Development of hemp fabric reinforced composites (original) (raw)
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Selection of hemp fabric as reinforcement in composite materials
2014
This problem can be solved by converting the plant fibres into yarns or fabrics. Plant fibres in the form of fabric are the most convenient material for a reinforcement considering its good fibre distribution as well as easy to handle during composite fabrication. The selection of fabric criterion on top of fibre type is also essential to ensure its suitability as reinforcement. In this work, three types of fabrics were analysed for their characteristics. Fabrics were analysed in terms of their physical characteristics such as fabric density, weight, thickness, yarn size and yarn crimp. The analysis continued with the fibre density and cloth cover factor determination which are related with the resin penetration. Tensile property characterisation was also done on the fabric which is important to predict their contribution on the composite materials. Fabric characteristics are important to be determined as we need to decide which fabric is more suitable as reinforcement and could giv...
Analyses of woven hemp fabric characteristics for composite reinforcement
Materials & Design (1980-2015), 2015
The potential of plant fibres in composite material components can be enhanced by applying hemp fibres for fabrication of composites with aligned fibres. Fibre alignment can be enhanced by converting it into yarn. Applying fabric instead of yarn not only could enhance the fibre alignment but also could enhance the reinforcement handling during the composite fabrication. This paper presents a detailed characterisation of the woven hemp fabric. Two different batches of fabric with a similar quality were analysed to seek the difference between them. Both fabrics possessed similar physical properties as they were intentionally designed to have balanced properties in warp and weft direction. There was also a slight difference in their thermal behaviour but the differences between both fabrics allow their chemical compositions to be measured. These measured chemical compositions reflect their fibre density and mechanical properties. In terms of mechanical properties, their behaviours and properties were slightly different but via the inferential statistics, both fabrics were proven to have similar tensile strength and tensile modulus. The total cover factors for both fabrics were similar with 66% of fabric sheet that were covered by yarn and presumably could give good penetration of resin in composite fabrication. The findings of this study conclude that both woven hemp fabrics can be used and is suitable for composite reinforcement.
Mechanical Characterization of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites: A Review
2016
The natural fibers are bio-form of plant and animal skin. The natural fibers are abundant in quantity. They possess lightweight and high strength capabilities. The use of those fibers leads no harms in environment, are biodegradable and renewable source of energy. The paper reviews different types of natural fiber, among them hemp fiber, and recognize their mechanical and chemical characteristics. The paper investigates the composite form, which is formed using the natural fiber hemp and polyester resin, varying their proportion and obtaining its mechanical and other properties. The composites made are proposed to be used in other applications. Keywords: Natural fibers, hemp and its properties, composite form Cite this Article Biren J. Saradava, Abhishek J. Kathwadia, Ajit D. Gorviyala, Vatsal K. Joshi . Mechanical Characterization of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites: A Review. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2016; 4(1): 1–3p.
Comparisons between some composite materials reinforced with hemp fibers
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019
For this research we have built original composite materials that have a dammar-based bio-resin as matrix and are reinforced with hemp fibers. These composite materials have been subjected to tensile tests to find their mechanical characteristics and elastic constants: ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and elongation at break. In the second part of the paper we have studied other composite samples with dammar-based resin/hemp fibers and classical composite samples epoxy/hemp fibers. By recording their free vibrations, we have determined the damping factor with respect to their mass, length, loss factor, dynamic flexural stiffness and dynamic Young's modulus respectively. In the end, we have compared the studied samples with other composite materials reinforced with hemp fibers that have been studied in the scientific literature.
Effects of Fibre Surface Treatments on Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibre Composites
Effects of heat treatment, acetylation and plasma treatment of hemp fibres on tensile, impact and fatigue properties of composites made from them have been studied. Laminates were made with unsaturated polyester resin using hand lay-up and compression moulding techniques. Overall no appreciable improvements were observed for composites made following these three fibre treatments. 100 and 150°C heat-treated hemp fibre composites showed some improvement in tensile properties but no appreciable improvement was observed for 200°C heat-treated hemp fibre composites. No improvement in impact damage tolerance was observed for all three heat-treated fibre composites. 100°C heat-treated fibre composites also showed no appreciable improvement in fatigue properties. Acetylation of hemp fibres did not show measurable improvement in tensile properties or impact damage tolerance of composites made from these fibres. Plasma treatment of hemp fibres improved tensile properties of composites made from these fibres.
