Presentiments of War: The Evolution of Ukrainian Commemorative and Celebrative Practices in Lviv (1911—1914) (original) (raw)

Relations and connections among Central European people during the Great War depicted through the fates of residents of a Bačka town

2016

The main focus of this paper are the fates of the residents of three Palanka municipalities (Old, New and Bačka Palanka): Serbs, Germans, Hungarians, Jews and Slovaks, participants of the Great War 1914-1918. Relying on scarce sources and on the available literature, the author of this paper tries to explore the correlations between citizens of Palanka, as well as their relations and connections with other Central European people, before, during and after the Great War; observed through their participation in the combined forces of AustroHungary and revolutionary movements from 1917 to 1919. The author also depicts the role of the citizens of Palanka in the shaping of the Central European post war creations of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians and the First Czechoslovak Republic, as Serbian volunteers, members of the Czechoslovak Legion and as peoples’ representatives at the Great National Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs in Novi Sad on the 25th November

Intellectuals and World War I. A Central European Perspective

"Intellectuals and World War I. A Central European Perspective", edited by Tomasz Pudłocki and Kamil Ruszała, Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press 2018, ISBN: 978-83-233-4500-8, pp. 356. This volume was planned as an academic and methodological exchange of views between historians and other scholars dealing with social history of World War I in East-Central Europe. Its main aim is an attempt to answer the question how the conflict affected intellectuals in certain clearly defined aspects (family, education, religion, gender, sexuality). Their wartime experi­ences were surely shaped by their whereabouts, everyday life matters, standard of living, and in the case of soldiers — the type of military service. We also took a closer look at members of the intelligentsia who fought in the trenches, those who worked in propaganda or those who held civil service posts in the belligerent countries. It still seems to be an important question whether the cooperation of intellectuals and scholars with the war apparatus was conscious, voluntary, whether it was a form of social mission carried out for the state or nation, or maybe an attempt by the governments and rulers to use the “naive clerks” ­instrumentally? Among many important issues there is also a reflection on the intellectuals’ stance towards militarism and the outbreak of war: their reactions, thoughts, predictions, and the way they interpreted the war events for society. That is why we also wanted to find out how the war was conceptualized by intellectuals, how it was commented upon and how the post-war reality was conceived. Table of Contents: Preface: The Great War and Intellectuals from East-Central Europe: Reflections from the Perspective of a Century (Tomasz Pudłocki and Kamil Ruszała) I. CHALLENGES OF GREAT WAR: GENERAL STUDIES PIETER M. JUDSON, War and the Habsburg Monarchy: A Revisionist View MACIEJ GÓRNY, First Write, Then Shoot: East Central European Intellectuals and the Great War VIKTORIIA VOLOSHENKO, Intellectuals and (Anti)Military Propaganda in the Popular Literature for Ukrainian Peasantry Before World War I LIUBOV ZHVANKO, Ukrainian Intelligentsia and the Refugees of World War I BELINDA DAVIS, “Going All the Way” for the People? Reading Traugott v. Jagow’s Wartime Transformations ESZTER BALÁZS, The Intellectual’s Body in War: Hungarian Writers’ Cases in World War I STEVO ĐURAŠKOVIĆ, Croatian Intellectuals and World War I: Between Croatia as Bulwark of Mitteleuropa Towards the West and the Other Way Around KAMIL RUSZAŁA, Intellectuals and the Galician Refugees During World War I in Austria-Hungary: Disparate Attitudes MARKO VUKIČEVIĆ, Architects of Zagreb: Careers and the Great War II. CASE STUDIES ANDRZEJ SYNOWIEC, The Social Involvement of the Jagiellonian University Professor Stefan Jentys During World War I NATALIA KOLB, The Great War in the Light of Documents and Correspondence of the Galician Greek Catholic Parish Priest Isydor Hlynskyi Andrea Griffante, Between Pain and Care: Once More on Gabrielė Petkevičaitė War Experience SUSANNE KORBEL, The Österreichische Reiterlied by Dr. Zuckermann: A Nearly Forgotten History of a Jewish Intellectual in the Great War ROBERT BLOBAUM, Noah Prylucki: Jewish Nationalist or Polish Democrat? ANDREW KIER WISE AND PENNY MESSINGEr, Anna and Boris Reinstein and the Socialist Response to World War I TOMASZ PUDŁOCKI, “Stranger in the Night”? A Canadian on the Czech-Polish Borderland During World War I: The Case of William John Rose KUMRU TOKTAMIS, Yashar Khanum: The Woman for Whom the War Never Ended III. BEYOND THE WAR YEARS MICHAEL JUNG, Professors of the Technische Hochschule Hannover and the Great War: Attitudes and Their Political Impact Until the 1930s IRYNA ORLEVYCH, The Talerhof Tragedy in the Intellectual Thought of Galician Russophiles in the Interwar Period List of Contributors For buying this item please go to Jagiellonian University Press website: https://www.wuj.pl/page,produkt,prodid,3261,strona,Intellectuals\_and\_World\_War\_I,katid,31.html

