Characterization and Recycling of Organic Waste after Co-Composting - A Review (original) (raw)
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Co-composting of coir pith and cow manure: initial C/N ratio vs physico-chemical changes
Background: As objective of this study was focused on efficacy of composting of a recalcitrant organic waste material, co-composting of coir pith with cow manure and rice bran was endeavored to evaluate influence of initial C/N ratios, i.e., 30, 25, and 20, on physico-chemical changes, e.g., temperature, pH, organic matter (OM) degradation, and total nitrogen (TN) losses. Results: Results showed that OM and TN losses were significantly affected by C/N ratio (p < 0.05), whereas C/N ratio played insignificant role on temperature and pH evolution within the pile (p > 0.05) during composting process. OM and TN losses were highest within the first 2 weeks of thermophilic phase. Through the composting process, pile with 25 C/N ratio showed the highest biodegradation rate constant of organic matter (k = 0.309 day −1) and the highest TN losses (41.9%), while pile with C/N ratio of 30 showed the lowest N loss (−7.3%). However, for all three compost piles, maturity, as indicated by the pile temperature converging to the ambient temperature, was attained within 1 month post-composting.
Agronomy
Composting has become a preferable option to treat organic wastes to obtain a final stable sanitized product that can be used as an organic amendment. From home composting to big municipal waste treatment plants, composting is one of the few technologies that can be practically implemented at any scale. This review explores some of the essential issues in the field of composting/compost research: on one hand, the main parameters related to composting performance are compiled, with especial emphasis on the maturity and stability of compost; on the other hand, the main rules of applying compost on crops and other applications are explored in detail, including all the effects that compost can have on agricultural land. Especial attention is paid to aspects such as the improvement of the fertility of soils once compost is applied, the suppressor effect of compost and some negative experiences of massive compost application.
Fate of Compost Nutrients as Affected by Co-Composting of Chicken and Swine Manures
International Agrophysics, 2014
Passive aeration co-composting using four mixtures of chicken manure and swine manure at 1:0, 1:1, 3:7 and 0:1 with sawdust and rice husk was carried out to study the effects of co-composting on the physicochemical properties of the organic materials. The experiment, which lasted 66 days, was carried out in bins equipped with inverted T aeration pipes. The results showed that nutrient losses decreased as the proportion of chicken manure in the mixtures decreased for saw dust and rice husk treatments. This indicates better nutrientst conservation during composting in swine than chicken manure. Manure mixtures with rice husk had higher pile temperatures (> 55°C), total carbon and total nitrogen losses, while manure mixtures with saw dust had higher total phosphorus loss and carbon to nitrogen ratio. Composts with rice husk demonstrated the ability to reach maturity faster by the rate of drop of the carbon to nitrogen ratio.
Co-composting of Municipal Solid Waste with Sawdust: Improving Compost Quality
CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 2012
The aim of present study was to improve compost quality as well as to achieve an optimum C/N ratio in compost, reduction in heavy metal content and increased waterholding capacity of composting piles in arid areas. Four windrow compost piles were prepared by mixing sawdust at various dosages with municipal solid waste (MSW). The sawdust was mixed with MSW at 0% (MSW0), 16% (MSW16), 32% (MSW32), and 70% (MSW70) on dry weight basis. The compost piles were monitored daily by recording the temperature, while, weekly measurement was done on C/N ratio, moisture, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The addition of 16% sawdust increased the initial C/N to the optimum level and decreased N loss during the composting process. The MSW16 and MSW32 exhibited better temperature dynamics and their composting period seemed to be shorter than that of MSW0 and MSW70. Moreover, addition of sawdust caused lowering of moisture loss from the composting piles. Sawdust admixtures also produced lowering of pH and EC values and led to lower heavy metal content in final products. The quality of the final compost makes it possible to propose the use of this experimental procedure for building up a novel mass reduction of the initial composted waste mixtures.
