Prevalence of Avian Leukosis Virus Antigen Among Indigenous Chickens in Two Suburban Communities of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Related papers
In an attempt to determine the seroprevalence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) in exotic broiler chickens and Nigerian local chickens in Zaria, Nigeria, a total of 600 sera (300 from exotic broiler chickens and 300 from Nigerian local chickens), obtained from the live bird market in Zaria, Nigeria, were tested for ALV p27 antigen by the antigen capture-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ac-ELISA) technique. The age range of the Nigerian local chickens sampled in this study was 6-24 months, while that of the exotic broiler chickens used in this study was 2-3 months. Fourteen out of the 300 sera obtained from the exotic broiler chickens tested positive to ALV p27 antigen, which represents 4.70%, while 180 of the 300 Nigerian local chicken sera were confirmed positive to the antigen, representing 60.00%. Thirteen (92.86%) of the fourteen sera from the exotic broiler chickens were lowly positive (ELISA Units range of 10-20%) to ALV p27 antigen, while only one (7.14%) serum sample was moderately positive to ALV p27 antigen with an ELISA Unit of 29.33%. Of the 180 sera from the Nigerian local chickens that tested positive to ALV p27 antigen , 79 (43.89%) were lowly positive with ELISA Units ranging from 10.67% to 21.33%, while 101 (56.11%) serum samples were moderately positive to ALV p27 antigen with ELISA Units ranging from 28.0% to 73.33%. A higher seroprevalence of ALV was detected in Nigerian local chickens than the exotic broiler chickens.
Biologicals, 2018
Globally, vaccines are used to prevent and control the menace of infectious diseases in livestock with some reported to be inadvertently contaminated with extraneous agents (EAs). With the aim of screening and characterizing for some selected EAs, 44 live viral poultry vaccines were randomly selected based on availability. The vaccines comprised 14 manufacturers in 10 different countries including Nigeria were screened by Polymerase Chain Reaction. In 9% (4/44) of the vaccines, contamination with only avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J (ALV-J) was recorded. Other exogenous ALV subgroups, chicken infectious anemia and infectious laryngotracheitis viruses were absent. The EAs was found in infectious bursal disease (n = 1), Fowlpox (n = 2) and Mareks disease (n = 1) vaccines. Phylogenetic analysis of the ALV-J env gene showed clustering with contemporary group I and II. The result underscores the importance of screening vaccines to avoid the introduction and spread of EAs that could pose a threat to poultry production.
2016
The present study was designed with a view to identify the Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) by direct Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) as well as to know the prevalence of ALV in different age groups of layer birds at Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. The birds were categorized into three groups, namely group A (brooder) included bird aged 13 days, group B (grower) included bird aged 16 weeks and lastly group C (layer) included bird aged 32 weeks. In this study a total of 92 cloacal swab samples were examined and 13 positive cases of ALV was found among which 5, 4 and 4 positive samples were in grower, brooding and layer chickens respectively. This study showed that ALV positive cases were 14.13% in layer birds whereas 14.5% positive cases in Sonali chicken and 13.3% in case of Hy-Line brown chicken. The inoculation of cloacal swab was done into five 10 days old embryonated chicken eggs through yolk sac route. After 5 days of inoculation death of the all embryos with haemorrhage was observed indicating the prevalence of Avian Leukosis Virus in the study area of Bangladesh. Since Avian Leukosis Virus transmitted both horizontally and vertically therefore measures to prevent spread are more demanding.
