SARS-CoV-2 infection in an infant with non-respiratory manifestations: a case report (original) (raw)
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Apparent Life-Threatening Event in an Infant with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020
The 2019 novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global outbreak of infection. In general, children with coronavirus disease-2019 have been reported to show milder respiratory symptoms than adult patients. Here, we have described a case of a SARS-CoV-2-infected infant who presented to our hospital with a severe episode of an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE). An 8-month-old, otherwise healthy female infant presented to our hospital because of a sudden cardiopulmonary arrest. Approximately 1 h before this episode, the patient showed no symptoms, except a worse humor than usual. On arrival at our hospital, the patient had severe acidosis, but there were no clear signs of inflammatory response. Chest computed tomography showed weak consolidations in the upper right lung and atelectasis in the lower left lung. No signs of congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathy were observed on echocardiography, and no significant arrhythmia was observed during the clinical course. However, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in tracheal aspirate and urine samples. Although the assessment of further similar cases is indispensable, this case suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be an underlying factor in the pathophysiology of ALTE.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Newborns: A Systematic Review
A recent outbreak of a novel Coronavirus responsible for a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric age.An electronic search was conducted in PubMed database. Papers published between the 1st of January and the 7th of April, 2020 including children aged 0-18 years were selected. Fifty-two studies and two reviews were included, with a total sample size of 4.612 children (2.366 males, 51.3%, weighted mean age 7 years). Patients showed mainly mild (1285/2679, 48.5%) and moderate (1035/2679, 39.1%) signs of the infection. Less than 2% of children were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The most commonly described symptoms were fever (49.2%) and cough (44.1%). Laboratory findings were often unremarkable. Children underwent a chest CT-scan in 85.7% of all cases, and 36% resulted normal. Overall, the estimated mortality was 0.07%. A higher ...
Clinical Profile of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Neonates
Cureus
Background There are conflicting data on the mother-to-child transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and few studies have described the clinical course of neonates infected with SARS-CoV-2. Objectives This study investigates the mother-to-child transmission rate and clinical profile of SARS-CoV-2-infected newborns. Methods Data on 304 newborns of 301 mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were prospectively collected and analyzed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) determined the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the placenta, umbilical cord stump, and nasopharyngeal swabs collected within 24h of birth. Clinical and laboratory data of SARS-CoV-2-infected newborns was entered in a structured proforma. Results A total of 20 neonates (6.5%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, of which 12 were positive only in the nasopharyngeal swab, four cases had the umbilical stump positive, three were positive in the placenta, and one case was positive in all the three specimens collected. Six of the 20 SARS-CoV-2-positive neonates developed severe symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2-positive symptomatic neonates required a more extended stay in hospital compared to their non-symptomatic infected counterparts. Conclusions A proportion of the babies born to SARS-CoV2-infected mothers tested positive and some of these newborns had severe symptoms.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
Background Studies on age-related differences in clinical and laboratory features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are limited. We aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, laboratory findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children younger than 6 months old and compare them with older children. Methods A single-center retrospective study, including 209 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection cases, was conducted between 11 March 2020 and 1 September 2021. The case group consisted of 47 patients younger than 6 months old, whereas the control group consisted of 162 patients older than 6 months old. Results The mean age of the case group was 2.77 ± 1.52 months, and the control group was 101.89 ± 65.77 months. Cough was statistically higher in the control group, and poor feeding was higher in the case group (p = 0.043, 0.010). The underlying disease rate was statistically higher in the control group; however, the hospitalization rate was higher in the cas...
2021
Background: SARS-CoV-2 as a member of Coronavirus family, caused a global pandemic in late 2019 and raised concerns about its morbidity and mortality among immune-deficient individuals. Till now, several pediatric cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, and some have noted susceptibility to infection in infants and young children, especially those with congenital comorbidities. In this report, we discuss the clinical course, administered treatments, and outcomes of SARS-COV-2 infection in an infant suffering from cardiovascular comorbidity. Case Presentation: We describe a newborn referred to hospital 72 hours postpartum, diagnosed with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD), and subsequently found to be infected with the SARS-COV-2 virus. The patient presented with tachypnea, lethargy, and a history of recent fever and myalgia in his father. He received intravenous fluid and antibiotic therapy based on an established protocol for COVID-19 treatment by Iran health ministry and was discharged after five days of hospitalization without further complications. Two weeks after discharge, he was referred to the cardiac surgery department for surgical treatment after obtaining a negative result for nasopharyngeal sample SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Conclusions: Mild symptoms and no need for excessive oxygen supports in the current case demonstrate pediatrics patients with COVID-19 have a better prognosis and fewer complications compared with adults, even at early childhood and with the presence of serious cardiac complications.
Severe Aplastic Anemia Secondary to SARS CoV-2 Infection-A Case Report
During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the assessment, and management of patients are challenging. The clinical features of COVID-19 are heterogeneous and subtle in many cases. Although Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS CoV-2) mainly affects pulmonary system, it has also been shown to cause abnormalities within the hematopoietic system by inducing neutropenia, lymphopenia, and in rare circumstances, central pancytopenia. Aplastic anemia is a potentially lifethreatening acquired bone marrow failure syndrome which leads to central pancytopenia. The association between SARS CoV-2 and aplastic anemia is insufficiently explored in the current literature. Although the exact pathogenesis of the disorder is yet to be fully understood, it is thought to be primarily caused by post infective auto-immunity. Based on a clinical case of COVID-19 induced severe aplastic anemia and the available literature on virus induced aplastic anemia, we propose that the development of aplastic anemia in COVID-19 patients may be attributable to SARS CoV-2. We here report a case of a previously normal 4 years old child who developed severe aplastic anemia after being hospitalized for COVID-19.
Congenital infection by sars cov2 about a case
SARS CoV-2 vertical transmission has been debated since the beginning of the epidemic. Clinical case: neonate born to a 24-yearold mother who was infected with SARS CoV-2 diagnosed by PCR is presented. The mother had respiratory deterioration; therefore, a segmental cesarean section was performed. A preterm male neonate at 36 weeks of gestation presented respiratory distress, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. A nasopharyngeal swab test was performed during the first 24 hours of life, resulting in a positive. During hospitalization, he presented clinical deterioration due to tachycardia, abdominal distension, and increased respiratory distress. Paraclinical exams reported anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased D-dimer and ferritin levels. Therefore, he received immunoglobulin therapy for 5 days as well as supportive treatment. Conclusion: based on clinical and paraclinical evolution, congenital infection by SARS CoV-2 was concluded.