Detritus, 2023
Sawdust and food waste have been part of solid organic waste causing great environmental pollution. Composting is a popular utilization method of converting waste like sawdust and food waste to sanitized and stabilized soil amendment. Unfortunately, many composting systems failed due to a dearth of information as a result of little or no scientific research focused on the effects of the physical properties of composting materials on the composting process. To fill this knowledge gap, three composting experiments of food wastes mixed with sawdust at ratio 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 and compacted to different initial bulk densities of 15, 20, and 25 kg/m 3 respectively was carried out to explore the effect of physical properties on composting of sawdust with food wastes. Physicochemical parameters monitored include bulk density; porosity; particle density, temperature, moisture content; pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The highest temperature (65.3°C) was recorded by trial 3 while trial 1 recorded the lowest temperature (49.3 0C). Among trials 1, 2, and 3, the maximum pH (9.2) and EC (5.1 mS/cm) were observed in compost trial 3. Additionally, the lowest pH (5.3) and EC (1.4 mS/cm) was observed in trial 1. Trial 3 had the highest percentage finest and lowest fibrosity content. A significant increase in bulk density, porosity, and particle density was observed in the three compost trials. The compost's bulk density of (25 kg/m 3) in trial 3 was observed to attain maturity and stability as compared with trials 1 and 2.
2022
Sawdust and food waste have been part of solid organic waste causing great environmental pollution. Composting is a popular utilization method of converting waste like sawdust and food waste to sanitized and stabilized soil amendment. Unfortunately, many composting systems failed due to a dearth of information as a result of little or no scienti c research focused on the effects of the physical properties of composting materials on the composting process. To ll this knowledge gap, three composting experiments of food wastes mixed with sawdust at ratio 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 and compacted to different initial bulk densities of 15, 20, and 25 kg/m 3 respectively was carried out. Physicochemical parameters monitored throughout the composting process include bulk density; porosity; particle density, temperature, moisture content; pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The highest temperature (65.3 o C) was recorded by trial 3 while trial 1 recorded the lowest temperature (49.3 0 C). A steady decrease in temperature after the thermophilic stage was observed throughout the composting process. Among trials 1, 2, and 3, the maximum pH (9.2) and EC (5.1 mS/cm) were observed in compost trial 3. Additionally, the lowest pH (5.3) and EC (1.4 mS/cm) was observed in trial 1. Moisture content ranged from 60-15%. Trial 3 had the highest percentage nest and lowest brosity content. A signi cant increase in bulk density, porosity, and particle density was observed in the three compost trials. The compost's bulk density of (25 kg/m 3) in trial 3 was observed to attained maturity and stability as compared with trials 1 and 2.
Abstract Main purpose of this experiment is to compare the different faecal sludge derived co-compost samples in terms of properties and assessing the differences on using different samples of co-composts in short term crop through a pot experiment. As this experiment is divided into two parts which are analysing different properties of different samples of faecal sludge derived co-composts while another is using the different samples of co-composts in the pot experiments. Pot experiments and lab analysis were conducted in Ruhr university of Bochum, Germany. Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris) was grown as a short term salat crop in pots. Sand was used as the main growing media for pot. Before mixing the co-compost samples into the pots, Sieving(4mm) of co-compost pellets were done. Required amounts of co-composts for growing media were calculated as based on the N content and N requirements for the plants. Transplantation of swiss chard seedlings (on 6th July,017) into the pots, control pots were also considered and for the control pots osmocote exact standard as a fertilizer was used. So, plants were grown for 7 weeks in the greenhouse. Each treatment was replicated for 3 times for 3 different sampling dates (1st,2nd and 3rd harvesting dates). Total 108 pots were used for growing the plants in the green house. Regular follow up and watering based on conditions in green house was prioritized. First sample harvest was done 19 days after transplanting ,2nd Harvesting 2 weeks after 1st harvest and 3rd Harvesting 15 days after 2nd harvest. Different parameters were assessed in each sample harvest dates for example above ground biomass, leaf area, root biomass, SPAD readings, water use efficiency and nutrient uptake by above ground biomass. Results focusing on the properties