Avian Leukosis in Brahma Chicken Raised in Al-Qurnah Town, Southern Iraq
Russian Agricultural Sciences, 2018
The current study was conducted to diagnose avian leukosis in naturally infected Brahma backyard chickens in southern parts of Iraq, on the basis of clincopathological findings and serological detection by using antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) in suspected tumor cases in field conditions. In this study the avian leukosis was mostly observed in birds from 16 to 22 weeks of age, as well as the infected flocks showed a low mortality rate ranging from 5-6%. Typical variable sized grey to yellow obvious tumor-like nodular lesion was demonstrated on the surface of enlarged visceral organs such as liver, spleen, kidney and duodenum, as in white meat-type chickens. The histopathological features revealed massive infiltration of monomorphic lymphocytes in which the lymphoblasts were predominant in the liver, kidney, spleen and duodenum. In this study, a total of 40 sera were tested for ALV P27 antigen by ELISA technique. Thirty-five out of forty sera (87.5%) obtained from Brahma chickens tested positive to ALV P27 antigen and a higher percentage (88.58%) of the chicken sera were strongly positive and had (EUs > 75%). Based on these findings, avian leukosis was concluded to be associated with this pathological condition in Iraqi backyard flocks. This is the first report of the presence of the avian leukosis in visceral samples of Brahma breed. It seems that commercial poultry population in Iraq is not far from the threat of the avian leukosis, and surveillance for avian leukosis is needed.
Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2006
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of antibodies to ALV-J in broilers and broiler breeders. For this, 5 broiler units and 1 broiler breeding unit in the Marmara region were visited. Seventy 4-6-week-old chicks from the broiler units, consisting of 14 chicks from each broiler unit, were selected. Seventeen chickens from the broiler breeding unit were also selected. The chicks from the broiler units were necropsied and all internal organs were checked for the presence of tumors. Blood sera collected from all animals were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to avian leukosis virus subgroup-J (ALV-J) by a commercial ELISA (IDEXX). Growth retardation, depression, diarrhea and respiratory disorders were seen in chicks from the broiler units. No tumors were observed in the internal organs. However, pseudomembranes on the liver of 3 chicks and Gumboro-like lesions in the bursa of Fabricius in 5 chicks were seen. No antibodies to ALV-J were detected in any of the broiler chicks' sera. However, antibodies to ALV-J were detected in 13 (76%) of the17 broiler breeders, which indicates the necessity to apply eradication programs for ALV-J in breeding flocks in Turkey.
Diversity of endogenous avian leukosis virus subgroup E (ALVE) insertions in indigenous chickens
Article, 2020
Background: Avian leukosis virus subgroup E (ALVE) insertions are endogenous retroviruses (ERV) that are restricted to the domestic chicken and its wild progenitor. In commercial chickens, ALVE are known to have a detrimental effect on productivity and provide a source for recombination with exogenous retroviruses. The wider diversity of ALVE in non-commercial chickens and the role of these elements in ERV-derived immunity (EDI) are yet to be investigated. Results: In total, 974 different ALVE were identified from 407 chickens sampled from village populations in Ethiopia, Iraq, and Nigeria, using the recently developed obsERVer bioinformatics identification pipeline. Eighty-eight percent of all identified ALVE were novel, bringing the known number of ALVE integrations to more than 1300 across all analysed chickens. ALVE content was highly lineage-specific and populations generally exhibited a large diversity of ALVE at low frequencies, which is typical for ERV involved in EDI. A significantly larger number of ALVE was found within or near coding regions than expected by chance, although a relative depletion of ALVE was observed within coding regions, which likely reflects selection against deleterious integrations. These effects were less pronounced than in previous analyses of chickens from commercial lines. Conclusions: Identification of more than 850 novel ALVE has trebled the known diversity of these retroviral elements. This work provides the basis for future studies to fully quantify the role of ALVE in immunity against exogenous ALV, and development of programmes to improve the productivity and welfare of chickens in developing economies. © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article' s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article'
Avian Pathology, 1999
Avian leukosis retroviruses (ALV) cause lymphomas and other cancers in chickens. Previous studies have used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and indirect immuno¯uorescence assays (IFA) to detect ALV p27 group-speci® c antigens (GSA) in commercial chicken eggs. In the poultry industry eradication programme against exogenous ALV, ELISA assays are used to identify chickens infected with the virus. The inability of ELISA and IFA assays to discriminate between ALV GSA of endogenous or exogenous origin, and actual virus, have limited rigorous assessments of viral transmission dynamics. Here, we report the use of a newly developed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, with direct sequencing of the RT-PCR product, to show endogenous and exogenous ALV in albumen from unfertilized chicken eggs. We found that 95% of 20 eggs from ALV-exposed commercial chickens and 14.2% of 240 egg samples from 20 randomly chosen New Orleans retail stores were ALV-positive by RT-PCR. In comparison, only 2.5% of the same egg samples from the retail stores were positive by ELISA. Corresponding direct sequencing of randomly chosen RT-PCR products showed that four of six egg samples contained endogenous ALV, while two of the six samples were positive for exogenous subgroup A ALV. The ® nding of endogenous subgroup E ALV in unfertilized chicken eggs emphasizes that the transmission of endogenous ALV is common and should be considered in the implementation of ALV eradication programmes by the poultry industry.
