A review of supercritical fluid extraction (original) (raw)
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Supercritical extraction in production and processing of oil, gas, and coal
Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 1993
Extraction by means of solvents (fluids) in the supercritical state is a new commercial process based on the phenomenon of abnormally high solubility of substances at near-critical temperatures and pressures. This technology has found extensive applications in various fields of industry. In particular, it offers a means of increasing the recovery of oil from a formation, solving problems in removal of highly toxic organic compounds from the ambient medium, and developing scientific principles of highly efficient zero-waste technologies.
2018
In supercritical CO2 extraction process , there are two essential steps: the extraction step in the extractor where the SC-CO2 allows the solvent or extract removal from product structure and the separation step which consists of the separation of CO2-solvents or CO2-extract in a cascade of cyclone separators downstream the extractor. Cyclone separators are separation devices that use the centrifugal and gravity forces to remove liquid phase from flue gases. Two supercritical extraction processes are studied here: organogels supercritical drying for aerogels production and supercritical extraction of polar compounds from natural products. Concerning the first process, the organogel is prepared by an aminoacid-type organogelator with aromatic solvents such as tetralin or toluene. The experimental results showed a good solvent recovery rate in the case of tetralin, exceeding 90% but an unsatisfactory separation for toluene with a yield below 65%. In order to understand the experimenta...
Supercritical fluid mediums for the extraction of oil products from tar sands
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
The prospects of using supercritical fluid medium for the extraction of oil products from tar sands are discussed. The results of an experimental study of the extraction process using propane-butane extractant (75% wt. propane + 25% wt. butane) in liquid (t = 80 °C, 100 °C, P = 5-10 MPa) and supercritical fluid (t = 140 °C, P = 5-10 MPa) states are presented. The results of quantum chemical simulation are presented in relation to the above process.
The Effect of Fluid Flow Rate and Extraction Time in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
2019
1 Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Bandar Sri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
Supercritical fluid extraction for the determination of optimum oil recovery conditions
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2007
CO 2 under supercritical (SC) conditions is a powerful solvent capable of extracting hydrocarbons from crude oil. The extraction capacity of CO 2 is a function of pressure, temperature and composition of the crude oil. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study investigating the capacity of CO 2 to extract hydrocarbons from an oil-saturated soil under a wide range of pressures and temperatures (80-120 bar for temperatures ranging from 40 to 60°C and 200-300 bar for temperatures varying from 100 to 140°C). The soil samples were collected from Sahel oil filed, which is near Bu Hasa oil field (Abu Dhabi, UAE) where the crude oil was obtained from. The extracted oil from the SC CO 2 process and the residual oil remaining in the soil sample were analyzed by gas chromatography to shed more light on the extraction phenomenon. Extraction efficiency of CO 2 increased with pressure and decreased with temperature. Moreover, the amount of extracted heavy fractions increased with pressure for all temperatures. On the other hand, the amount of extracted heavy hydrocarbons decreased with temperature for the low pressure range (80-120 bar) and remained the same for the pressure range of 250-300 bar. The maximum extraction efficiency of CO 2 was 72.4%, which was obtained at the highest pressure (300 bar) and a temperature of 100°C.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction: A Review
Journal of Biological and chemical Chronicles
INTRODUCTION: Across globe research is been conducted to assess the efficacy of many emerging non-thermal technologies in food processes to minimize the deleterious effects of thermal conventional process like, pulsed electric field 1 , Ohmic heating 2 , ultraviolet light 3 , pulsed-light technology 4,5 , ultrasound 6 , cold plasma 7 , high hydrostatic pressure 8 and ultra-high pressure homogenization 9. Consumers crave for food with better nutritional quality, coupled with food safety and use of green technology. 10 The number of potential applications for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) continues to grow globally, which is verified through the increase in patents deposited in the last few years. It is observed that its application is already part of the present scenery, being mainly impelled by the growing demand of high quality products demand and economy's globalization. Besides that, it also stands out in its use in the commerce of pharmaceutical, food, chemical, and cosmetic materials. The increase in the application of this technology in the industrial area is mainly due to the selectivity, facility, and separation capacity that the technique allows in obtaining a great number of organic compounds, of which many are impossible or nonviable to extract through traditional processes, or those whose purification needs high resolution columns , not always available in the national market, thereby making the utilization very costly. The high utilization of organic solvents in the different industrial processes, such as fat and oil extraction, obtaining bioactive functional compounds, removal of heavy metals, polymer processing, fuel production, among others, represent a globally discussed issue, due to the harm caused to the environment. In light of this picture, in 1987, the Montreal Protocol was introduced, and in 1997 the Kyoto Protocol, which had as the main objective to restrict or eliminate the production and utilization of solvents that cause harm to the ozone layer. 11 The great interest of the scientific community and the industrial sector for SFE is directly related to the restrictions to the use of organic solvents, both in the preparative processes of samples used in the various industries, and in a higher ecological consciousness in the use of different analysis methods involving extraction. The extraction technique most widely known as supercritical fluid Extraction (SFE) Since its inception has been touted for its exceptional performance. 12 Presently, the utilization of SFE is extensively applied not only to the food and drug areas, but also in the areas of toxicology, chemistry, environment, textile, petrochemical, polymers, among others. 13 Significant
PROCESS PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION-A REVIEW
ABSRTACT Solvent extraction has major applications in extraction of vegetable oils, nuclear processing, production of fine organic compounds, processing of perfumes and other industries. But, now days, use of this method is dropping due to the solvents cost, chemical deposits and legal issues with disposal of waste after use. All these demerits are overcome by supercritical fluid extraction process. This extraction method is affected by several process parameters; those are reviewed in this paper.