of co-composts show that more than 40 % of organic matter content was observed in all the co-compost samples. These co-compost samples are containing different nutrients which are crucial for the plant nutrient. These samples are safe to use from heavy metals perspectives. So, there is wider scope of using co-compost samples for increasing the efficiency of plant nutrient availability. It has shown that different properties of co-compost samples and there were significant differences between the co-compost samples in terms of different properties parameters. Results obtained by using different samples of co-compost can be comparable with the control’s result. Ghana co-compost pelletized and DFS-MSW-p-2%Ammonium Bicarbonate have shown the better results while poor results were observed in sample DFS-MSW-p-2% Maize Starch and DFS-MSW-p-2% Rice Starch. Sample Ghana co-compost pelletized and DFS-MSW-p-2% Biochar has shown higher disintegration as compared to other samples. Less disintegration was noted in Sample DFS-MSW-p-2% KHCO3. Higher water use efficiency was observed in sample DFS-MSW-p-2% Ammonium Bicarbonate. All data were assessed for analysis and result has shown that there are significance differences in properties between different co-compost samples(p<0.005). There were significance differences of using different treatments in terms of plant growths parameters (above ground biomass, leaf area, root biomass, root to above ground biomass, SPAD readings, water use efficiency) and nutrient uptake by above ground biomass(p<0.005). As different pelletized co-compost samples having significance differences in disintegration %(p<0.05). This experiment suggests the need of more researches on different crops, specific strategies to increase disintegration of pellets and using these co-compost samples in the farmer’s field level which may help to prepare future strategies focusing on the co-compost derived from the faecal sludge. Key words: faecal sludge, co-compost, pelletized, disintegration
Evaluation of Composting Materials for Sustainable Agricultural Applications
2018
Natural resources are elements of the environment that humans use as a means of production in order to achieve economic development. The aim of the study is based on the evaluation of the proposed 5 natural products /vermiculites, glauconite, straw fly ash, wood biomass and pig manure/ in different proportions to develop various versions of compositions for use in agricultural practice. On the basis of the chemical and agrochemical characteristics of the starting materials, 5 compost samples were prepared from mixing the natural products in a different ratio. Thеse analyzes of the five starting products found, that in vermiculites, glauconite and ash from straw the total amounts of the biogenic element nitrogen and the sum of the mineral fractions of nitrogen (ammonia and nitrate) were very small, whereas for wood biomass and pigs manure the content of the total N is high. The content of the tested heavy metals is much lower, than the ones defined in the legislation. An exception is made for vermiculite, where the total amounts of chromium and nickel are above the MRLs. The investigators found, that the pH in all the mixtures was in the alkaline region, due to the alkaline reaction of the medium with all the starting components. The sum of the mineral fractions of nitrogen for the five mixtures ranges from 163.0 to 241.3 mg/kg. Moving forms of phosphorus and potassium show high values as a result of mixing. No increase in heavy metal values is observed in the different mixtures and the reported values are below the MRLs. The five composts represent a qualitative improver in their use in agricultural practice.
Organic Waste in Composting: A brief review
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 2018
This work studied on the composting process of organic waste. Organic waste is the easily biodegradable waste. Organic wastes are produced from many sources Such as agricultural waste, market waste, kitchen waste, urban solid waste and municipal solid waste. Without proper management, this waste could create several environments problem. Therefore, composting is the best low-cost alternative solution to overcome this problem. The composting method can degrade all types of organic waste such as fruits, vegetables, plants, yard waste and others. The organic waste composition can be used as nutrients for crops, soil additives and for environmental management. However, many factors can contribute to the quality of compost products since different types of organic waste have different concentrations of nutrients, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N, P, K) that are the common macro energetics present in fertilizers. The presence of heavy metals shows how Composts can be applied to soils without contributing any negative effects. In terms of the factor affecting the composting process, temperature, pH, moisture content and carbon nitrogen ratio (C: N) are the main parameters that contribute to the efficiency of the composting process.