In vivo and in vitro protective role of proline (original) (raw)
Related papers
Proline Accumulation and its Defensive Role Under Diverse Stress Condition in Plants: An Overview
Adverse environmental conditions impose stress in the plant, like heat, cold, salinity, heavy metal, nutrient, droughtstress; play a very prominent role to limit the plant growth and development. During the exposure of these wide ranges of stresses, plant itself changing or developing at morphological, biochemical or molecular level. During the morphological changes, plant not only reduceduration of life but also reducing plant body skeletons like shortening of plant height, while the adjustment of ion transport, carbon metabolism and synthesis of osmoregulatory compound or compatible moleculeslike proline, glycinebetaine, sorbitol takes place at molecular level.Different kinds of compatible solutes enable to the plant to tolerate abiotic stress. Proline is one the most effective compatible molecule that produces in the wide range of organism including plant under the adverse conditions. A transcriptional characteristic known as up and down regulation of gene expression may be observed during osmotic stress. These changes may be facilitating directly by various stress condition. The up regulation in the plants result,proline accumulation under osmotic stress while down regulation result deterioration process.
Plant Performance and Defensive Role of Proline Under Environmental Stress
2021
The metabolic pathway for l-proline was described by Elijah Adams and Harold Strecker in the mid-1950s (Phang et al. 2001). Concentration of proline in different cell types is regulated by the biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport of proline among different cellular compartments (Szabados and Savouré 2010). Plants are capable of rapid synthesis as well as quick degradation of proline as and when P. S. Mundada et al.
Contribution of Exogenous Proline to Abiotic Stresses Tolerance in Plants: A Review
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Abiotic stresses are the major environmental factors that play a significant role in decreasing plant yield and production potential by influencing physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Abiotic stresses and global population growth have prompted scientists to use beneficial strategies to ensure food security. The use of organic compounds to improve tolerance to abiotic stresses has been considered for many years. For example, the application of potential external osmotic protective compounds such as proline is one of the approaches to counteract the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plants. Proline level increases in plants in response to environmental stress. Proline accumulation is not just a signal of tension. Rather, according to research discussed in this article, this biomolecule improves plant resistance to abiotic stress by rising photosynthesis, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity, regulating osmolyte concentration, and sodium and potassium ...
Multiple roles of proline in plant stress tolerance and development
RENDICONTI LINCEI, 2008
The recent progresses in the research on proline will be described, focusing on plants and covering proline metabolism and signal transduction as well as the role of this imino acid in stress response. Furthermore, the recently described developmental role of proline in flowering and reproduction will be illustrated and discussed.
Role of proline in plant stress tolerance : A mini review
2019
Abiotic stresses assess the main impendences or barriers to the improvement of agriculture. Subsequently, the efforts to improve stress-tolerant plants are of major importance in increasing crop productivity. In recent years, plant tissue culture techniques established in vitro have appeared as cost-effective tools and a practical method for the development of stress tolerance in plants. The relatively powerful tolerance of plant cultivar to salinity was also related to the capability of plants to accumulate increased levels of proline. The adjustment of the accumulation of proline was estimated in sodium-chloride-adapted versions of a salt-sensitive and a salt-tolerant plant, respectively, following sodium chloride shock, and defined a biotechnology technique for the enhancement of salt tolerance in crops.
Curr. Sci, 2005
Dramatic accumulation of proline due to increased synthesis and decreased degradation under a variety of stress conditions such as salt, drought and metal has been documented in many plants. Similarly, a decrease in the level of accumulated proline in the rehydrated plants is due to both down regulation of proline biosynthetic pathway enzymes and upregulation of proline degrading enzymes. But, the role of proline during plant development and the molecular basis of the effect of proline accumulation during stress and upon relief of stress are still largely obscure. Here, we summarize the genes governing the proline biosynthetic pathway, its degradation and regulation. Sequentially, we provide an account on transgenics raised so far to engineer the overproduction of osmolyte proline. Also, the identification of specific cellular pathways involved in proline biosynthesis and metabolic changes occurring in transgenic plants developed for proline enhancements are discussed. Further, emphasis is also made on an untouched area of signal transduction of proline biosynthetic pathway.
Proline accumulation in plants: a review
Amino Acids, 2008
Proline (Pro) accumulation is a common physiological response in many plants in response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Controversy has surrounded the possible role(s) of proline accumulation. In this review, knowledge on the regulation of Pro metabolism during development and stress, results of genetic manipulation of Pro metabolism and current debate on Pro toxicity in plants are presented.
Osmolytes: Proline metabolism in plants as sensors of abiotic stress
Journal of Applied and Natural Science
Proline accumulation occurs in a large range of plant species in retaliation to the numerous abiotic stresses. An exclusive research pattern suggests there is a pragmatic relation between proline accumulation and plant stress tolerance. In this review, we will discuss the metabolism of proline accumulation and its role in stress tolerance in plants. Pertaining to the literature cited clearly indicates that not only does it acts as an osmolyte, it also plays important roles during stress as a metal chelator and an antioxidative defence molecule. Moreover, when applied exogenously at low concentrations, proline enhanced stress tolerance in plants. However, some reports point out adverse effects of proline when applied at higher doses. Role of proline gene in seed germination, flowering and other developmental programmes; thus creation of transgene overexpressing this gene would provide better and robust plants. In this context this review gives a detailed account of different proline ...
Heliyon
Background: In response to various environmental stresses, many plant species synthesize L-proline in the cytosol and accumulates in the chloroplasts. L-Proline accumulation in plants is a well-recognized physiological reaction to osmotic stress prompted by salinity, drought and other abiotic stresses. L-Proline plays several protective functions such as osmoprotectant, stabilizing cellular structures, enzymes, and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and keeps up redox balance in adverse situations. In addition, ample-studied osmoprotective capacity, Lproline has been also ensnared in the regulation of plant improvement, including flowering, pollen, embryo, and leaf enlargement. Scope and conclusions: Albeit, ample is now well-known about L-proline metabolism, but certain characteristics of its biological roles are still indistinct. In the present review, we discuss the L-proline accumulation, metabolism, signaling, transport and regulation in the plants. We also discuss the effects of exogenous L-proline during different environmental conditions. L-Proline biosynthesis and catabolism are controlled by several cellular mechanisms, of which we identify only very fewer mechanisms. So, in the future, there is a requirement to identify such types of cellular mechanisms.