Type 1 Diabetes versus Type 2 Diabetes with Onset in Persons Younger than 20 Years of Age (original) (raw)
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Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism
This review describes the epidemiology of childhood diabetes in India. It focuses on the incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes and its complications and comorbid conditions. The review also covers data related to type 2 diabetes, glucose intolerance, and monogenic diabetes from India. A brief discussion regarding unique contributions from India to the world literature is included. The topics discussed include use of camel milk as adjuvant therapy in type 1 diabetes, relevance of the A1/A2 hypothesis, and comprehensive clinico-etiopathological classification of type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus in Asian Indian Children and Adolescents
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2007
Aim: To study the clinical and metabolic profile of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in a South Asian population. Research design and Methods: Sixty children were recruited. They were divided into three groups: Group I-type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), Group II-type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), and Group III-healthy controls. The clinical history and biochemical parameters (HbAic, serum insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol) were recorded. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAIR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Results and Conclusions: Children and adolescents with DM2 had a significant family history of DM and clinical features of insulin resistance, including increased body mass index, waist:hip ratio and acanthosis nigricans. They also had decreased insulin sensitivity together with dyslipidemia of metabolic syndrome, i.e. high triglyceride, high total cholesterol and low HDLcholesterol. The presence of these predictors of cardiovascular disorders is known to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Hence, DM2 needs to be recognized early in Asian Indian children.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2023
with a paediatrician as most of the patients will attend paediatric Outpatient Department (OPD). Various similar studies have been carried out internationally and in India [1,3,7,9,10]. In India, most of these studies are carried out in South India, where parents are well-educated [1,2,11]. No study is published on T1DM in children in this region of central India. Hence, present study was carried out to study the clinical profile of children with T1DM in children, aged less than 18 years, so that the information generated can be used to maintain a hospital-based registry for T1DM and to educate the parents as well as ourselves.
Cureus
Introduction Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Knowing its prevalence, associated clinical features, and complications is essential for diagnosing children having diabetes-like clinical features. Since there is a limited study from India and no similar study from this geographical part, the present study was carried out. Material and method It is a cross-sectional study, which includes children aged 1-18 years presented to the pediatric outpatient department (OPD), inpatient department (IPD), and emergency with clinical features of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The enrolled cases were assessed for confirmation of T1DM, and clinical features and associated complications were recorded in the case record form. Result A total of 218 children with clinical features of T1DM were enrolled, out of which 32 (14.7%) had T1DM. Among the 32 T1DM patients, 31 (96.9%) of the participants presented with polyuria, 29 (90.6%) had polydipsia, and 13 (40.6%) had polyphagia. Out of 32 children, 3 (9.38%) had diabetic neuropathy, and 1 (3.1%) had diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion We found that many children with diabetes have clinical features of T1DM and uncontrolled blood sugar. This emphasizes the need for early detection and treatment to prevent long-term complications.
Journal of postgraduate medicine
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in youth is emerging as a serious clinical entity and its incidence has increased over the years. To analyse the causes of DM in the age group of <40 years of age. Tertiary care centre; retrospective analysis of data from January 1990 to December 1999. SUBJECTS AND MATERIAL: Analysis of data of all the subjects of DM in whom disease started before the 40th birthday. 724 subjects were detected to have diabetes mellitus before their 40th birthday. Of these, 205 had Type 1, 174 had Type 2 and 48 had fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes. Males outnumbered in Type 1 and fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes while as females in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronic complications were more common in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is becoming an important cause of diabetes in subjects with onset of disease at younger age.
