Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by using Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans (original) (raw)
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Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microalgae and fungi, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. The experiment was designed to evaluate the efficiency of microorganisms to remove heavy metals by using, two fungi (Aspegillus niger and Candida albicans) with two microalgae (Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetradesmus nygaardi), in removing heavy metals from liquid media during study period (20 days). For this study, cadmium and lead were selected by different concentrations (5, 15, 35, and 50ppm) of such heavy metals. The results indicate that fungi and microalgae effectively removed a significant amount of heavy metals. With respect to Pb and Cd, the maximum removal of lead for all concentrations (5-50ppm) were, (94, 90, 86.28 and 81.6%) respectively, and maximum cadmium removal were (88, 86.66, 84.57 and 79%) recorded by consortium culture of Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetr...
Bioremoval of Heavy Metals by the Native Strain Aspergillus niger
Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy, 2019
The objective of this work was study the resistance and removal capacity of heavy metals by the fungi Aspergillus niger. We analyzed the resistance to some heavy metals by dry weight and plate: the fungi it grows in 2000 ppm of zinc, lead, and mercury, 1200 and 1000ppm of arsenic (III) and (VI), 800ppm of fluor and cobalt and least in cadmium (400ppm). With respect to their potential of removal of heavy metals, this removal efficiently zinc, (100%), mercury (83.2%), fluor (83%), cobalt (71.4%), fairly silver (48%) and copper (37%). We determine the optimal characteristics for lead, mercury, cobalt and zinc removal in dry cells. The ideal conditions for the removal of 100mg/L of the heavy metals Cr (VI) were 28 °C, pH between 4.0-5.5, 100ppm of heavy metal, and 5g of fungal biomass.
Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Liquid Media Through Fungi Isolated from Contaminated Sources
Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2011
Wastewater particularly from electroplating, paint, leather, metal and tanning industries contain enormous amount of heavy metals. Microorganisms including fungi have been reported to exclude heavy metals from wastewater through bioaccumulation and biosorption at low cost and in eco-friendly way. An attempt was, therefore, made to isolate fungi from sites contaminated with heavy metals for higher tolerance and removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Seventy-six fungal isolates tolerant to heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni were isolated from sewage, sludge and industrial effluents containing heavy metals. Four fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspegillus awamori, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma viride) also were included in this study. The majority of the fungal isolates were able to tolerate up to 400 ppm concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni. The most heavy metal tolerant fungi were studied for removal of heavy metals from liquid media at 50 ppm concentration. Results indicated removal of substantial amount of heavy metals by some of the fungi. With respect to Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, maximum uptake of 59.67, 16.25, 0.55, and 0.55 mg/g was observed by fungi Pb3 (Aspergillus terreus), Trichoderma viride, Cr8 (Trichoderma longibrachiatum), and isolate Ni27 (A. niger) respectively. This indicated the potential of these fungi as biosorbent for removal of heavy metals from wastewater and industrial effluents containing higher concentration of heavy metals.
Contamination of environment by heavy metals has become a major concern worldwide. Role of conventional methods in remediating heavy metals have become ineffective and costly. Conventional methods can remove only up to certain minimum level. Therefore, the bioremediation is cost effective, efficient and environmentally friendly alternative of removing heavy metals. The ubiquitous presence of fungi has allowed acclimation to most types of wastes. During the last decade, fungi have been used in the treatment of a wide variety of wastes, wastewaters and the role of fungi in the bioremediation of various hazardous and toxic compounds in soils and sediments has been established. The properties of fungi to absorb and accumulate heavy metals give potential for cheap alternative method of heavy metal removal from soil and waste water. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss about the heavy metal removal from contaminated natural resources and aqueous solutions by fungi of different groups as Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina with their optimum conditions (pH, temperature, contact time, physical and chemical pretreatments etc.). In this review we found, species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Saccharomyces, Mucor, Rhizopus and Pleurotus represent best remediation agents for different heavy metals.
Environmental Technology and Innovation, 2020
Heavy metals like chromium (Cr(VI)) and cadmium (Cd(II)) which are supposed to be indigenous components of rocks, are no longer bound to their place of origin thus manifesting significant toxic impacts on living beings. In the present study, the metal tolerance capacity of highly resistant microorganisms was harnessed individually and in the form of consortium, to remediate conundrum of pollution. These fungal strains were isolated from contaminated sites and screened under various processed conditions. Results of secondary screening had evinced more than 70% of removal percentage for Cr(VI) with the fungi Aspergillus flavus (FS4) and Aspergillus fumigatus (FS6), in the liquid medium. Similarly, one Cd (II) tolerant fungal isolate FS9, identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, showed removal up to 74%. The developed microbial consortium had also enhanced the removal of heavy metals in different industrial effluents. The metal acceptance quality that this fungal consortium possess, may specify its ability as an effective biosorbent for the environment contaminated with heavy metals.
