Toxicological Sudies on Some Scale Insects Attacking Fig Trees in Egypt (original) (raw)
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Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development, 2017
The experimentation was carried out during two successive seasons, (2015 and 2016) on mature Fig trees farm, at Dar-Ramad, Fayoum Governorate. Three chemicals, Diazenox 60%, Cidial L 50 % and Renoban 48%, were tested against the bark beetle Hypothenemus eruditus (Westwood) on Fig trees. Three concentrations of each 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5cm 3 /1-liter water were used in addition to water alone as untreated control (untreated cuts). Counting entrance and exit holes, cidial L 50 was the most effective insecticide where no holes were observed in the treated cuts at all concentrations, in both seasons with Renoban, the number of entrance holes was low with no exit holes in the 1 st season and 5.7 holes/cut on cuts treated with 4.5cm/liter in the 2 nd season. Diazenox was the least efficient where, after two months of exposure, there was no difference in infestation (14.2 holes/cut) between those treated with 1.5% conc. and the untreated. Results in both season were similar. INTRODUCTION Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are a major faunal element in most forest ecosystems around the world. They are small beetles, generally 1-3 mm long, which can bore into most woody tissue and reproduce in galleries under bark or inside the seed pods of their hosts. Their feeding can disrupt sap flow causing branch or tree death and some species are known vectors of fungi, which cause serious tree diseases such as Dutch elm disease. Bark beetle species are living on dying and decaying trees, but those species that invade healthy living tissue also can become a management issue for the production systems they infest. The beetles can destroy timber and render agricultural produce unmarketable and are therefore a major quarantine concern. Indeed, scolytines are commonly intercepted by quarantine authorities, both in wood packing materials, where they comprise 93% of all insects intercepted in the USA (Haack, 2001), and in food products such as nuts. Species, Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood, widely distributed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, is also common in the Mediterranean countries, H. eruditus is similarly found in the husk material and less commonly inside the kernel some activity has been observed within the macadamia nut shell (Huwer and Maddox,
2015
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
Peruvian Journal of Agronomy
Las plagas de varias especies causan estragos en los granos almacenados, lo que resulta en pérdidas de granos tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas. Las plagas de insectos alimentan los granos almacenados y reducen el peso, el contenido nutricional y la germinación de estos granos. La contaminación, el olor, el moho y el daño por calor también son causados por infestaciones, lo que disminuye la calidad del grano y lo vuelve inadecuado para el consumo humano o animal. Los compradores comerciales de granos pueden elegir entre negarse a aceptar granos infestados de insectos o pagar un precio reducido por ellos. Se han probado varias prácticas de manejo de plagas. La aparición de resistencia a insecticidas y fungicidas, así como el daño a organismos no objetivo y los efectos agudos y crónicos en humanos y el medio ambiente han requerido el uso de métodos biorracionales sobre el control químico de plagas de productos almacenados. El término biorracional se refiere a varios productos que ...
Insecticides Mode of Action in Relation to Their Toxicity to
2012
insecticidal compounds and their comparative toxicity to non-target organisms, pinpointing the most toxic compounds in the market, so that people working with pesticides (mainly farmers and applicators, but also consultants, regulators, agronomists and environmentalists) may understand what they are dealing with. Only from such a perspective we will be able to grasp adequately any problem arising from insecticide usage. This paper aims at closing that gap in knowledge. Insecticide effects on non-target organisms are discussed in relation to the specific mode of action of the compounds, in an attempt to clarify why certain insecticidal compounds are more toxic than others to specific taxa.
Some Field Applications for Controlling Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera;Gelechiidae) in Egypt
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control, 2018
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net
FUMIGANT AND CONTACT TOXICITY OF SOME ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS AGAINST THREE STORED PRODUCT INSECTS
Pelargonium graveolens is an important economic plant, so many farmers work in producing geranium essential oil, to increase their income and also increasing the national income. Distillation of geranium herb produces floral water and factories throw it as a waste water. Using stripping column Hashem Brothers for Essential oils and Aromatic Products Company produced essential oil from waste water. The waste water contains from 0.06 to 0.2 kg/ton essential oil. Citronellol is the main component is geranium stripping oil with 31.88% followed by geraniol and linalool with 22.45% and 10.10%, respectively. Geranium stripping oil and its main components (citronellol, geraniol and linalool) were evaluated as insecticides. Triboleum castaneum is more tolerant than Rhizopirtha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae in contact and fumigant experiments. All tested components had no effect on T. castaneum as contact while geranium stripping oil had the strongest effect on R. dominica and S. oryzae. All tested components had a fumigant effect against the three tested insects. After 24 h of exposure for R. dominica, linalool had the strongest effect with LC50 of (410.3 mg/L) while, citronellol had the strongest effect on T. castaneum and S. oryzae with LC50 of (628.2 and 898.9 mg/L), respectively. Citronellol also had the strongest toxicity against S. oryzae at the same time of exposure.
2018
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of economic and quarantine significance are responsible for both quantitative and qualitative losses in horticulture. Most producers in Brazil use insecticides as a cover spray for the control of fruit flies. Here new insecticide molecules were evaluated under laboratory conditions as potential replacements for organophosphates to provide protection and prevent damage to horticultural crops. Five pairs of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) and Anastrepha grandis (Wied.) were placed into Petri dishes and exposed to eight insecticides using a Potter spray tower. The number of insect deaths was monitored until 21 hours after spraying. In general, both Anastrepha species exhibited similar susceptibility to the insecticides. Different fruit fly mortalities were observed among the insecticide treatments beginning 30 minutes after exposure. Interactions were verified between the compounds and fruit fly species and between evaluation periods and treatments. Acetamiprid, deltamethrin, flypyradifurone (1.60 ppm), imidacloprid, phosmet, thiamethoxam and zeta-cypermethrin caused similar mortalities 21 hours after treatment for both fruits fly species.
Effect of some natural products on the vector of Bancroftian filariasis in Jizan, KSA
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control, 2018
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.