The Historical Evolutions of the Persian Language Phonemes Dialects, Vocabulary and Etymology (original) (raw)
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The interaction of achievement verbs and grammatical aspect in Persian
Alzahra University, 2021
Aspect refers to "different ways of viewing the internal temporal constituency of a situation" (Comrie, 1976, p.3) and consists of lexical and grammatical types. Grammatical aspect is represented by inflection or some auxiliary verbs while lexical aspect is denoted by the inherent meaning of the verbs (Rezai, 2012). The aspectual classification of Vedler (1957), has been one of the most influential theories in lexical aspect studies (Tenny, 1987, p.29; Peck et al., 2013, p. 664; Kanijo, 2019, p.73). Vendler (1957) has classified verbs into four classes named states, activities, achievements, and accomplishments based on their stativity, duration, and telicity. Achievements describe the change of state that occurs instantaneously and creates a new situation (Pavey, 2010, p.97), they have inherent endpoint and are usually regarded as not being used progressively. Two sub-classes of achievements are "culminations" and "happenings". Culminations need some time to occur, for example, to "reach a summit", we have to walk a distance. Happenings lack this preparatory phase and occur instantly, for example, "explode" occurs in a very short time. In previous studies, Persian verbs have been classified to two classes, "achievement" verbs that occur in a short time and have endpoint and "durative" verbs that entails some time to occur (Jahan Panah Tehrani, 1984). Vahidiyan Kamyar (1992) added the third class, named "achievement-durative" verbs that occur in a short time but don't end and extend through time. Abolhassani (2011) has also classified achievements to three sub-classes. Other studies have mostly investigated lexical or grammatical aspect in Persian or in a specific dialect
Alzahra University, 2023
Semiotic-semantic discourse analysis, as a suitable model for religious text analysis, particularly Nahj al-Balagha, utilizes the tensive semiotics model introduced by Jacques Fontanille and Claude Zilberberg. This model delves into the intricate interplay between intensive (emotional, internal) and expansive (cognitive, external) valencies, offering valuable insights into the dynamic structure of the text, emphasizing the tensive-active and sensory-perceptive relationships. This article explores how meaning is intricately woven in the enunciation, bridging the gap between quantitative and qualitative dimensions, thus shedding light on the production of meaning in the discourse processes within the Imam's letters to Mu’awiyah. The study transcends a mere analysis of the fixed letter structure, focusing on the fluid and adaptable nature of the letters' production process and the interactive dimension between the agent and the actor in the enunciation space.
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This study seeks to examine literature written by Kurdish writers in the diaspora, particularly the genre of the novel. The study attempts to reveal the influence of foreign culture on Kurdish novelists in the diaspora and the extent to which this is reflected in their novels. One of the most serious consequences of this influence is the loss of self. To conduct the study, psychological perspectives have been employed, in particular Alfred Adler’s insights into the loss of self.Two novels from diaspora literature have been chosen for the study; Xeca Berlînî(Khaje from Berlin) by Hessen Ibrahim and Pêlên Bêrîkirnê (Waves of Longing) by Mustafa Aydogan. The study demonstrates that the main characters in both novels experience culturalshock in the diaspora, which in turn leads to their suffering from psychological problems, most notably the loss of self. KEYWORDs: Novel, diaspora, Foreign Culture, Adler and the loss of self.
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