Bacterial Profile of Chronic Kidney Failure Patients and their Sensitivity to Meropenem at General Hospital (original) (raw)

Association of Kidney Function with Infections by Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: An Electronic Medical Record Analysis

Scientific reports, 2018

Antibiotic resistance is a major global health threat. High prevalences of colonization and infection with multi-drug resistance organisms (MDROs) have been reported in patients undergoing dialysis. It is unknown if this finding extends to patients with mild and moderate/severe kidney disease. An observational study included all adult incident patients hospitalized with a discharge diagnosis of infection in four hospitals from Guangzhou, China. Serum creatinine measurement at admission together with microbial culture confirmed infections. Exclusion criterion: Undergoing renal replacement therapy. Four categories of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared: eGFR ≥ 105, 60-104 (reference), 30-59, and <30 ml/min/1.73 m. The odds ratio of MDROs, defined as specific pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.) resistant to three or mor...

Prevalence and antibiogram of bacteria causing urinary tract infection among patients with chronic kidney disease

Open Medicine

Identifying and appropriately managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are essential to reduce further disease complications and economic burden. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of UTIs among CKD patients and study the antibiogram of the bacterial isolates. Four hundred eighty-two clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from CKD patients during the study period. The samples were cultured, and bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Of the 482 CKD patients, 15.8% were culture positive, and the majority was elderly aged group population. Most bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli 50%, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.80%, Enterococcus species 15.80%, and Klebsiella pneumoniae 11.84%. The majority of bacteria were found to ...

Incidence of bacterial infections in chronic kidney disease patients admitted in nephrology unit of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College

Background: Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients, second only to cardiovascular causes. As the incidence of chronic kidney disease is increasing, the number of deaths due to infectious disease is also increasing. Infectious disease includes infection, bacteremia and sepsis in chronic kidney disease patients.Objective: To assess the incidence of bacterial infections in chronic kidney disease patients.Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was done among all chronic kidney disease patients admitted over 6 months in Nephrology Unit of Department of Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.Results: 58 patients were admitted with infectious diseases, out of which 6 patients (10.34%) died during treatment while 1 patient (1.78%) left against medical advice. Infection in patients undergoing dialysis (5D) was much more compared to stage 4 or 5chronic kidney disease patients (58.62% vs. 13.79% v...

A Study on Clinical Assessment of Antibiotic Used in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA

A 6-week longitudinal prospective study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and the safety antibiotic used in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in internal medicine ward. We compared white blood count and glomerular fi ltration rate before and after antibiotic used. The CKD patients who admitted in the internal medicine ward and age ≥18 years old were included this study. Patients with incomplete laboratory data and renal replacement therapy were excluded in this study. The 25 patients who enrolled in this study were recruited. The majority gender of CKD was male (64%), the mean of age was 61.52±14.17 years old with length of stay (LOS) was 6.92±4.05 days. The highest number of patients was in CKD stage 3 (n=10, 40%) and was followed by CKD stage 2 (n=6, 24%). Most of them were diagnosed community acquired pneumonia. Tablet azithromycin (n=16, 64%) then Cefotaxime intra venous injection (IV) (n= 6, 24%), and Ceftazidime IV (n=5, 20%), Cloxacillin IV (n=4, 16%) were the mos...

Assessing the Frequency and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolated Bacteria from Septicemic Hemodialysis Patients

2015

Introduction: Septicemia is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide that increases the hospitalization time and also raises the cost for patients. The current study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of blood culture isolates from the hemodialysis patients referred to Hasheminejad Hospital in Tehran, Iran.Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study the records of 1090 patients who undergone hemodialysis in Hasheminejad Hospital Urinary Tract and Kidney Center between 2012 and 2013 were evaluated. At least two Blood samples from each patients were collected under sterile conditions and was injected into blood culture bottles. After 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, samples were cultured in sheep blood agar (BA), chocolate agar and eosin methylene blue agar (EMB). Disc diffusion on Muller Hinton Agar (HIMEDIA, India) was performed to define the susceptibility. Spss software version 20 was used to analyze the data.Results: From 1090...

