Tuberculosis and the under reporting of cases that evolved to death: Integrative Literature Review (original) (raw)
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Completeness and timeliness of tuberculosis case reporting
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2001
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control activities are contingent on the timely identification and reporting of cases to public health authorities to ensure complete assessment and appropriate treatment of contacts and identification of secondary cases. We report the results of a multistate evaluation of completeness and timeliness of reporting of TB cases in the United States during 1993 and 1994.
Evaluation of the Tuberculosis Case Notification System, Mhondoro-Ngezi District, Zimbabwe, 2016
Open Journal of Epidemiology, 2017
Background: Zimbabwe was 17 th among 22 tuberculosis (TB) high burdened countries. In Zimbabwe, the TB case notification system tracks data on case detection and treatment. Mhondoro-Ngezi district was reporting less than half provincial case average of 251 cases per 100,000 population per year. Data were always two weeks late. We evaluated the surveillance system and determined reasons for low notification. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using the updated CDC guidelines. Structured questionnaires, notification registers and forms were used to collect data. Epi Info 7 was used to calculate means and frequencies. Results: All 17 facilities providing TB services were selected. Only two of these were diagnostic centres. Of the 41 health workers, 32 (78%) were nurses. All facilities were notifying and 38 (93%) of health workers had notified cases. Notification forms were available at all facilities and were transported to the district office by government vehicles once completed. Ten minutes on average were needed to complete a form and this was easy for 89% health workers. Data were being analysed at facilities by 83% of health workers and 71% took action after analysis. Feedback from district level was being received by 85% of health workers. The reasons for low notification included: few diagnostic centres, passive case detection and poor community involvement. Conclusions: The TB case notification system was acceptable, simple, representative and useful. Reasons for low notification included: few diagnostic centres, passive case detection and poor community involvement. As a result of this evaluation, a third diagnostic centre is being set up.
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 2021
Background The greatest risk of infectious disease undernotification occurs in settings with limited capacity to detect it reliably. World Health Organization guidance on the measurement of misreporting is paradoxical, requiring robust, independent systems to assess surveillance rigor. Methods are needed to estimate undernotification in settings with incomplete, flawed, or weak surveillance systems. This study attempted to design a tuberculosis (TB) inventory study that balanced rigor with feasibility for high-need settings. Objective This study aims to design a hybrid TB inventory study for contexts without World Health Organization preconditions. We estimated the proportion of TB cases that were not reported to the Ministry of Health in 2015. The study sought to describe TB surveillance coverage and quality at different levels of TB care provision. Finally, we aimed to identify structural-, facility-, and provider-level barriers to notification and reasons for underreporting, nonr...
Factors associated with unreported tuberculosis cases in Spanish hospitals
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2015
Background: Under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) cases complicates disease control, hinders contact tracing and alters the accuracy of epidemiological data, including disease burden. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the proportion of unreported TB cases in Spanish healthcare facilities and to identify the associated factors. Methods: A multi-center retrospective study design was employed. The study included TB cases diagnosed in 16 facilities during 2011-2012. These cases were compared to those reported to the corresponding public health departments. Demographic, microbiological and clinical data were analyzed to determine the factors associated with unreported cases. Associated factors were analyzed on a bivariate level using the x 2 test and on a multivariate level using a logistic regression. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Of the 592 TB cases included in the study, 85 (14.4 %) were not reported. The percentage of unreported cases per healthcare center ranged from 0-45.2 %. The following variables were associated to under-reporting at a multivariate level: smear-negative TB (OR = 1.87; CI:1.07-3.28), extrapulmonary disease (OR = 2.07; CI:1.05-4.09) and retired patients (OR = 3.04; CI:1.29-7.18). A nurse case manager was present in all of the centers with 100 % reporting. The percentage of reported cases among the smear-positive cases was 9.4 % and 19.4 % (p = 0.001) among the rest of the study population. Smear-positive TB was no associated to under-reporting. Conclusions: It is important that TB Control Programs encourage thorough case reporting to improve disease control, contact tracing and accuracy of epidemiological data. The help from a TB nurse case manager could improve the rate of under-reporting.
Unnotified deaths and hospital admissions for tuberculosis in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro
Revista de Saúde Pública, 2011
OBJECTIVE: To analyze underreporting of deaths and hospital admissions from tuberculosis to the Information System for Notifi able Diseases (SINAN). METHODS: Cases with tuberculosis as basic or associated cause of death were selected from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM) and hospital admissions for tuberculosis as main or secondary cause from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unifi ed Health System (SIH-SUS), for residents in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro in 2004. Probabilistic record linkage was carried out between the SIM and SIH-SUS databases and the SINAN for the years 2002 to 2004. RESULTS: Out of the 542 deaths from tuberculosis in the period, 234 (43.2%) were not registered in the SINAN for the two previous years. As for the 1,079 admissions, 238 (22.1%) failed to be notifi ed. Seventy-one deaths were related to these admissions: 47 were registered out of the SIH-SUS by death, 24 occurred after discharge and seven remained unnotifi ed in the SINAN. The elderly were 1.6 times (95%CI 1.074;2.516) less likely to be notifi ed than younger patients, and those with at least a college education were 3.6 times (95%CI 1.384;11.022) less likely to be notifi ed than those with no formal education. Patients under 15 were 4.8 times (95%CI 2.757;8.452) less likely to be notifi ed than those aged between 15 and 59 years. Some regional health administration divisions showed a percentage of unnotifi ed deaths of over 50% and this percentage ranged from 37.8% to 12.7% for hospital admissions. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest problems in the detection of cases and point to obstacles in adequate and timely treatment, as well as to quality fl aws in the information system, with differences among regions in the municipality.