Globally, poultry production contributes substantially to national economic development of many developing countries. The study to investigate the distribution of poultry viral diseases prevalent around Maiduguri metropolis was carried out using a total of n=1114 and n=21 hospital records obtained from Borno State Veterinary Hospital (BSVH) and the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UMVTH) from 2005 to 2010. The proportion of endemic viral diseases were analysed using SPSS version 20.0. The distribution of poultry viral diseases diagnosed at BSVH revealed a high prevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) (58.17%) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) (17.86%). While the prevalence of Fowl Pox and Infectious Laryngotracheitis were 8.26% and 0.81% respectively. However, low occurrence of Avian Influenza (0.36%), Infectious Bronchitis (IB) (0.27%), Lymphoid Leucosis (0.54%) and Marek’s Disease (0.27%) were observed. In addition, 13.47% of all viral infections recorded were mixed infection. In UMVTH, the distribution of endemic poultry viral diseases diagnosed showed that the prevalence of Fowl Pox and ND was 47.62% and 42.86% while the prevalence of IBD observed was 9.52%. The overall viral poultry diseases diagnosed in Maiduguri metropolis during the period under investigation were ND (57.89%), IBD (17.71%) and Fowl Pox (8.99%) respectively. In addition, the prevalence of IB (0.26%), Infectious Laryngotracheitis (0.79%), Lymphoid Leucosis (0.53%), and Marek’s Disease (0.26%) were observed to be relatively low. The result of this investigation demonstrated that the major viral poultry diseases affecting the progress of poultry production in Maiduguri are ND, IBD and fowl pox. Keywords | Disease, Endemic, Maiduguri, Poultry, Retrospective, Viral
Detection of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J from Commercial Peking Duck Breeder Farm in Egypt
International Journal of Virology, 2015
Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is widely described in meat-type chickens and layers type but rarely observed in ducks. In this study, two flocks of Peking duck breeder bred in Egypt showed 25-30% mortality, 20-30% drop in egg production and 60-65% drop in hatchability. Gross picture showed severe enlargement of liver, spleen, white raised nodules in heart and ovarian atrophy in all examined birds. The liver and spleen had diffuse, multifocal white raised foci on the surface as well as on the cut-surface. Histopathological examination revealed numerous myelocytes with bigger volume, large peripheral nucleus and packed reddish cytoplasmic granules infiltrated in heart, liver, kidney and ovary. Some of myelocytic cells had mitotic figures. Results were positive for detection of ALV antigen-p27 by antigen capture ELISA in cloacal samples. The PCR results confirmed that the flocks were positive for ALV-J with specific fragment of 545 bp, but negative for ALV-A, Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) and Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The study provided some information on ALV-J induced myelocytomatosis for ducks. It concluded that ALV-J virus is broadening host range including the ducks. Also, myeloid leukosis is an enduring problem facing the poultry industry.