JelenaObradović‐Wochnik, Ethnic Conflict and War Crimes in the Balkans: The Narratives of Denial in Post‐conflict Serbia. London: I.B.Tauris, 2013, 257pp. £56.50 (hbk)

Nations and Nationalism, 2015

This is an original perspective on the construction of national identity in Soviet Lithuania. Drawing on interviews with the Soviet Lithuanian intelligentsia (mostly writers) and other primary and secondary sources, Davoliūtė has written an engaging story about their contributions to the legitimation of the Soviet regime in Lithuania and their roles in deconstructing this system. Enriched with memorable photographs, this book analyses various processes related to modernisation in Lithuania, including the 'rustic turn', a cultural movement against Soviet modernity. By focusing on the construction of Soviet Lithuanian modernity and related traumas, such as mass resettlement from Lithuanian villages to the cities, collectivisation, the resistance movement, the book depicts the creation of Lithuanian collective identity during the Soviet period and its immediate aftermath. The Introduction outlines a compelling vision. Davoliūtė argues that it is necessary to incorporate the Holocaust and the displacement which other ethnic groups experienced into the story of the development of Lithuanian national identity. The first chapter describes the formation of national identity during the nineteenth century, astutely pointing out the divisions between the villages, which were mostly inhabited by Lithuanian-speaking peasants, and the cities, which were inhabited mostly by the Polish and Jewish minorities. The account of the developments during World War I and the interwar period highlights the attempts by Lithuanian intellectuals to modernise what they saw as traditional 'peasant' culture. This attempt at modernisation was interrupted by traumatic historical events, including the Holocaust and mass displacements after World War II, which radically changed the demographic structure of cities and villages in Lithuania. The author makes an astute observation that after World War II, the speed of urbanisation in Soviet Lithuania was breathtaking (from 15 per cent in 1945 to 68.1 per cent in 1989, p. 51). The following chapters explore the processes that accompanied this meteoric urbanisation, including the formation of the Soviet Lithuanian elites and their role in the creation of urban Soviet Lithuanian culture. Davoliūtė empathetically depicts the molding of the Soviet 'cultural corps' from young Lithuanian men, mostly with humble beginnings, who found pride in their new elite status in Soviet Lithuanian society. These men-very few women made it into the ranks of the Soviet Lithuanian elite-shared traumatic memories about displacement from villages and postwar dramas, but at the same time they felt an intense ambition to climb the social ladder. They became part of an exclusive and powerful guild, the Writers' Union, which gave them a privileged position in Soviet Lithuanian society and the power to shape national discourse. The chapters establishing connections between the 'rustic turn' in the 1960s and the rise of the nationalist movement Sąjūdis in the 1980s are the most interesting parts of the book. Davoliūtė conceptualises 'the rustic turn', a cultural movement that was marked by a fascination with tradition and rural life, as part of a transnational cultural movement in Europe and Russia during the twentieth century. In Soviet Lithuania, bs_bs_banner EN AS

‘Bulgarian Great War: Diseases, Death, and World of “Drabness and Marginality” (1915-1918) - Resistance to War Conference March 18th-20th 2016. Conference Programme

In an article – “For Social Justice and Welfare: Hunger, Diseases, and Bulgarian Women’s Revolts, 1916-1918” Wolfgang Höpken and Wim van Meurs (eds). The First World War and the Balkans – Historic Event, Experience and Memory. Munich: Otto Sagner Publishers, 2016 – I argued that the drama of Bulgarian society at war was played out in relation to the social world of “drabness and marginality”, the world of beings who made a living as hired labourers (in the words of Iliya Yanulov, the “architect” of Bulgarian bourgeois social policy). And I showed, among others, that the topography of revolts of (ordinary urban and rural women), which occurred in places with the greatest numbers of mobilized men, reveals both why in the women’s anger now “murmurs the horror of their coerced situation by showing its face” (in wording of M. Duras), and how in their cries flickers shadows of different war reality, of which the subjective contexts were writing the scenarios of what would be Bulgaria’s post-war future. The angry women outburst in public (during the war) makes increasingly visible to the public the other reality of the historical process – the social suffering, social anger, and dreams of people who had been left in the shadow of History and Politics. Yet, here, I would like to propose a study of ordinary women’s social anger, i.e. to be studied under scrutiny both what (horror of their coerced situation) exactly speaks in this women outburst (hungry revolts and strikes) in public and social differences that were revealed in different women ways (petitions and collective letters, among others by Bulgarian and Turkish, addressed to different official institutions) to protest against the war. Thus I would like to thematise and problematize women political and civic participation (made possible by total war mobilisation) and thereby to underline the new sources of women emancipation during war, i.e. the affective reality of their experience from all that befalls ordinary women as injustice: history, politics, hunger, diseases and deaths, and the ways they answer to it. The study bases on archives that still are not ‘open’, of military courts, of military investigations on ‘women’s revolts’, of women letters caught by censors and censorships reports (some of them probably done by women), private women archives of socialist activists, and collected memoirs on women revolts and so on. This study tackles with the core of ongoing debate on “the process that renders individual emotions collective and thus political”.