Comparison of Dosing Recommendations for Antimicrobial Drugs Based on Two Methods for Assessing Kidney Function: Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease

Pharmacotherapy, 2008

Study Objectives. To quantify the difference between glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) estimated by using the Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations, and to determine whether dosing recommendations for four commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents are discordant when determined by using these equations. Design. Prospective, observational study. Setting. Tertiary-care medical center. Patients. Two hundred seven consecutive adults without normal renal function but not receiving dialysis who were admitted to a non-intensive-care ward and had two consecutive serum creatinine concentration (S cr ) values measured 20-24 hours apart. Measurements and Main Results. The patients' mean ± SD S cr was 1.41 ± 0.95 mg/dl. Kidney function was estimated by using two versions of the fourvariable MDRD equation and four versions of the Cockcroft-Gault equation.

Meropenem PK/PD Variability and Renal Function: “We Go Together”

Pharmaceutics

Background: Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic widely employed for serious bacterial infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a strategy to optimize dosing, especially in critically ill patients. This study aims to show how TDM influences the management of meropenem in a real-life setting, not limited to intensive care units. Methods: From December 2021 to February 2022, we retrospectively analyzed 195 meropenem serum concentrations (Css). We characterized patients according to meropenem exposure, focusing on the renal function impact. Results: A total of 36% (n = 51) of the overall observed patients (n = 144) were in the therapeutic range (8–16 mg/L), whereas 64% (n = 93) required a meropenem dose modification (37 patients (26%) underexposed; 53 (38%) overexposed). We found a strong relationship between renal function and meropenem concentrations (correlation coefficient = −0.7; p-value < 0.001). We observed different dose-normalized meropenem exposure (Css/D) among re...

Concentration of meropenem in patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury before and after initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy: a prospective observational trial

Pharmacological Reports

Background The effect of renal replacement therapy on drug concentrations in patients with sepsis has not been fully elucidated because the pharmacokinetic properties of many antimicrobials are influenced by both pathophysiological and treatment-related factors. The aim of this study was to determine meropenem concentrations in patients with sepsis before and after the initiation of continuous venovenous hemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA-CVVHD). Methods The study included 15 critically ill patients undergoing RCA-CVVHD due to sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. All participants received 2 g of meropenem every 8 h in a prolonged infusion lasting 3 h. Meropenem concentrations were measured in blood plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Blood samples were obtained at six-time points prior to and at six-time points after introducing RCA-CVVHD. Results The median APACHE IV and SOFA scores on admission were 118 poi...

Some Microbial and Immunophysiological Parameter in Patients with Renal Failure

Abstract Background: Escherichia coli reported to be the most common bacteria isolate from patients with renal failure, while Klebsilla pneumoniae. were found to be the second common isolated, followed by Staphlococcus aureus.Also study explained an increased in levels of IL-17,FasL, ,creatinine,urea,.Objectives: To isolate microorganisms from patients with renal failure, also to determined Immunphsiological parameter for patients.Methods:102 blood sample (61 male (59.8%) and 41female (40.1%)) , 150 urine sample for pateints underogoing hemodialysis at industrial kidney unit in Marjan Teaching Hospital from November 2013 to June 2014.All sample were cultured on different media for full bacteriological identification . In addition blood samples were taken from patients for immunphysiological tests.Results:The most common gram negative bacterial isolates were Escherichiae coli (38.8%), followed Klebsiella pneumoniae (34.32%), Enterobacter spp (6.71%) and Pseudomonas aerogenosa (4.47%).The gram positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (13.43%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.24%).Also results explained an increased in levels of IL-17, Fas L, , creatinine , urea, Keywords :IL17 , Fas-L , Bacteria ,S. creatinine ,B. urea