Clinico-etiological profile of Diabetes Mellitus among Indian young adults
Background & objectives: There has been an ascent in the rate of diabetes mellitus in the more youthful populace of India. There are restricted information accessible on the immunological profile of youth beginning diabetes mellitus (DM) particularly in type 2. Hence, this review was attempted to assess the clinical and immunological profile of youth beginning DM in east India. Methods: Fifty-one sequential patients of 8-35 year old enough with diabetes mellitus Center at patna Hospital, India, were remembered for the review. All subjects were tried for glutamic corrosive decarboxylase (GAD), an islet cell antigen ICA512/IA2, and insulin antibodies. Stray and ICA512/IA2 were finished by ELISA and insulin autoantibodies were tried by radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. These patients were likewise evaluated for hepatitis A to E, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr infection (EBV) as trigger components for the beginning of type 1 DM. Results: Of the complete 51 patients, 38 were men and 13 were ladies. The mean age and BMI of the subjects were 19.7 (±7) a long time and 21 (± 5) kg/m2, individually. Twenty patients were underneath the age of 18 yr and their stature was more than the 75th percentile of Indian principles. All patients were suggestive and 12 of these gave ketoacidosis. Just 48% (n=24) were positive for GAD, 14% (n=7) for ICA512/IA-2, and 28% (n=14) were positive for insulin immune response. Five of these patients had proof of hepatitis E infection disease. None of the subjects had proof of dynamic CMV or EBV disease. Conclusions: About a portion of the young beginning diabetes mellitus patients from north India had the presence of pancreatic autoimmunity as GAD, ICA512/IA2, and insulin antibodies or a blend of antibodies reminiscent of having type 1 DM. Further examinations should be done on an enormous example size in various pieces of the country.
High Frequency of Type 1B (Idiopathic) Diabetes in North Indian Children With Recent-Onset Diabetes
Diabetes Care, 2003
A lthough eating disorders are common in late adolescent diabetic patients, the occurrence in younger populations, particularly male diabetic patients, is not well documented (1,2). The prevalence was studied in 60 boys and 38 girls (13.78 Ϯ 1.05 years of age, range 12-16) with diabetes duration 1.5 Ϯ 3.35 years and in 321 boys and 254 girls as nondiabetic peers (13.73 Ϯ 0.63 years of age, 12-16).
Diabetic Medicine, 2006
Aims In this study we describe the clinical, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of patients with early onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (< 30 years of age) and compare them with healthy, non-diabetic individuals. Methods In this multisite collaborative study, 51 patients with T2DM (40 male, 11 female) and 69 non-diabetic individuals of similar age and gender distribution (controls) as the cases (46 male and 23 female) were investigated. The following parameters were measured; anthropometry [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and skin-fold thickness at four sites], percentage body fat (%BF) and lipid profile. Results The mean (SD) age of diagnosis of T2DM was 21.4 (6.1) years. A significantly higher number of cases had a history of T2DM in first-degree relatives as compared with controls (82.3 vs. 23.2%, P < 0.001). The mean values and the prevalence of abnormal values of measures of generalized obesity (BMI and %BF) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference and WHR) were significantly higher in cases as compared with controls. Hypertriglyceridaemia [OR (95% CI): 4.6 (1.1-20.0)], high WHR [7.9 (2.5-24.4)] and family history of T2DM [7.3 (2.3-23.0)] were independently associated with T2DM. Age and gender adjusted odds ratios of T2DM were 23.3 (5.2-103.6), 37.7 (9.0-158.5) and 86.4 (17.0-438.5), respectively, with the following set of risk factors; hypertriglyceridaemia and high WHR, hypertriglyceridaemia and family history of T2DM, and high WHR and family history of T2DM. Finally, the presence of all three risk factors increased the odds of T2DM to 112.1 (10.8-1164.7). Conclusions Early identification of the simple clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters which are strongly associated with early onset T2DM in young Asian Indians may be useful for primary prevention.
Study characteristics of juvenile diabetes mellitus cases in bangladesh
Journal of family & reproductive health, 2014
To identify the proportion and some selected characteristics of juvenile diabetics attending BIRDEM hospital. This was a cross sectional study. The study was conducted in the BIRDEM hospital. All Diabetic young aged up to 18 years who visit BIRDEM hospital were included in study population. The sample size was 240. It was observed that among the respondents 43.3% were protein deficient pancreatic diabetes (PDPD), 30.8% were Type-1 diabetes, 20% were fibro-calculus pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) and remaining 5.8% were Type-2 diabetes. Family history of diabetes was found among one-fifth of the respondents. It was found that majority 86.4% of Type-1 diabetes were presented in early age < 10 years in contrast to Type-2 diabetes 4.5%, PDPD 9.1% and FCPD 0.0%. It was found that 50% of type-1 diabetes patient and 17.6% of Type-2 diabetes patient were from urban area and 24.5% of FCDP patient and 52.8% of PDPD patient were from rural areas. It was observed that Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes w...