Valorization of Delonix regia Pods for Bioethanol Production (original) (raw)
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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016
The importance of lignocellulosic biomass as important bioresources that can be utilized in many forms has increased in the last few decades. Cassava peels, a lignocellulosic biomass discarded during cassava processing, are commonly found in the tropics and several other countries around the world due to the popularity of cassava as an important calorie source. Interestingly however, a lot of energy deprived, oil dependent countries are also amongst the highest producer of this biomass. Hence, this review explores the suitability of cassava peels as a lignocellulosic biomass substrate for the production of bioethanol. Special consideration to the properties of the biomass drive the conceptualized plant design while conditions for optimal production and salient economic considerations are discussed. A cellulosic biorefinery of this type is expected to help in harnessing the presently improperly managed agricultural processing byproduct with a view to reducing dependence on fossil fuels, which are totally non-renewable and have damaging effects on the environment especially in developing countries.
Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2020
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Energy and Environmental Performance of Bioethanol from Different Lignocelluloses
International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2010
Climate change and the wish to reduce the dependence on oil are the incentives for the development of alternative energy sources. The use of lignocellulosic biomass together with cellulosic processing technology provides opportunities to produce fuel ethanol with less competition with food and nature. Many studies on energy analysis and life cycle assessment of second-generation bioethanol have been conducted. However, due to the different methodology used and different system boundary definition, it is difficult to compare their results. To permit a direct comparison of fuel ethanol from different lignocelluloses in terms of energy use and environmental impact, seven studies conducted in our group were summarized in this paper, where the same technologies were used to convert biomass to ethanol, the same system boundaries were defined, and the same allocation procedures were followed. A complete set of environmental impacts ranging from global warming potential to toxicity aspects ...
Physical-chemical Characterization of Lignocellulosic Materials of Interest to Bioethanol Production
The knowledge of the chemical composition of biomass feedstocks is very important in order to decide what lignocellulosic material to be used in the industrial process and the associated pretreatment to bioethanol production. In this context, the present work applied an analytical methodology of chemical characterization, developed for sugarcane bagasse, to other biomasses, namely, sugarcane straw, bamboo, bean stalk, residue from the extraction of castor oil, sape grass, wheat straw, African palm rachis, elephant grass and Agave tequilana. Chemical composition (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) of the raw materials was determined by the acid hydrolysis (H2SO4 72%) of theses extractives-free materials. Carbohydrates, organic acids and degradation products were determined by HPLC. Lignin and phenolics were analyzed by gravimetry and spectroscopy procedures, respectively. Results showed that, among the materials studied, the sugarcane bagasse had the higher amount of cellulose (43.8%) and the sugarcane straw had the higher amount of hemicellulose (32.4%) justifying the interest of apply these biomasses as raw materials for the production of cellulosic ethanol. Other biomasses presented cellulose composition varying between 31.8 and 41.7 %, hemicellulose between 21.2 and 28.6 %, and lignin from 20.6 to 33.6 %. Extractives showed more abundant in sape grass (18.7 %) and were removed before the composition analysis to avoid interferences in lignin quantification.
Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Waste-A Review
Petroleum and other fossil fuel has been the main energy source for a long period of time in human life. Through these energy sources, the world has been a developing and industrializing entity. However, it is agreed that these traditional sources of energy cannot remain forever as they are non-renewable. Many experts predicted that oil production will keep on decreasing, as the present oil wells keep on decreasing and fewer oil reserves are discovered. This led to increasing price of the minerals and eventually makes them economically unsustainable. As such, renewable source of energy has to be sourced. Bioethanol; a renewable energy source is being produced from food materials such as sugar cane, maize etc. However, if these are to be used for energy production, the world will be entering into another crisis as they will be competed for food and energy. Lignocellulosic wastes such as Rice straw, Wheat straw, Corn straw and Bagasse contain same sugar molecules for bioethanol production as such can be used to generate renewable energy using appropriate physical, chemical and biological techniques. This paper aims at exploring the process of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic wastes.