Bosniaks in the 1921 Uprising in West Hungary

Historijski pogledi, 2023

In the present study, I describe the struggles of the 1921. Uprising in West Hungary, and the lives and activities of the Bosnian and Albanian soldiers who took part in it. Hungary ended the First World War among the losers. The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was dissolved, and Romania, Serbia, and the fledgling Czechoslovakia, among the states surrounding Hungary, made territorial claims on the Hungarian state. The nationalities living on the territory of Hungary declared their secession one after the other, and the country lost territory to neighbouring states one after the other. The territories under foreign occupation also included many Hungarian minorities, and more than two-thirds of the country's territory was under foreign occupation. The population of the country was dismayed, but when the Council of State of the former ally, Austria, announced its territorial claim to Western Hungary on 17 November 1918, the population was outraged. The Hungarian leadership attempted to negotiate with the Austrian leadership, raising the possibility of partitioning the territory, but the Austrians refused to make a deal. On 10 September 1919, the Entente approved the Austrian territorial claims in the Treaty of St. Germain. On 4 June 1920, the Treaty of Trianon was signed, in which the Kingdom of Hungary lost more than two-thirds of its territory, and the annexation of Western Hungary to Austria was confirmed. After the signing of the peace treaty, Hungary was forced to evacuate Western Hungary. The territory was divided into two parts, the so-called "A "and "B" zones. The former was today's Burgenland, the latter Sopron, and its surroundings. However, the Hungarians did not give up. In the meantime, however, the recruitment of volunteer troops had begun, the nucleus of which was the "Ragged Guard", formed on 18 April 1918. under the leadership of Iván Héjjas. The rebels were mostly made up of demobilised soldiers, farmers, students, and railwaymen, but they were also joined by Bosnian and Albanian volunteers led by Hilmi Hussein d, was later killed in action against the Austrians. I will write in detail about the antecedents of the Uprising in West Hungary, its main leaders, Pál Prónay and Iván Héjjas, and the soldiers who fought in their units. I pay special attention to the travel of the Bosnian and Albanian soldiers

Antimilitarism and Avant-Garde: the Hungarian journal A Tett (Nov. 1915-Oct. 1916)

2017

"We were wolves living outside all the cages and our recompensation was that we could shout on our way" 1 The overwhelming majority of European intellectuals backed their state and supported the war, some until the very end: as Christophe Prochasson notes in an article on European intellectuals and writers in WWI, there was little room for maneuver and it was particularly impossible to avoid being caught up in the culture of war 2 (as it is well-known: during WWI the culture of war was a cultural discourse with the stigmatization of the enemy in its focus) 3. Although "wartime was not a time for the critical intellectual" 4 , we can not reduce the entire spectrum of intellectual debate and opinion to these positions during WWI. A new feature in the history of intellectuals appeared: the dissent. The dissents were those intellectuals who dared to adopt a vigorous antiwar stance: they firmly opposed the war and called for it to end immediately. 5 The rallying point of these tiny groups was their regular meetings or journals. On the other hand, criticism did not concern only these dissents: most of the time it was a complex issue, the range was vast and could last from moderate and eventual criticism to an energetic and more stable one. According to Prochasson, German and Austrian intellectuals "were not affected by pacifism to the same degree as their French, Russian, and British counterparts". 6 However, I think, this statement needs to be modified. If we consider all the small nations and peoples involved in WWI on the German and Austrian side one by one, we can face a certain variety of antiwar stance, and most of 1 Lajos Kassák, A magyar avangard három folyóirata [The Three Journals of the Hungarian Avant-Garde], Helikon, 1964, 2 nd-3 rd issues, 215. 2 Christophe Prochasson, Intellectuals and Writers in John Horne (ed.