Hemp fiber and its composites – a review
Journal of Composite Materials, 2012
The use of hemp fibers as reinforcement in composite materials has increased in recent years as a response to the increasing demand for developing biodegradable, sustainable, and recyclable materials. Hemp fibers are found in the stem of the plant which makes them strong and stiff, a primary requirement for the reinforcement of composite materials. The mechanical properties of hemp fibers are comparable to those of glass fibers. However their biggest disadvantage is the variability in their properties. Composites made of hemp fibers with thermoplastic, thermoset, and biodegradable matrices have exhibited good mechanical properties. A number of hemp fiber surface treatments, used to improve the fiber/matrix interfacial bonding, have resulted in considerable improvements in the composites' mechanical properties.
A Study in Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibres
This paper presents the results of the experiments undertaken to evaluate various physical and mechanical properties of hemp fibres. The study of these properties is vital for comparison with similar properties of synthetic fibres and for assessing hemp fibres' suitability for use as reinforcement in composite materials. The properties of hemp fibres were found to be good enough to be used as reinforcement in composite materials. However, the issues of relatively high moisture content of fibres, variability in fibre properties, and relatively poor fibre/matrix interfacial strength were identified as factors that can reduce the efficiency with which these fibres can be utilised.
Study on Static and Dynamic Properties on Hemp Natural Fiber Reinforce Polyester Composite Material
Mechanical properties of hemp fibers and strong laminates were determine to assess the prospect of using it as new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the hand lay-up technique (20:80 fiber and matrix magnitude relation by weight) and the properties were evaluated using the UTM material testing system. The mechanical properties were tested and showed that hemp laminate has the tensile strength of 5.5 KN, bending strength of 4.380KN and frequency and damping for healthy specimen. Results indicated that natural fibers square measure of interest for inexpensive engineering applications and should deal with artificial hemp fibers once a high stiffness per unit weight is fascinating. Results to boot indicated that future analysis towards important enhancements in compressive and impact strength of these styles of composites.Have to be required to specialize in the optimization of fiber strength rather than surface bond strength.
Comparison of harakeke with hemp fibre as a potential reinforcement in composites
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2014
The objective of this study was to characterize the performance of untreated and chemically treated harakeke fibre (a leaf fibre from a plant native to New Zealand) and compare with hemp fibre to assess its use as potential reinforcement in composites. Alkali treatment is among the most popular treatments used to remove unwanted fibre constituents such as pectin, hemicellulose and waxes; it can enhance fibre properties, fibre separation, interfacial bonding and fibre dispersion within a composite. Physical and mechanical properties of untreated and alkali treated fibres were assessed using single fibre tensile testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Untreated harakeke fibre was found to be lower in tensile strength compared to untreated hemp fibre. It was also found that the tensile strength of harakeke and hemp fibres treated with 5wt% NaOH/2wt% Na2SO3 and 5wt% NaOH was not significantly affected and these fibres had good fibre separation. However, alkali treatment was found to lead to higher crystallinity index (Ic) and better thermal stability for harakeke as well as hemp fibres.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
Natural fibres have recently become an attractive alternative to synthetic fibres in the implementation of polymer composite structures. Inherent flaws within natural fibres in terms of their constituent contents (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) reduce the compatibility of these fibres with polymer matrices. In this study, the effects of chemical treatments on hemp fibres and the resulted polyester matrix composite are investigated. The fibres were treated with alkali (0–10% NaOH), acetyl, and silane chemicals. Long unidirectional fibre composites were prepared by vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) process. Thermal properties of the fibres were tested using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The mechanical properties of the composite samples were tested using compression and bending tests. Failure analysis of tested composites was undertaken through Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the treatment...