BIOREMEDIATION OF SOIL BY REMOVING HEAVY METALS USING Saccharomyces cerevisiae
ipcbee.net
Heavy-metal pollution represents an important environmental problem due to the toxic effects of metals, and their invasion in to the food chain leads to serious ecological and health problems. Metal remediation through common physico-chemical techniques is expensive and unsuitable in treating large contaminated area effectively. Bioremediation offers a promising means to reclaim such contaminated soil in an economical and eco friendly way. Bioremediation employs microorganisms capable of degrading toxic contaminants or have the ability to accumulate it in their cells. This concentrated end product can afterwards be directed for a controlled way for recovery of metals. In this study Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for the removal of heavy metals like Lead and Cadmium from contaminated soil .The tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against the metals was found to be upto 250 ppm and for Pb 2+ , 500 ppm for Cd 2+ . The parameters affecting the biosorption of heavy metals; such as time, metal concentration and biomass concentrations have been investigated. The results revealed that biosorption of about 67-82% of Pd 2+ and 73-79 % of Cd 2+ was attained within 30 days. The time taken for maximum sorption of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ was 30 days for soil containing 100 and 300 ppm of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ respectively. Biosorption rate are higher when the cells are in stationary phase. The biosorption and the growth of the microorganism in aerated soil were found to be more comparing to non-aerated soil.
Bioremediation of Heavy Metals From Contaminated Sites Using Potential Species: A Review
Heavy metals in wastewater, soil and sediment is a major concern of environmental pollution. A wide range of organic and inorganic compounds causes contamination. Heavy metals are major component of inorganic contaminants and cannot be degraded. The cleanup of such type of contaminants from environment usually requires their removal. Several conventional technologies have already been used for their removal but most of them are cost effective and not successful to get optimum results. Currently, a vast array of biological materials, especially bacteria, algae, yeasts and fungi have received increasing attention for heavy metal removal and recovery due to their good performance, low cost and large available quantities. In view of this, the paper reviews deeply about bioremediation technology and mechanism of heavy metal uptake by microorganisms. It also provides sources and effects of various heavy metals on plants and human health. Some potential species of microorganisms and plants which are commonly used for heavy metal removal are also reported. IJEP 37 (1) : 65-84 (2017)
Main Group Metal Chemistry, 2016
Metal contamination of soil is a serious environmental problem due to mining and use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, and industrial wastes), which are serious threat to human life. The current research is aimed at the remediation of soil contaminated with lead (II) and chromium (VI) using indigenous fungal strains through the comparative study of bioleaching and chemical leaching methods. The removal efficiencies of Pb (II) and Cr (VI) in bioleaching were higher than chemical leaching, where 99% Cr (VI) and 36% Pb (II) were removed by
Mycoremediation: a treatment for heavy metal-polluted soil using indigenous metallotolerant fungi
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019
Bioleaching of heavy metals from industrial contaminated soil using metallotolerant fungi is the most efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly technique. In the current study, the contaminated soil samples from Hattar Industrial Estate revealed a total lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) concentration of 170.90 mg L −1 and 26.66 mg L − 1 , respectively. Indigenous metallotolerant fungal strains including Aspergillus niger M1, Aspergillus fumigatus M3, Aspergillus terreus M6, and Aspergillus flavus M7 were isolated and identified by pheno-and genotyping. A. fumigatus and A. flavus of soil sample S1 showed higher efficiency for Pb removal (99.20% and 99.30%, respectively), in SDB medium. Likewise, A. niger and A. terreus of soil sample S2 showed higher efficiency for Hg removal (96% and 95.50%, respectively), in YPG medium. Furthermore, the maximum uptake efficiency for Pb removal (8.52 mg g −1) from soil sample S1 was noticed for A. fumigatus in YPG medium, while the highest uptake efficiency (4.23 mg g −1) of A. flavus M2 strain was observed with CYE medium. Similarly, the maximum uptake efficiency of 0.41 mg g −1 and 0.44 mg g −1 for Hg removal from soil sample S2 was found for A. niger and A. terreus strains, respectively, in CYE medium. Thus, in order to address the major issue of industrial waste pollution, indigenous fungal strains A. fumigatus (M1) and A. terreus (M7), isolated in this study, could be used (ex situ or in situ) to remediate soils contaminated with Pb and Hg.
Fungus An alternative for bioremediation of heavy metal containing wastewater: A review
The common filamentous fungi can sorb heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Ni, Ag, Th, Ra & U) from aqueous solutions to varying extents. Fungal biosorption largely depends on parameters such as pH, metal ion and biomass concentration, physical or chemical pretreatment of biomass, and presence of various legends in solution. When compared with commercial ion exchange resins, carbons and metal oxides, fungal derivatives generally perform well. Biomass can be regenerated by using various elutants. The availability of variety of biomass and their metal binding potential makes it a economical and sustainable option for developing effluent treatment process for removal and recovery of heavy metals.