare Mosquito Repellents Using Different Natural Plants Extracts
2018
Background: WHO has declared that the mosquito as 'public enemy number one'. The traditional Hindu system of medicine that is 'Ayurveda' stresses the use of plant-based medicines, treatments and preventions. Objectives: The present study is a based on some plant extracts, which can be used for preparation of mosquito repellents. There are many hazardous effects of synthetic repellents are seen on our health. This work is particularly focused to create such repellents which contain only natural substances and have no hazardous side effects on the human health. Methods: The leaf extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Rui (Calotropis gigantea), Durva grass (Cynodon dactylon), Ashoka (Saraca asoca) and additional to this Cow urine & cow dung, Neem oil, distilled water, wax and Whatmann filter paper-1 were used. By using these all, dhoop stick, extract cards etc. were prepared and their antimosquito activity and antibacterial activities are also studied. Results: The natural repellents prepared by using given methodology have satisfactory anti mosquito as well as antimicrobial potential. Conclusion: The study revealed that these mosquito repellents have no side effect on human health. Beside this, these repellents are very cheap and can be easily prepared by common man.
Parasitology Research, 2011
Several diseases are associated to the mosquitohuman interaction. Mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, West Nile virus, and yellow fever. These diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. The adulticidal and repellent activities of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extracts of leaf of Eclipta alba and Andrographis paniculata were assayed for their toxicity against two important vector mosquitoes, viz., Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). The adult mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate adulticide effects; however, the highest adult mortality was found in methanol extract of A. paniculata against the adults of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti with the LC 50 and LC 90 values were 149.81, 172.37 ppm and 288.12, 321.01 ppm, respectively. The results of the repellent activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extract of E. alba and A. paniculata plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/cm 2 were applied on skin of forearm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these two plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. These results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito adulticidal and repellent activities of the reported E. alba and A. paniculata plants.
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2023
In this study, the mosquito larvicidal activity of 33 plant’s aqueous extracts of 14 different plants were studied against the 4th instar larva of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. Different concentration of these plant aqueous extracts for different time duration was assessed on C. quinquefasciatus but the larvae showed negligible effects. These observation suggest that a very negligible better to say no larvicidal activity seen by these plant’s aqueous extract against Culex quinquefasciatus. Keywords: Mosquito larvicidal effect, Culex quinquefasciatus, Plant’s aqueous extract, 4th instar mosquito, Mosquito Larva
Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences ), 2015
Current research is conducted to test the efficacy of essential oils extracted from some common plants that are mainly used in kitchen as a larvicidal and pupicidal agent against Culex mosquitoes. Oil extraction was done from parts (leaves, branches and rhizome) with Soxhlet's apparatus using petroleum ether as a solvent. The knockdown effect was checked after 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours with different concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) along with a control treatment. The data was analysed by Probit analysis to calculate LC 50 & LT 50. The results showed that the early larval instars (1 st & 2 nd) were more susceptible than later ones (pupae). Ginger oil was more potent after 12 and 24 h against all life stages (2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th instar larvae & pupae) due to lowest LC 50 values (171 & 136 ppm, 183 & 174 ppm, 246 & 199 ppm and 273 & 217 ppm for 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th instar larvae & pupae respectively) followed by peppermint, basil, garlic and neem. However, basil oil released its components after 24 and 48 h and became effective more than others. So, we can use these oils in combination for the better management of mosquitoes.
2016
Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of diseases, such as malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, chikungunya, Zika virus disease, etc. causing millions of deaths every year. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has disrupted the environment. This has necessitated the search for alternative approach for mosquito control programme using natural products of plant origin especially plant oils. Therefore in the present study, the bioactivity of plant oils viz., aniseed, camphor, citronella, eucalyptus, geranium, lavender, lemon, rosemary, vetiver and wintergreen were tested at concentrations of 125, 250, 500 and 1000mg/L against the third instar larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus in the laboratory. Results revealed varying degree of toxicity by plant oils on the larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Among the plant oils tested, eucalyptus showed the highest activity whose LC50 value was 186.77 and 206.08mg/L against the larvae ...
Effective mosquito repellent from plant based formulation
International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2018
All over the developing countries in the tropical region mosquito menace has been very acute leading to many diseases. Many chemicals have been used for the purpose of Mosquito repellency or killing, however they are extremely harmful for human beings as well. Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing popularity among consumers, as these are commonly perceived as “safe” in comparison to long-established synthetic repellents. Our paper describes Plant-based repellents for mosquitoes for personal protection measures. Based on the knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies, development of new natural products is the need of the hour. The product developed that offers high repellency as well as good consumer safety. Thus this plant-based repellent made from 5 plant leaves has promising results in the field study.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
A plant oil formulation (POF) consisting of calamus, cinnamon, citronella, clove, eucalyptus, lemon, menthe, orange oils and natural Camphor 10% was evaluated for its repellent potential against Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say at 250 and 15.25 ppm. At 250 ppm concentrations the POF provided 100% protection from bites of Anopheles stephensi up to a mean time of 6 hours and 30 minutes while for C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti, it was 5 h 30 min. At 15.62 ppm it also exhibited more than 74% mean protection against C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti while it was 62.88% effective against A. stephensi. Ethanol which was used for suspension was kept as negative control and DEET (25 mg) served as positive control. The study concludes that this formulation could be used to repel these insects.