Bio-based Products from Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass: A State of the Art
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly
This review presents data on the chemical composition of harvest residues and food industry by-products as widely abundant representatives of lignocellulosic waste biomass. Pretreatment methods, with special emphasis on biological methods, are presented as an important step in utilization of lignocellulosic waste biomass for the production of sustainable biofuels and high-value chemicals. Special attention was paid to the methods of lignin isolation and its possible utilization within lignocellulosic biorefinery. The objectives of circular bioeconomy and the main aspects of lignocellulosic biorefinery are highlighted. Finally, current data on industrial, pilot, and research and development plants used in Europe for the production of a variety of bio-based products from different feedstocks are presented.
2018
As a number of population increases demand for energy increases, while fossil fuel supplies are depleting and oil prices are rising. Reliance on fossil fuel energy has also resulted in pollution of the atmosphere and accelerated global warming. This speeds up the development of renewable fuels like bioethanol. Bioethanol is a vital energy source that contributes to sustainable economic, agricultural and rural development and environmental protection. Most of the developing countries are suffering from what many call the energy crisis, which is characterized by depletion of locally available energy resources and dependence on imported fuel. In the 20th century, the world economy has been dominated by technologies that depend on fossil energy, such as petroleum, coal, or natural gas to produce fuels, chemicals, materials and power [1]. The continued use of fossil fuels to meet the majority of the world’s energy demand is threatened by increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere ...
Bioresource Technology Reports, 2018
Bioethanol from lignocellulosic feedstock rises as a promising alternative to replace liquid fossil fuels in the energy market for the next years. However, the variety of available biomass combined with the necessity of possible pretreatments and their particular features make it difficult to clearly identify the favorable process routes. In this study a systematic approach consisting of seven steps was proposed to obtain possible and feasible alternatives for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. The method was exemplified with the aid of a general case study, from the biomass selection to possible by-products generation. The case study resulted in a corn stover based process to produce bioethanol through ammonia fiber explosion pretreatment. Following the systematic approach different alternatives were proposed to finally obtain the optimal flowsheet with a minimum ethanol selling price of 0.43$/kg of ethanol, 35.4% lower than the initial process.
BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM RESIDUAL LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS: A REVIEW – PART 1
Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati
Lignocellulosic material (LCM) can be employed as feedstock for biorefineries, a concept related to industries designed to process biomass for producing chemicals, fuels and/or electrical power. According to this philosophy, LCM can be fractionated and the resulting fractions employed for specific applications. Bioethanol production from cellulosic fraction of LCM involves: hydrolysis of polysaccharides and fermentation of the monomers into bioethanol. Enzymatic hydrolysis is catalyzed by cellulolytic enzymes and fermentation is carried out by bacteria, yeasts or fungi. The main objective of this article is to review different process integration technologies for bioethanol production from LCM. This paper include: separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) methods. Furthermore, the fermentation process and a comparative data of cellulases, hemicellulases and ethanol producing-microorganisms were presented.
Bioethanol production from residual lignocellulosic materials: A review-Part 2
Lignocellulosic material (LCM) can be employed as feedstock for biorefineries, a concept related to industries designed to process biomass for producing chemicals, fuels and/or electrical power. According to this philosophy, LCM can be fractionated and the resulting fractions employed for specific applications. Bioethanol production from cellulosic fraction of LCM involves: hydrolysis of polysaccharides and fermentation of the monomers into bioethanol. Enzymatic hydrolysis is catalyzed by cellulolytic enzymes and fermentation is carried out by bacteria, yeasts or fungi. The main objective of this article is to review different process integration technologies for bioethanol production from LCM. This paper include: separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) methods. Furthermore, the fermentation process and a comparative data of cellulases, hemicellulases and ethanol producing-microorganisms were presented.